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宾语从句1.概念:宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。2.结构:主句+连词(引导词)+宾语从句。主要内容:1.由that引导的宾从:(1)当宾语从句是陈述句时(包括肯定句和否定句),连词由that引导,因为that在从句中不作任何成分,也没有任何具体意思,因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。例句:LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.(林涛觉得他自己的队伍越来越好了。)Hesaid(that)hewouldliketolookafterhismother.(他说他想去照顾他的妈妈。)(2)在带有复合宾语的结构中,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面,而用it做形式宾语。例句:Ithinkitwrongthathetoldalietoeveryone.(我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的)(3)在主句为动词be加某些形容词(如sorry,sure,afraid,glad,pleased,happy等)作表语时,后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句。例句:我们确信我们队会赢这场比赛。We’resure(that)ourteamwillwin.(4)有些介词,如at,with,expect等,可带that引导的宾语从句。2.if/whether引导的宾语从句当宾语从句是一般疑问句时,由连词whether或if引导(口语中常用if),因为if/whether翻译成:“是否”,具有一定的意义,所以不能省略。Whether,if在从句中不做句子的成分,一般情况下,whether和if可以替换。例句:Nobodyknewwhetherhecouldpasstheexam.没有人知道他是否会通过考试.在以下情况下,whether和if不可以替换:(1)在whether…ornot结构中不能用if替换。例句:Idon’tknowwhetherthemoviestarwillcomeornot.我不知道那个电影明星是否回来。(2)在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导。例句:Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.所有的事情取决于我们是否拥有足够的时间。(3)和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导.例句:Wedecidedwhethertowalkthere.我们决定是否走过来。(4)在动词后面的宾语从句时例句:Wediscussedwhetherwehadasportsmeetingnextweek.我们讨论是否在下周开运动会议。(5)有些形容词,如sure等,可用whether引导从句,不用if.例句:Wearenotsurewhethertheywillcomeornot.我们不能肯定他们是否会来。\n3.当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时,由连接代词(what,who,whom,which,whose)或连接副词(when,where,how,why)引导,因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分,具有一定的意义,所以不可以省略。例句:Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?你知道他刚才说了什么吗?Idon’trememberwhenwearrived.我不记得我什么时候到的。Idon’tknowwhyhelookssosad.我不知道他为什么看起来如此悲伤。IaskedhimwhereIcouldborrowsomuchmoney.我问他我从那儿可以借到这么多钱。Pleasetellmewho(whom)wehavetosee.请告诉我,我必须去看谁。CouldyoutellushowmuchitcoststoflytoHainan?你能告诉我们飞到海南要花费多少吗?Couldyoutellushowoftenyougoabroadforaholiday?你能告诉我们你多久去国外度一次假?二、时态1.如果主句是现在的时态(包括一般现在时,现在进行时,现在完成时),从句的时态可根据实际情况而定,(包括一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,现在完成时等)。例句:我知道他住在那里。Iknowheliveshere.我知道他十年前就住在那里了。Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.我已经听说他明天会来。Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.2.如果主句是过去的时态(包括一般过去时,过去进行时),那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前,则从句要用过去完成时态。我知道谁住在那里。Iknewhelivedhere.我看见她正在跟她妈妈谈话。Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.他说他已经见过她了。Hesaidthathehadseenher.3.当从句是客观真理,定义,公理,定理时用一般现在时。老师说太阳围绕着地球转动。Theteachersaidthatthesuntravelsaroundtheearth.三.否定前移1.若主句的谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine等后面宾语从句的否定要前移。例句:Idon’tthinkhewillcomewithyou.我觉得他不会和你一起来的。2.宾语从句的反义疑问句:(1)主句主语为第一人称①谓语为suppose,think,believe,expect,imagine等词,与从句保持一致,并且要注意\n否定转移②谓语为其他动词,与主句保持一致Isupposefather’ssleeping,isn’the?Idon’tthinkyouareright,areyou?IsaidthatIwouldcomebacksoon,didn’tI?2.主句主语为其他称,与主句保持一致Hesaidhewantedtogotothezoo,didn’the?四.宾语从句的虚拟语气1.“wish”后的宾语从句,虚拟语气的从句中,动词“be”的过去时态一律用“were”,宾语从句中的“that”通常可以省略。(a)表示对现在事实的假设愿望,从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时。主语+wish+从句(主语+过去式+…)IwishIwereasyoungasyou.(真希望我能和你一样年轻。)HowIwishitweren’training!(现在要是不下雨该多好啊!)(b)表示与过去事实相反的愿望,从句谓语用过去完成时。主语+wish+从句(主语+had+过去分词+…)IwishIhadbeenherelastnight.(我要是昨晚在这儿就好了。)Hewisheshehadn’tspentsomuchmoney.(他后悔不该花那么多钱。)IwishIhadlearnedmore.(我多么希望我以前多学一些啊!)(c)表示对将来的不太可能实现的愿望,从句谓语用过去将来时。主语+wish+从句(主语+would/could/might+动词原形)IwishIcouldflytothemoononeday.(我希望有一天可以飞到月球上去。)Howshewisheshereyeswouldseeagain!(她多么希望双眼能重见光明啊!)wish&hopewish+从句,表示的是很难不可能实现的愿望,从句必须用虚拟语气。