初中定语从句专项讲解与练习 6页

第三讲：定语从句一，宾语从句回顾（宾语从句在句中充当宾语）1.由that引导的宾语从句。Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.2.when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句（宾语从句用陈述句语序）CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.中考提分宝典1.YourT-shirtissocool.Couldyoutellme________?A.whereyoubuyitB.wheredoyoubuyitC.whereyouboughtitD.wheredidyoubuyit2.—Excuseme.Couldyoutellme_____IcangettotheSpaceMuseum?--Ofcourse.YoucantakebusNo.1.A.whereB.howC.ifD.why3.—Doyouknow________thenewmobilephonelastweek?--Maybe900yuan.I’mnotquitesure.A.howmuchshepaidforB.howmuchwillshepayforC.howmuchdidshepayfor4.AliceinWonderlandisafantasticmovie.It’sabout______.A.howdidAliceendtheRedQueen’sreignofterror（恐怖统治）B.whatdidAliceendtheRedQueen’sreignofterrorC.howAliceendedtheRedQueen’sreignofterrorD.whatAliceendedtheRedQueen’sreignofterror5.-Doyouknow________lastnight?-Sorry,Idon’tknow.ButIthinkheshouldgotobedearlybecausehewillhaveanEnglishexamthisafternoon.A.whenhegoestobedB.whenhewenttobedC.whendidhegotobed6.Myphysicsteachersaidthatlight________fasterthansound.A.travelB.travelsC.traveled二、定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。（1）.引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where，when，why等。（2）关系代词的用法1.that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.\nThecoat（that）Iputonthedeskisblue.2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket. Thefilm（which）wesawlastnightwaswonderful.3.who，whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.Whoistheteacher（whom）LiMingistalkingto？注意：（1)但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.　（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor. （3）that作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如： Thecitythatshelivesinisveryfaraway.她居住的城市非常远（4）关系词只能用that的情况：  　a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如： Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.     b.被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything， anything，none，theone等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如　Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop？  c.先行词被theonly，thevery，thesame，thelast，little，few等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.  d.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which.例如： IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom. e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：      Whoisthegirlthatiscrying？ f.主句是therebe结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如： ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom. （5）关系词只能用which，而不用that的情况： a.先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that.例如：　What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？ b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：  Thisistheroominwhichhelives. c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.例如：　　Tomcameback，whichmadeushappy.  三、关系副词的用法（1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.这是他到达的时间。 （2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：\n Thisisplacewhereheworks.这是他工作的地点。 （3）why指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：  Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.注意：使用关系副词时，定语从句不缺主谓宾成分（这是决定使用关系代词和关系副词的决定因素）中考提分宝典1.-Doyouknowtheman______istalkingwithyourfather？ -Yes，he’sourheadmaster.  A.heB.WhoC.WhichD.whom2.Mr.LiisanEnglishteacher______lovedplayingsoccer.A.whoB.whomC.heD.which3.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity_____Iknow.  A.WhereB.WhichC.ThatD.it4.Canyoulendmethedictionary______theotherday？ A.thatyouboughtB.youboughtitC.thatyouboughtitD.whichyouboughtit5.Anyone______withwhatIsaid（宾语从句）mayputupyourhands.A.whichagreesB.whoagree　C.whoagreesD.whichagree*定语从句的主谓形式根据先行词来确定6.Mywatchisnottheonlything______ismissing.A.thatB.itC.whichD.who7.Theman______coatisblackiswaitingatthegateA.who’sB.WhoseC.thatofwhich.8.Thegirl______isreadingunderthetree _____mysister.A.which；isB.whom；wasC.who；isD.who；was9.Iloveplaces______thepeoplearereallyfriendly.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.who10.Theworld______ismadeupofmatter.A.inthatweliveB.onwhichwelive C.whereweliveinD.welivein*作宾语的先行代词可以取消11.Isthisthemuseum_____youvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone13.-Howdoyoulikethebook?-It’squitedifferentfrom_____Ireadlastmonth.（谁是先行词？）A.ThatB.WhichC.theoneD.theonewhat14.It’sthethirdtime_____latethismonth.A.thatyouarrivedB.whenyouarrivedC.thatyou’vearrivedD.whenyou’vearrived15.Heoftenhelpsthestudents_____hethinksarenotquickattheirstudies.A.WhomB.WhoC.whenD.because16.TheSecondWorldWar_____millionsofpeoplewerekilledendedin1945.A.whenB.duringwhichC.inwhichD.which\n17.Hewasbornintheyear_____theAnti-JapaneseWarbrokeout.A.whichB.whenC.onwhichD.duringwhich18.Thehotel_____duringourholidaysstandsbytheseaside.A.westayedatB.wherewestayedatC.westayedD.inthatwestayed19.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich20.Doyouknowtheman_______?A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke21.