2015初中宾语从句讲解及练习 8页

2014年版新目标英语初中宾语从句讲解及练习一、什么是宾语？宾语是谓语动词的一种连带成分，一般放在及物动词之后，和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。除及物动词有宾语之外，英语介词后面也要有宾语。另外，某些形容词如worth等后也可有宾语。例如“我找厂长”的“厂长”，“他开拖拉机”的“拖拉机”，“他说他不知道”的“他不知道”。宾语可以由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。当然,也可以由一个句子来充当,称为宾语从句。一个句子中不一定只有一个宾语。Sheisplayingthepianonow.她正在弹钢琴。（名词作宾语）Wealllikehim.（代词作宾语）Givemefour.(数词作宾语)Weallliketogotoschool.（不定式togotoschool作like的宾语。school作to的宾语）Wealllikeswimming.（动名词作宾语）Ithinkthatheisright.（宾语从句作宾语）HeaskedmewhatIwasthinkingaboutatthattime.(宾语从句作宾语)Thebookisworthreading.(动名词做宾语)二、什么是双宾语和复合宾语？有时候一个动词可以带两个宾语，如“教我们化学”的“我们”和“化学”。这两个词都是宾语，统称为"双宾语，即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。Myparentsboughtmeacomputer.我父母给我买了一台电脑。(me是间接宾语，computer是直接宾语)=Myparentsboughtacomputerforme.HegavemeabooklastSunday.=HegaveabooktomelastSunday.某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。而复合宾语的第一部分通常由名词或代词充当，第二部分用来补充说明第一部分的动作或身份、特征等，称为宾语补足语。宾语补足语有以下几类。1.由动词不定式充当。多数是带to的不定式，也有不带to的不定式。①.要求带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：tell，ask，invite，get，allow，wish，want，like，prefer，expect，encourage，advise，permit，order，warn等。如：Theyencouragedmetotryagain．他们鼓励我再次尝试。　　②.某些动词如make，have，let，see，hear，watch，notice，feel等后作宾语补足语的不定式不带to。如：Hemadeusstayfordinner．他使我们留下来吃饭。LetmeintroduceyoutoMissLi．让我介绍你和李小姐认识。2.由-ing形式或过去分词充当。8\n①.当宾语补足语的动作时由作宾语的名词或代词正在发出时，宾语补足语用-ing形式。如.Hecanhearhisheartbeatingfast．他可以听见自己的心脏跳得很快。Isawhimrunningoutoftheroomjustnow.　②.当宾语和宾语补足语是被动的关系时，宾语补足语用过去分词形式。如.：You'dbetterhavethedeskcleaned．你最好请人把课桌擦一下。　　3.由名词充当。某些动词call,name,make,think,find,consider,后接名词或代词作其语，再接名词作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语的身份。如：IcalledthiscatMimi.我把这只猫叫做咪咪。4.由形容词充当。某些动词如make，keep，find，like，等后接名词或代词作宾语，再接形容词作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语的状态、特征等。Youmustkeeptheclassroomclean．你应保持教室清洁。Weshouldkeepoureyesclosedwhenwedoeyeexercises.做眼保健操时，我们应该闭着眼睛。Thebadnewsmademeveryupset.这个坏消息让我非常沮丧。5.由副词或者介词短语充当宾语补足语。Ilikesleepingwiththelighton.我喜欢开着灯睡觉。Youletmedown.你让我失望。Iknowthisteacherwithabookinherhand.我认识手里拿着书的老师。三、什么是宾语从句？宾语从句是一种名词性从句，是一个句子作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。1.宾语从句的种类：根据引导宾语从句连词的不同，宾语从句可分为三类。①.由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。如:Hesays(that)heisastudent.Hesaid（that）hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesn'tknow（that）shehasleftherumbrellaatschool.Iamsure（that）hewillsucceed.②.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。不可以省略.8\n例如：Iwanttoknowif（whether）helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether（if）Icouldhelphim.下面五种情况只能用whether,不可以用if.1.和动词不定式连用时，只能用whether.如：Idon’tknowwhethertoleavehere.2.和ornot连用时，只能用whether,ornot可以放在句末。如：Shewantedtoknowwhethershewentthereornot.3.用在介词后面时，只能用whether.如：Iamworriedaboutwhetherwecanfinishtheworkontime.4.放在句首时，只能用whether,不能用if。如：Whetherthisistrueornot，Ican'tsay．这是否真的我说不上来。5.在动词discuss后面的宾语从句.例句：Wediscussedwhetherwehadasportsmeetingthenextweek.③.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分，不可以省略。如：Doyouknowwho（whom）theyarewaitingfornow?Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebestintheirclass.CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?Ididn'tknowwhythetrainwaslateagain.2.宾语从句的语序无论哪种形式的宾语从句，从句都必须用陈述句语序，即先主语后谓语动词。（把助动词will,have/has,would；情态动词can,may,must；be(am,is,are,was,were)动词放在主语之后；把助动词do,does,did都去掉，注意主句和从句的时态）Ihear(that)physicsisn’teasy.Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.CanyoutellmehowIcangettothezoo?Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhavethemeeting.HesaysthathewenthikinglastSunday.Hewondersifthereweremanypeopleworkingherejustnow.3.宾语从句的时态①.如果主句的谓语动词是现在时的某种时态（一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的谓语动词可根据实际情况使用相应的时态。如：Idon’tthink(that)youareright.Pleasetelluswhereheis.CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?②.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。