初中阅读理解做题技巧与练习 37页

主讲：吴老师英语阅读理解解题技巧\n英语阅读理解解题技巧概述中考阅读理解题选材，一般遵循三个原则：1.文章不少于三篇，阅读量在1，000单词左右；2.题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容；3.体裁多样，包阔记叙文、说明文、应用文等。故事类：人物，时间，地点，情节发展线索科普类：事物的特征，用途和相互关系图表类：图表的主题，确定图表的主要内容，推敲图画的语言和数字，找出关联和表达的意思\n中考阅读理解主要考查6种能力：2．1掌握所读材料的主旨和大意的能力。此类考查主旨和大意的题大多数针对段落(或短文)的主题，主题思想，标题或目的，其主要提问方式是：1)Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?2)Whichofthefollowingisthispassageabout?3)Inthispassagethewritertriestotellusthat____.4)Thispassagemainlytalksabout_______.2．2.把握文章的事实和细节的能力。此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的，其主要提问方式是：1)Whichofthefollowingisright?2)Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?3)WhichofthefollowingisNotTrueinthepassage?4)Fromthispassageweknow________.\n题目类型3．1A类题：可以直接从原文中找到答案的题目A类题是拿分题。丢分原因：1）凭印象做题，准确率低。2）时间把握最容易出问题：忘记内容的时候往往会回到文章中去找答案，一篇文章往往要读好几遍。A类题解题技巧：看清题目所问的内容之后，要在原文中划出原句，并标上题号。这样做的目的：1）做到万无一失，保证把该拿到的分数拿到手。2）减少阅读文章的次数，争取宝贵的时间。3．2B类题：不能够从原文中直接找到答案的题需要经过分析、判断、推理之后才能解答的题。该类题是失分题，往往是出题老师用来拉开学生梯度和层次的题。B类题包括：文章主题和中心大意等，一般都是主旨题。B类题解题技巧：1、以原文为依据，不参杂个人意见，要客观不要主观。要克服“我认为…怎么样”的观点。2、答案是比出来的。答案不选对的，只选最好的。因为，有时候四个答案都是对的。所以，当看到第一答案是正确的时候，也要看后面的答案。遇到这种情况，往往有学生钻牛角尖。老师给学生解释的时候，也可以这样说：你的答案没错，但是另一个答案更好，更全面。答案不选对的，只选最好的。比答案的原则是：好的>不知道的；不知道的>不对的。\n3、注意绝对化的词。如果答案选项中出现绝对化的词，比如：all，always，never，nothing，every等等，除非文章当中使用了该类词汇，否则，一般都要排除。比如，原文中出现了这样一个句子：Almosteveryonelikesthemusic.答题时，要你判断如下这个句子正误（TrueorFalse）：Everyonelikesthemusic.<——该句子应该是错误的。4、答案要避免以点带面，以偏盖全。尤其是多个选项都有道理，难以挑选正确答案的时候，要注意选择最符合题目要求的一个。5、“傻瓜”原则。文章中没有提到的就当时不知道，不要枉自猜测，自作聪明。一切以文章内容为准。4阅读理解解题步骤1、第一步：先读题2、第二步：读文章3、第三步：解题\n第一篇首先看题目的问题，推算出这篇文章大概讲的事什么内容\n（1）WhenyouareinEngland,youmustbeverycarefulinthestreet,becausethetraffic（车辆）drivesontheleft.Inthemorningandintheeveningwhenpeoplegotoorcomefromwork,thestreetsareverybusy.Trafficisthemostdangerousthen.Whenyougobybus,youhavetobecareful,too.Alwaysrememberthetrafficgoesontheleft.Havealookfirst,oryouwillgoawrongway.InmanyEnglishcitiestherearebigbuseswithtwofloors.Youcansitonthesecondfloor,andfromthereyoucanseethecityverywell.It’sverybeautiful.\n67．YoumustbeverycarefulinthestreetinEnglandbecause________.A．thereisalotoftrafficB．thetrafficisveryfastC．thetrafficdrivesontheleftD．therearenopolicemen68．Whenistrafficthemostdangerousinthestreets？A．Inthemorning.B．Intheevening.C．Atnight.D．Duringthetimewhenpeoplegotoorcomefromwork.69．Ifyouwanttoseethecitywell,whichfloorcanyousit？A．Onthefirstfloor.B．Onthesecondfloor.C．Onthethirdfloor.D．Onthefourthfloor.\n67.Cyoumustbeverycarefulinthestreet,becausethetraffic（车辆）drivesontheleft.由文章第一句知道在英国车辆靠左行，因此要特别小心，选C68.DInthemorningandintheeveningwhenpeoplegotoorcomefromwork,thestreetsareverybusy.Trafficisthemostdangerousthen.由文章第二段内容知道上下班的时候车最多，街上最危险，选D69.BYoucansitonthesecondfloor,andfromthereyoucanseethecityverywell.It’sverybeautiful由文章最后一段知道坐巴士的第二层可以好好地看这个城市，选B\n乡村风景\n街道随拍\n英国公交车\n英国第一辆两栖公交车\n澳洲宿舍\n潮汐的大海\n中国的海与澳洲的海有什么不同？