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayedC.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed22.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich23.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof______satasmallboy.A.WhomB.whoC.whichD.that24.Isthistheriver_____Icanswim？ A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.theone25.Wecalledtheman________hadpromisedtohelpus.A.heB.thatC.whomD.Which26.Thecoat_______heiswearingtodaywasboughtbyhisaunt.A.whatB.whereC.whoD.That27.Theplace_______heworksisinthefactory.A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.inwhere28.Thedoctor________wemetatthegateworksinthenearbyhospital.A./B.whoC.whichD.he29.That is the reason ________ he didn't come to your birthday.  A. why    B. that    C. which    D. When30.I'llneverforgettheday________Ijoinedthearmy.A.whereB.whenC.whyD.that31.Is_______someforeignersvisitedlastweek?A.thisfactoryB.thisthefactoryC.thisfactoryoneD.thefactorywhere32.Thisisoneofthebestfilms________thisyear.A.havebeenshowB.thathaveshownC.thathavebeenshownD.whichhasbeenshown33.Lucy'spetcatdied,_______madeherverysad.A.asB.whichC.thatD.whose34.Thefenceinourgarden,_______myfatherbuiltmanyyearsago,haslastedforalongtime.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.Where\n35.Look!Theboy______nameisSimonisplayingsoccerwithhisfriends.A.whoB.whoseC.whichD.whom课外练习（2013*成都）短文填空。从下面方框中选出10个单词，并将其正确形式填写在答题卡相应题号的位置上，使短文意思正确通顺（每词限用一次）。somebodyfeeldaysuccessfullylieyoupleasantdiscovercarefulloseinstructionembarrassOneday,astudentwastalkingwithaprofessor(教授),who’skindtothosewhowaitedonhis1._______.Astheywentalong,theysawapairofoldshoes2.___________onthepath(小路),which,theysupposed,belongedtoapoormanworkinginanearbyfield(田地).Hehadneatlyfinishedhis3.____________work.Thestudentcametoastop,andsaidtotheprofessor,“Let’splayahoaxontheman:wehidehisshoes,hideourselvesandwaittoseehow4._____________hewouldbewhenhefindsthathisshoesare5.__________.”“Myfriend,”answeredtheprofessor,“Weshouldneverenjoyourselveswhilemakingthepoorsad.Nowyouarerich,whynotgiveyourselfamuchgreater6._____________byhelpingthepoorman?Putacoinintoeachshoe,hideourselvesandseewhatwillhappentohim.”Thestudentdidso,andtheybothplacesthemselvesbehindthenearbytrees.Afterfinishinghiswork,thepoormancameacrossthefieldtothepath.Puttinghisfootintooneofhisshoes,hefeltsomethingunusual.Hestopped7._____________whatitwasandhefoundthecoin.Hetookoutthecoin,surprised,andlookedatit8.______________forawhile.Thenhelookedaround,but9._____________wasthere.Thenhestartedtoputontheothershoe.Hegotmuchmoresurpriseswhenhefoundtheothercoin.Thepoormanthenlookedupintotheskyandshouted“ThankYou!”Thestudentstoodtherewithtears(眼泪)inhiseyes.“Now,”saidtheprofessor,“aren’tyoumorepleasedthanifyouhadplayed10.__________plannedhoax?”“You’vetaughtmealessonwhichIwillneverforget,”answeredthestudent.补全短文。根据短文内容，从短文后的A-F选择中，选出5个适当的选项补全短文，并将代表句子的字母填写在答题卡相应的题号位置上。（共5小题，每小题1分；计5分）Thebest-lovedpiginHongKongiscalledMcDull.HismommakesawishthathewilllooklikeChowYun-fatorTonyLeung,butheiswell-knownonlybyabirthmarkaroundhisrighteye.Everythinghetries,hefails.HewantstobeanOlympicchampionofqiangbaoshan(抢包山),butthesportofcatchingthehottestbaozifromasmallmountaindoesn’treallyexist(存在),ofcourse.HedreamsofgoingtotheMaldives,butendsupononlyaone-daytourofaHong\nKonglandmark.1._________McDullwasatfirstasupportingcharacteriastoryabouthiscousinMcMug,asmartbabypigand“whatparentsexpectoftheirchildren.”Butinterestingly,thewooden-healedMcDullgraduallybecamemoreattractivewhenhetoldhisclassmatesthatifhebecametheclassmonitor,hewouldtreateveryonewithstrawberrycakes.McDulltriedtospeakoutonesentenceihisspeech,“Ifyouchooseme,youwillbe...painful.”Forhim,itlooksonlyalittlebitdifferentfroman“A”whenhegetsan“E”.2.____________3._____________InoneoftheMcDullmovies,hetalkstotheaudience(观众),“Isuddenlyrealizethatthereissomethingyoucannothave.Nonoodles,noMaldives,nogoldenmedal,nomoney...Actually,beingsillyisnotfunny---itcouldmeanfailure(失败).Beingfatisnotfunny.Beingfatdoesnotevenmeanyouarestronger.Disappointmentisnotfunny,either.WhenIgrowup,andfacethestrictworldthatisn’tfunny,whatshouldIdo?”Heisstillhappy,however.Healwaysstartsagainwithanewdreamwhenonefailshim.4._________ThepopularityofMcDullsometimesmakeshiscreatorAliceMarkconfused,whohassomesimplethoughts,suchasGodcreateshumans,becauseheloveshumansandhewantsthemtobehappy.“maybepeopleseethemselvesandtheirfriendsinMcDull.McDullmakespeoplerealizethattheyusedtobeassimpleandhappyashim.IfthereisathemeinalltheMcDullmovies,itisabouthowasimplepersonkeepshisorhersimplicityinaworldfullofproblems.5.____________”saysAliceMark.A.Thecartoonpigisnotsmart,either.B.That’swhybothchildrenandadultsfindMcDullcute.C.However,theslow,sillypighaswonoverHongKongpeople.D.Accordingtohisheadmaster,McDullisn’tthatsilly.He’sjusttookind.E.Thestoryismorethanitsfunnypoints.Itispleasantandsouratthesametime.F.Whathehasbeendoinginthemoviesistofindnewdreams,butmostofthemendupindisappointment.