hope+从句,表示的是有可能实现的事实,从句不能用虚拟语气。e.g.Hewisheshissonwouldwinthecompetition.他真希望他的儿子在竞赛中能够获胜。(可惜获胜不了)Hehopesthathissonwillwinthecompetition.他希望他儿子在竞赛中能够获胜。(有可能获胜)2.表要求、建议、命令的宾语从句一个坚持(insist)两个命令(order,command)三个建议(suggest,propose,advise)\n四个要求(ask,demand,require,request)在这些动词后的宾语从句中的谓语动词用(should)+do(动词原形)。在这类句型中只能用should,不可以用would,could,might等别的词代替。而在现代英语中,should常被省略。特殊:动词insist和suggest后接宾语从句时若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生,或尚未成为事实,则用虚拟语气。insist—坚持要求;suggest—建议若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生,或已经成为事实,则要用陈述语气。insist—坚持认为;suggest—表明,认为e.g.HeinsistedthatIhadreadhisletter.(他坚持说我看过他的信。)HeinsistedthatI(should)readhisletter.(他坚持要我看他的信。)Hesuggestedthatwe(should)stayfordinner.(他建议我们留下吃饭。)Hisfacesuggestedthathewasangry.(他的脸色表明他生气了。)3.wouldrather后的宾语从句wouldrather引导的的宾语从句,表示“宁愿、宁可”,语气较为委婉。wouldrather/wouldsooner/hadratherthat过去发生过去完成时现在发生一般过去时将来发生一般过去时Iwouldratheryouhadn’tsaidit.(我真希望你没有这样说过。)Iwouldratherwehadarestnow.(我希望我们现在休息一下.)Iwouldratheryoumetherattheairporttomorrowmorning.(但愿你明天早上能在机场见到她.)宾语从句练习题练习一:( )1.Pleasetellme___ ___.Ihavesomegoodnewsforhim. A.whereRobertlives B.wheredoesRobertlive C.whereRobertlived D.wheredidRobertlive ( )2.—Wedon’tknow . —ItissaidthathewasborninCanada.\n A.whatheis B.whenhewasborn C.wherehecomesfrom D.ifheliveshere ( )3.—MayIcomein?I’msorryIamlate. —Comein,please.Butcouldyoupleasetellme______? A.whyyouarelateagain B.whatwereyoudoingthen C.whoyoutalkedwith D.howdoyoucametoschool ( )4.Couldyoutellme________? A.WhenwillMarycomeback B.WhenMarycomesback C.WhenMarywillcomeback (2008青海省) ( )5.—Whatdidyousayjustnow? —Iasked_______. A.thatIcouldopenthedoor B.couldIopenthedoor C.howcouldIopenthedoor D.howIcouldopenthedoor ( )6.—Doyouknow________,Mike? —OnMay12th,2008 A.whentheearthquaketookplaceinWenChuan B.whendidtheearthquaketakeplaceinWenChuan C.whentheearthquakewilltakeplaceinWenChuan练习二:1.Someofmyfriendsareinterestinginscience,butnoneofthemcantell_______..A.whenUFOswillappearnexttimeB.whydohorsesknowthewayC.wherewasthiskindofplantfoundD.howdoelephantscommunicate2.---WhattimewillMr.BrownbebacktoChina?----Sorry.Idon’tknow_______..A.whendidhegoabroadB.whyheisgoingabroadC.howsoonwillhebebackD.howlonghewillstayabroad3.---Couldyoupleasetellme_______.?----BusNo.32willtakeyourightthere.A.whereisHenanMuseumB.whatHenanMuseumislikeC.howcanIgettoHenanMuseumD.whichbusIshalltaketoHenanMuseum4.PetersaysthattheWhitesareonholiday,butnooneknows_______..A.wheretheyhavebeenB.wherearetheyC.wherearetheyfromD.wheretheyhavegone5.---Doyouknow_______.theCapitalMuseum?---NextFriday.\nA.whenwilltheyvisitB.whentheywillvisitC.whendidtheyvisitD.whentheyvisited5.Hewantedtoknow_______.theEnglishparty.A.whenwillwehaveB.whenwewillhaveC.whenwouldwehaveD.whenwewouldhave7.Iwanttoknow_______..A.whenweshouldarriveattheairportB.whenshouldwearriveattheairportC.whentheairportweshouldarriveatD.whentheairportshouldwearriveat8.---David,lookatthemaninwhiteoverthere.Canyoutellme_______.?----Heisadoctor.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whatisheD.whatheis9.---Couldyoutellme_______.?Heiswantedbytheheadteacher.---Sorry,I’venoidea.Buthe_______herejustnow.A.whereTim;wasB.whereisTim;wasC.whereTimis;wasD.whereTimis;is10.---DidMrs.Kingleaveamessage?---Yes.Shewantedtoknow_______thisSunday.A.whoyouwouldgoshoppingB.ifyouwouldgoshoppingwithherC.thatyouwillgoshoppingD.whenwillyougoshoppingwithher11.---I’mateenager’smother.SometimesIdon’tknow.----Loveandunderstanding.A.whatmysonneedsmostB.whatdoesmysonwanttogetC.whymysongetsannoyedveryoftenD.whydoesmysongetannoyedveryoften.12.