\n第二篇阅读\nWhetheryouwillbeadoctororapoliceofficerinthefuture,thereisateacherinyourlife.Theyteachyouandhelpyouknowwhoyouare.Ofcourse,youwanttothankthem.Teachers’Dayisthebestdayforstudentsaroundtheworldtothanktheirteachers.Thefestivalisondifferentdaysindifferentcountries.InChina,Teachers’DayisonSeptember10.ButintheUS,teachershaveawholeweektocelebrate.TeacherAppreciation（感谢）WeekisinthefirstfullweekofMayeveryyear.Kidsusedto（过去常常）bringapplesfortheirteachersbecauseapplesarehealthy.Now,theybringgiftswithpicturesofapples,suchascups,picturesandsometoys.Schoolclubsoftengiveteachersafreebreakfast.TheSouthKoreanTeachers’DayisonMay15.Manystudentsgivecarnations（康乃馨）totheirteachers.Anothertraditionalgiftisacard.HundredsofstudentsmakeDIYcardsfortheirfavoriteteachers.AlthoughdifferentcountrieshavedifferentTeachers’Days,thereisonedayforthewholeworldtohonorteachers.OnOctober5ofeveryyear,over100countries,suchasCanadaandthePhilippines,showtheirthanksbycelebratingWorldTeachers’Day.Itstartedin1994anditwantstotellpeopleabouttheimportanceofteaching.\n70．WhenisWorldTeachers’Day？A．Octoberfifth.B．Mayfifteenth.C．Septembertenth.D．Julyfifteenth.71．HowlongdAopeopleintheUScelebratethefestival？A．Oneday.B．Threedays.C．Aweek.D．Amonth.A72．WhatarethetraditionalgiftsfortheteachersinSouthKorea？A．Carnationsandcards.B．Cupsandpictures.C．Apples.D．Cakes.73．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage？A．HowdostudentsinChinacelebrateTeachers’Day？B．DifferentTeachers’Daysaroundtheworld.C．Theimportanceofteaching.D．Giftsforteachers.\n70.AOnOctober5ofeveryyear,over100countries,suchasCanadaandthePhilippines,showtheirthanksbycelebratingWorldTeachers’Day.由文章最后一段第二句话知道国际教师节在十月五日，选A71.CButintheUS,teachershaveawholeweektocelebrate.由文章第三段第二句话知道美国的教师节持续一周，选C72.AManystudentsgivecarnations（康乃馨）totheirteachers.Anothertraditionalgiftisacard.由文章第四段二三句话知道康乃馨和开案是传统礼物，选A73.B本文全篇在讨论不同地方的教师节，因此最合适的标题为答案B\n第三篇阅读\n珠峰地区及其附近高峰的气候复杂多变，即使在一天之内，也往往变化莫测。11月中旬至翌年2月中旬，因受强劲的西北寒流控制，最低气温可达-60℃，平均气温在-40℃至-50℃之间。\nAClimbingthehighestmountainsintheworldisnotaneasyjob.Onehastofightbadweather,illnessandfear(恐惧).ButtheAmericanl3-year-oldboyJordanRomeroisnotafraid.HewillclimbAsiaandtheworld’shighestmountain,MountQomolangma.HewillsetoutonApril11．Hisparentsand2guideswillclimbwithhim.Heplanstotaketwomonthsforhisclimb.“I’mready.ButifIdon’tsucceed,I’lltrynexttime.”hesaid.Jordanwillalsodohismathhomeworkandsomebookreportsinthetwomonths.Hewillwritediaries(日记)aboutthisclimb.“MyfathertoldmethatIcoulddothisonlyifIcouldkeepupmyschoolwork,”hesaid.Jordanhasalreadyclimbedthehighestmountainsofsixothercontinents(大洲).Whenhewas10,heclimbedthehighestmountaininAfrica.Ifhesucceedsthistime,hewillbecometheyoungestpersontothetopoftheworld’shighestmountain.\n61．WhichofthefollowingsentencesisNotrightaccordingtothearticle?A．Jordanisafraidofthebadweatherandillnesswhileclimbing.B．FourpeoplewillclimbtogetherwithJordan.C．Jordan’sfatherletshimclimbthemountainonlyifhecankeepuphisschoolwork.D．JordanwillsetupanewworldrecordthistimeifhesucceedsinclimbingupMountQomolangma.62．Whatdidhedoattheageoften?A．Heclimbedthehighestmountainsofsixcontinents.B．HeclimbedthehighestmountaininAfrica.C．HeclimbedMountQomolangma.D．Hebecametheyoungestpersontothetopoftheworld’shighestmountain.\n这一数据得到了全世界的认可，从此在权威的地图等出版物中，珠峰高度为海拔8848或8848.1米。