初中定语从句讲解及练习1 7页

Unit6-7初中定语从句讲解及练习一．定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如：1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格who,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when、why关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(5)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做宾语)5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(若指物，它还可以同ofwhich互换，指人的时候也可以用ofwhom代替）(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.（3)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?――――附练习（一）定语从句练习练习(一)请分析一下定语从句：(请划出定语从句，并标出先行词)1.  CheckthewaysyoustudyforanEnglishtest.2.  AnotherthingthatIfoundverydifficultwasEnglishgrammar.3.  Youcouldn’tunderstandpeoplewhotalkedfast.4.  Ihavesomeideasthatmayhelp.5.  Theysaidsomethingyoudidn’tlike.6. Canyouthinkofanyproblemsyouhavehadrecently?8.HewouldalwaystakeprideineverythinggoodIdo.9.  MyfriendsandItalkedabouttherulesthatwehaveinschool.\n10. Whataresomeoftherulesthatateenagershouldobey?12.Ifyouknowanyoneelsewhocollectsthem,pleasetellme.13. Standingveryclosetothepersonyouaretalkingwithisquitecommoninsomecountries.14. Ifyouknowsomeoneyouknowdoingthis,youcanaskthem.15. AllIeverwantedtodowastraveling.二、用关系代词填空：that、which、who、whom、whose1.Thisistheman________wantstoseeyou.2. Thestudent___________answeredthequestionisZhangHua.3. Theman__________youwenttoseehascome.4. Theman___________Imetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.5. Thewoman_______________yousawisourgeographyteacher.6. Therunner________________youareaskingaboutisoverthere.7. Theperson______________youshouldwritetoisMr.Ball.8. Theman___________waspassingbysawwhathappened.9.  Hereisthepen_________youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.10.Thesebooks_____________youlentmewereveryuseful.11. Thestorybook__________Ihavejustreadcannotbeforgotten.12. Aclockisamachine______tellspeoplethetime.13. Thisisshirt_______________Iboughtyesterday.14.  Adictionaryisabook________givesthemeaningtotheword.15.  Thebook____________isonthetableismine.16.  Thefilm__________theyaretalkingaboutisveryinteresting.17.  Iwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplaces____Ihavevisited.18.  Isthereanyone____________familyisinBeijing?19.  Showmetheboy___________motherisawell-knownsinger.20. Theboy______fatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish.三、单项选择()1.YourteacherofChineseisayounglady____comesfromBeijing.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose()2.What’sthenameoftheprogram________.A.whicharelisteningB.youarelisteningtoC.tothatyouarelisteningD.thatyouarelistening()3.Thestudentswereallinterested____youtoldthemyesterday.A.inwhichB.inthatthisC.allthatD.ineverything()4.Hewastheonlypersoninhisoffice______wasinvited.A.whomB.whoseC.thatD.which()5.Thisisthemuseum______wevisitedlastyear.A.whereB.inwhichC.whichD.inthat()6.Charlietoldhismotherall____hadhappened.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who()7.Doyouknowthestudent_____?A.whomIoftentalkB.withwhoIoftentalkC.IoftentalkwithD.thatIoftentalk\n()8.Ilikethehouse_____windowsfacesouth.A.whoseB.who’sC.it'sD.its()9.Wouldyoutellmewheretogetthedictionary_____?A.whatIneedB.IneedC.whichIneeditD.thatIneedit()10.Theyoungwoman_____Ispokejustnowisayoungdoctor.A.whoB.towhomC.whomD.that三）关系副词关系副词：在句中作状语关系副词=介词+关系代词why=forwhichwhere=in/at/...which(介词同先行词搭配)when=during/on/in/...which(介词同先行词搭配)1.where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句。