---Iwonder_______.withoutwater----Aboutaweek.A.howlongmancanliveB.howlongcanmanliveC.whenmancanliveD.whencanmanlive13.Idon'tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where14.Idon'tknow_____hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.A.whetherBwhereC.whatD.when练习三:一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1.TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.Hesaid_______theseflowers_______fromGuangdong.2.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.\nMyteachertoldme_____light_______fasterthansound.2.Therewillbeameetinginfivedays.Jackdidn’tknow.Jackdidn’tknow_____there_________ameetinginfivedays.4.CantheyspeakFrench?Iwanttoknow.Iwanttoknow___________________________French.5.Arethechildrenplayinggames?Tellme.Tellme______thechildren____________games.6.Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?Mr.ZhaoaskedMaGang.Mr.ZhaoaskedMaGang____________________homeworkyet.7.Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?Whoknows?Whoknows_______________________________inthepicture?8.Wheredidsheparkhercar?Doyouknow?Doyouknow______________hercar?二、用合适的连接词填空。1.Jimtoldme____hedidn'tgofishingyesterdayafternoon.(how,why)2.Doyouknow______elseisgoingtobeondutytoday?(who,whom)3.Shesaid_____itwouldn'tmattermuch.(that,if)4.Healwaysthinks______hecandobetter.(how,who)5.Ireallydon'tknow________thebridgewillbefinished.(howlong,howsoon)6.Theydon'tknow_______togoorwait.(if,whether)7.Wearetalkingabout______we’llgobacktomorrow.(whether,if)8.Iwasreallysurprisedat______Isaw.(where,what)9.Idon'tknow____somanypeoplearelookingathim.(how,why)10.Doyouknow______youarestudyingfor?(why,what)三、句型转换。1.“Doyouwanttotryit?”Tom'smotheraskedhim.(同义句)→Tom'smotheraskedhim____________________totryit.2.Ithinkthisisagoodidea.(改为否定句)→I_______________this________agoodidea.3.Lucycann'tdecidewhichbagstobuy.(改为反义疑问句)→Lucycann’tdecidewhichbagstobuy,?4.Idon'tknowhowIcangettothehospital.(改为简单句)→Idon'tknow________________________tothehospital.5.Idon’tsupposetheywillcome,_____________?(改为反意疑问句)四、用所给动词的正确形式填空。\n1.Wearesurethathe________(go)toschooltomorrow.2.Doyouknowwho______(be)thefirstmantowalkonthemoon?3.Couldyoutellmewherethepostoffice______(is)?4.Ourfathersaidthathe_______(will)buyanewcomputer.5.Ihearthathe_______(swim)intheseayesterday.参考答案:练习一参考答案:1.A 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.A练习二考参考答案1.参考答案A.我的一些朋友对自然科学感兴趣,但他们谁也讲不出下次不明飞行物出现的时间。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。2.参考答案D.布朗先生什么时候回中国?抱歉。我不知道他会在国外待多久。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。3.参考答案D.你能告诉我怎样到河南博物馆(我坐几路车能到河南博物馆)吗?宾语从句应该用陈述语序。4.参考答案D.彼得说怀特一家正在度假,但没有人知道他们去了哪里。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。Theyhavebeento他们去过某个地方,现在已经回来了;theyhavegoneto他们去了某个地方,现在还没有回来。5.参考答案B.你知道他们什么时候参观首都博物馆吗?下周五。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。6.参考答案D.你想知道我们什么时候举办英语联欢会。当主句是一般过去时态的时候,宾语从句用相应的过去时态,宾语从句应该用陈述语序。7.参考答案A.我想知道我们应该什么时候到达机场。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。8.参考答案D.David,看那边那个穿白衣服的人,你能告诉我他是干什么的吗?他是医生。询问职业用what;宾语从句应该用陈述语序。9.参考答案C.你能告诉我蒂姆在哪里吗?班主任在找他。对不起,我不知道。但是他刚才在这里。动词tell后接的宾从应用陈述语序,justnow提示应该用was.10.参考答案B.金太太留口信了吗?是的,她想知道这个周日你是否跟她一起去购物。11.参考答案A.我是一个青少年的妈妈。有时我不知道我的儿子最需要什么。爱和理解。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。Loveandunderstanding.故用what.12.参考答案A.我想知道,没有水人能活多久。大约一周。Aboutaweek知询问应用howlong,宾语从句应该用陈述语序。否定前移专项训练答案:13.B14.A练习三参考答案一、1.that,were2.that,travels3.that,wouldbe4.if/whethertheycanspeak5.if/whether,areplaying6.if/whetherhehadfinishedhis7.howmanypeopleyoucansee8.wheresheparked二、1.why2.who3.that4.how5.howsoon6.whether7.whether8.what9.why10.what三、1.if/whetherhewanted2.don’tthink,is3.canshe4.howtoget5.willthey四、1.willgo2.was3.is4.would5.swam