\n珠穆朗玛峰位于中国和尼泊尔两国边界上。它的北坡在我国西藏境内，南坡在尼泊尔境内。珠穆朗玛峰海拔8844．43米，是喜马拉雅山脉的主峰，也是世界上最高的山峰。藏语中“珠穆”是女神的意思，“朗玛”是第三的意思。因为在珠穆朗玛峰的附近还有四座山峰，珠峰位居第三，所以称为珠穆朗玛峰。\nEveryoneofus,richorpoor,shouldatleasthaveoneortwogoodfriends.Yourfriendswilllistentoyouwhenyouspeak,willtakecareofyouwhenyouareill,andwillbetogetherwithyouinyourjourney(旅程)throughlife.Everyoneneedsfriends.Friendshipcanmakeushappier.Howcanwefindagoodfriendandgetonwellwitheachother?Hereissomeadvice.Makefriendswithapersonwhoiseasytogetalongwith.Youshouldmakefriendswithapersonwhohassomethingincommonwithyou.Giveyourfriendahandwhensheorheisintrouble.Friendsshouldalwaysbereadytohelpeachother.Believeineachother.Thisisthemostimportantthinginafriendship.Eventhebestfriendsmayhaveafightsometimes.Ifthishappens,don’tletyourfightlasttoolong.Trytomakeupwithyourfriendssoon.Friendshipisakindoftreasure(宝藏)inourlife.Itislikeabottleofwine(酒),thelongeritiskept,thebetteritwillbe.\n66．Everyoneneedsfriends.WhichofthefollowingisNotareasonforit?A．Friendswilllookafteryouwhenyouareill.B．Friendswillfightwithyou.C．Friendswillmakeyouhappier.D．Friendswillbewithyouthroughyourlifejourney.67．WhichofthefollowingisNotrightaccordingtothearticle?A．Ifyourfriendshavesomeproblems,youshouldhelpthem.B．Friendsmayfightwitheachother,butbestfriendsneverfight.C．Believinginyourfriendsisthemostimportantthinginafriendship.D．Makefriendswithapersonwhohasthesameinterestsasyou.\n61.A62.B66.B67.B\n\n\n\n第四篇阅读\nWhenIwasatuniversity,Istudiedveryhard.Butalotofmyfriendsdidverylittlework.Somedidjustenoughtopassexams.Othersdidn’tdoquiteenough.TommyGreenwasoneofthem.HespentmoretimedrinkingintheStudents’Unionthanworkinginthelibrary.Onceattheendoftheterm,wehadtotakeanimportanttestinphysics.Thetesthadahundredquestions.Inmyroomthenightbeforethetest,TommywaswatchingTV.Tommyusuallyworriedalotonthenightbeforeatest.Butonthatnighthelookedquitecalm.Thenhetoldmeofhisplan.“It’sverysimple.ThereareahundredquestionsandIhavetogetfiftyrighttopassthetest.I’lltakeacoinintotheexamroom.Ihaven’tstudiedaphysicsbookformonths,soI’lljusttoss(掷)thecoin.Thatway,I’msureI’llgethalfthequestionsright.”Thenextday,Tommycamehappilyintotheexamroom.Ashesattossingacoinforhalfanhour,hewrotedownhisanswers.Thenheleft,halfanhourbeforetherestofus.Twodayslater,hesawthephysicsprofessoroutsidetheteachers’office.“Oh,good.”hesaid,“Haveyougottheresultofthetest？”Theprofessorlookedathimandsmiled,“Ah,it’syou,Tommy.Justaminute.”Thenhereachedintohispocketandtookoutacoin.Hetosseditintotheair,caughtitinhishandandlookedatit.“I’mverysorry,Tommy.”hesaid,“Youfailed!”\n67．Tommycamehappilyintotheexamroombecause________.A．hehadgotreadyfortheexamB．heknewtheanswersalreadyC．theotherstudentswouldbebehindhimD．hehadhiswaytofinishtheexam68．Thephysicsexaminfact________.A．wasnotveryhardB．tooktheotherstudentsanhourtofinishC．hadmorethanonehundredquestionsD．neededtobedonebytossingacoin69．TheprofessortossedthecointotellTommythat________.A．hethoughthiswayfortheexamgreatB．hewantedtomakefriendswithhimC．hiswayfortheexamwouldneverworkD．theexamresultdependedonthecoin\n67.D68.B69.C\n做题完毕，辛苦噜·······