如：Heaskedwhattimeitwas.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeeting.HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.8\nHesaid（that）therewerenoclassesyesterday.③.如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。例如：OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Scientistssaidthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.注意：宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如：Whowillgiveusatalk?Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhowillgiveusatalk.Doyouknow?Wheredoeshelive?→Doyouknowwherehelives?4.否定转移在宾语从句中，当主句的主语是第一人称，谓语动词是think,believe,suppose等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定形式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定。改成反义疑问句时，要看从句。其他的宾语从句变反义疑问句时，要看主句。Ithinkyouareright.Idon’tthinkyouareright.Ithinkyouareright,aren’tyou?Idon’tthinkyouareright,areyou?Shesaidthatshewentswimmingyesterday,didn’tshe？5.宾语从句的简化①当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：Shefoundthatthewalletwaslyingontheground.→Shefoundthewalletlyingontheground.②.当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymath.→Sheagreedtohelpmewithmymath.③.在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词＋不定式”结构。如：CanyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?→Canyoutellmehowtogettothestation?Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddo.=Idon’tknowwhattodo.Idon’tknowhowIshoulddoit.=Idon’tknowhowtodoit.6.宾语从句的被动语态Peoplesaythatheiskindtoothers.=Itissaidthatheiskindtoothers.7.if既能引导条件状语从句，又能引导宾语从句;when既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句，注意时态是不同的。如：Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwon’tcome.（时间状语从句）Idon’tknowifitwillraintomorrow.（宾语从句）8\nIwanttoknowifyouwillcomehereifitrainstomorrow.Idon’tknowwhenyouwillfinishtheworknextweek.Youcanletmeknowwhenyoufinishtheworknextweek.宾语从句专项巩固练习题：一、用合适的连接词填空。1.Jimtoldme____hedidn'tgofishingyesterdayafternoon.（how,why）2.Doyouknow______elseisgoingtobeondutytoday?（who,whom）3.Shesaid_____itwouldn'tmattermuch.（that,if）4.Healwaysthinks______hecandoitbetter.（how,who）5.Ireallydon'tknow________thebridgewillbefinished.（howlong,howsoon）6.Theydon'tknow_______togoorwait.（if,whether）7.Wearetalkingabout______we’llgobacktomorrow.（whether,if）8.Iwasreallysurprisedat______Isaw.（where,what）9.Idon'tknow____somanypeoplearelookingathim.（how,why）10.Doyouknow______youarestudyingfor?（why,what）二、用所给动词的正确形式填空：1.Iwon'treturnthebooktothelibrarybecauseI_______（notfinish）readingit.2.Assoonashesawme,he_______tospeaktome.（stop）3.Ihopehe_______（come）backinaweek.4.It_______（rain）hardwhenIgottothefactorythismorning.5.Theoldmantoldthechildren_______（notwalk）inthericefields.6.Hesaidthathe_________（finish）hisworkalready.7.Theythoughttheycould_______（hike）tothetopofthemountain.8.Ifit_______（notrain）tomorrow，we_______（visit）thePeople'sMuseum.9.John_______（write）somethingwhenI_______（go）toseehim.10.Ourteachertoldusthatlight_______（travel）muchfasterthansound.11.Thelittleboytellsuswherehisfather_______（work）.12.Mikeaskedmeifwe_______（ask）anyquestionsthenextclass.13.Willyoucomeandstaywithusforawhilewhenyou_______（finish）doingyourhomework？8\n14.MrWangdidn'tknowifthere_______（be）anEnglishpartythatday.15.Pleasetellmeifshe_______（come）againnexttime.16.Wearesurethathe________（go）toschooltomorrow.17.Doyouknowwho______（be）thefirstmantowalkonthemoon?18.Couldyoutellmewherethepostoffice______（be）?19.Ourfathersaidthathe_______（will）buyanewcomputer.20.Ihearthathe_______（swim）intheseayesterday.三、从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。（）1.Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake（）2.Catherinesaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergoneC.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen（）3.Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey___aP.Elessontomorrow.A.hadB.hasC.willhaveD.are（）4.SheaskedLindaif___goandgetsome.A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay（）5.Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.A.traveledB.hastraveledC.travelsD.hadtraveled（）6.Canyoutellme___youwereborn,Betty?A.ifB.whatC.whenD.that（）7.Idon'tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.A.whatB.ifC.whetherD.who（）8.Ihardlyunderstand___hehastoldme.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who（）9.Idon'tknow_____hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.A.whetherBwhereC.whatD.when（）10.Doyouknow_____theylistenedtoyesterdayevening?A.whatBwhenCwhyDhow（）11.Heaskedme_____toldmetheaccident.AwhomBthatCwhoDwhose（）12.Idon'tknow_____hewillcometomorrow._______hecomes,I'lltellyou．A.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If（）13.Idon'tknow_________thedayaftertomorrow.A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecomeC.ifhecomesD.whetherhe'llcome（）14.Couldyoutellme_________thenearesthospitalis?8\nA.whatB.howC.whetherD.where（）15.Couldyoutellme_________theradiowithoutanyhelp?A.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemendC.howhemendedD.whathemended（）16.Iwanttoknow_________.A.whomisshelookingafterB.whomsheislookingC.whomisshelookingD.whomsheislookingafter（）17.Doyouknowwhere_________now?A.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedinD.didhelive（）18.Doyouknowwhattime_________tomorrow?A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleaveC.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves（）19.Idon'tknow_________.Canyoutellme,please?A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayersC.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare（）20.Thesmallchildrendon'tknow_________.A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockingsC.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockings（）21.Ican'tunderstand_________.A.whatdoesChristmasmeanB.whatChristmasdoesmeanC.whatmeanChristmasdoesD.whatChristmasmeans（）22.Pleasetellme______lastyear.A.wheredoesyoursisterworkBwheredidyoursisterworkCwhereyoursisterworksDwhereyoursisterworked（）23.SheaskedmeifIknew______.A.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwasC.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasit（）24.Youmustremember________.A.whatyourmothersaidB.whatdidyourmothersayC.yourmothersaidwhatD.whathasyourmothersaid（）25.Heaskedhisfather_______.A.whereithappensB.wheredidithappenC.howithappenedD.howdidithappen（）26Couldyoupleasetellme___?A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijingB.whentheywouldleaveBeijingC.whentheywillleaveBeijingD.whendidtheyleaveBeijing（）27.—Wheredoyouthink_____he_____thecomputer?—Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A.／;boughtB.has;boughtC.did;buyD.does;buy（）28.Idon'tfeelverywell.Mumaskedme_____thismorning.8\nA.whatthematterisB.whatiswrongC.whatthematterwasD.whatwrongwas（）29.Ican'tunderstand______theboyalone.A.whysheleftB.whydidsheleaveC.whyshehadleftD.whyhadsheleft（）30.Idon'tknow________upsoearlylastSunday.A.whydidhegetB.whyhegetsC.whydoeshegetD.whyhegot四、按要求转换句型。1.DoesMr.BrownenjoylivinginChina?Couldyoutellus?（改写句子）→Couldyoutellus_________Mr.Brown_________livinginChina?2.Idon’tbelievetheywillcome,_____________?（改为反义疑问句）3.Jimisnotastudent.Tomisnotastudent,either.（合并为一个句子）_________Jim_________Tomisastudent.4.Whendoesthetrainleave?Iwanttoknow.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）Iwanttoknow_________thetrain_________.5.Theywenthomeaftertheyhadfinishedtheirhomework.(用not．．．until改写)They_________gohome_________theyhadfinishedtheirhomework．6.DidPetercomehereyesterday?LiLeiwantstoknow.(改为含宾语从句的复合句)LiLeiwantstoknow_________Peter_________hereyesterday.7.“Doyouwanttotryit?”Tom'smotheraskedhim.（同义句）Tom'smotheraskedhim____________________totryit.8.Ithinkthisisagoodidea.（改为否定句）I_______________this________agoodidea.9.Lucyhasn'tdecidedwhichtrouserstobuy.（改为复合句）Lucyhasn'tdecided________________________________buy.10.Idon'tknowhowIcangettothehospital.（改为简单句）Idon'tknow________________________tothehospital.8