2.when引导定语从句表示时间[注]值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。练习二1）.Isthisthefactory__________youvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone2Isthisfactory______someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone3）Isthisthefactory__________heworkedtenyearsago?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone4）Doyoustillremembertheday_____wefirstmet?A.that  B.when  C.what D.onthat5）October1,1949istheday_____we’llneverforget.A.when  B.that    C.where D.inwhich6)October1,1949wastheday_____thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.A.which    B.when    C.where   D.inwhich7).Thisisthereason______hedidn'tcometothemeeting.A.inwhichB.withwhichC.thatD.forwhich四.非限制性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立.1.which\n引导的非限制性定语从句作用是说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分Unit8短语动词讲解A)动词+介词(of,after,for,about,at)名词，代词须放后面。常见的有：agreewith同意......的意见(想法);符合belongto属于waitfor/等候comefrom来自getto到达.....falloff(从......)掉下knockat/on敲(门、窗)laughat嘲笑lookafter照顾,照看lookat看;观看lookfor寻找looklike看起来像listento听......payfor(sth.)付钱;支付talkabout说话;谈话;谈论talkwith与......交谈thinkabout考虑askfor请求;询问B)动词+副词(up,down,away,out,off)名词可前可后，代词须放中间。常见的有：puton穿上;戴上;(戏剧等)上演;cutdown砍倒cleanup清除;收拾干净comedown下来;落comeout出来;出现;(花)开;发(芽)comeover过来;顺便来访dropoff放下(某物);下车eatup吃光;吃完falldown跌倒;从......落下findout查出(真相)getback回来;取回giveup放弃goover过一遍;仔细检handin交上来shutdown把......关上hurryup赶快lookout留神;注意lookover(仔细)检查lookup向上看;抬头看passon传递;转移到......pickup拾起;捡起putaway放好;把......收起来putdown把(某物)放下来putup挂起;举起tryon试穿(衣服、鞋等);试戴(帽子等)tryout试验;尝试turndown关小;调低turnon打开(电灯、煤气、自来等)turnoff关(电灯、收音机、煤气、turnover(使)翻过来wakeup醒来wearout把......穿旧;磨坏workout算出;制订出writedown写下runaway流失;逃跑;逃走setoff出发;动身;启程sendup发射;把......往上送tripover(被......)绊倒C)be+形容词+介词beangrywith对(某人)发脾\nbeangrywith对(某人)发脾beangrywith对(某人)发脾beangrywith对(某人)发脾akeoff脱掉(衣服)throwabout乱丢;抛撒takeout取出......气beinterestedin对......感兴趣beableto能;会beafraidof害怕beamazedat对......感到惊讶beexcitedabout对......感到兴奋befilledwith用......充满befullof充满......的begoodat(=dowellin)在......方面做得好;善于belatefor迟到bemadein在......生产或制造bemadeof由......组成;由......构成bepleasedwith对......感到满意beproudof以......自豪(高兴)beusedfor用于D)动词+名词/代词begone\'spardon请原谅;对不起domorningexercises做早操doone\'shomework做作业enjoyoneself(=haveagoodtime)过得快乐;玩得愉快giveaconcert开音乐会goboating去划船gofishing去钓鱼gohiking去徒步旅行goskating去滑冰goshopping(去)买东西haveacold(患)感冒haveacough(患)咳嗽haveaheadache(患)头痛haveatry尝试;努力havealook看一看havearest休息\nhaveaseat(=takeaseat)就坐;坐下havesports进行体育活动havesupper吃晚餐hearof听说holdasportsmeeting举行运动会makeadecision作出决定makeamistake犯错误makeanoise吵闹makefaces做鬼脸makefriends交朋友makemoney赚钱takeone\'splace坐某人的座位;代替某人的职务teachoneself(=learnbyoneself)自学takephotos照相taketime花费(时间)taketurns轮流watchTV看电视E)动词+名词/代词/副词+介词catchupwith赶上comeupwith找到;提出(答案、解决办法等)getonwellwith与......相处融洽givebirthto生(孩子)helpyourself/yourselvesto自取;随便吃makeroomfor给......腾出地方playajokeon戏弄人;对人恶作剧speakhighlyof称赞saygoodbyeto告别;告辞takeanactivepartin积极参加takecareof照顾;照料;注意F)其他类型beawake醒着的beborn出生bebusydoing忙着做......cometrue实现doone\'sbest尽最大努力fallasleep睡觉;入睡gohome回家goondoing(sth.)继续做某事;尽力getmarried结婚gettogether相聚\ngostraightalong沿着......一直往前走hadbetter(do)最好(做......)keepdoingsth.一直做某事makesure确保;确认;查明makeupone\'smind下决心赞同