初中宾语从句讲解练习及答案 10页

1．在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。eg,Hesaidhewasgoodatdrawing.(动词宾语)　　HeaskshimhowlongMikehasbeendown.(动词宾语)　　MissZhangisangryatwhatyousaid.(介词宾语)2．宾语从句的引导词有三类：(1)以that引导的宾语从句，主要用来引导句形式的宾语从句，that可以省略。eg,Theradiosays(that)thecloudswillliftlateron.　　Shetoldme(that)shewouldliketogowithus.(2)由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。从句是陈述语序　　eg,Couldyoutellmewhat'sthematterwithu?　　Iwanttoknowhowsoonitwillbegin.(3)以whether或if引导的宾语从句,If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”，主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序　eg,Iwonderif/whetheruhavetoldthenewtoLiLei.3．宾语从句的时态(1)当主句为一般现在时态、现在进行时态、或一般将来时态时，从句可用所需要的任何时态。eg,Iwanttoknowwhattimehegotupthismorning.Youaretellingmethatyouwon'tstopuntiltomorrow?(2)当主句为一般过去时态时，从句要用于过去有关的时态。　　eg,TheyaskedwhatJeanwasdoingnow.　　Lindasaidthatthetrainhadleft.(3)当从句表述的是客观真理或自然现象时，宾语从句要使用一般现在时。　　eg,Lisaaskedwhetherlighttravelsfasterthansound.　　Pollysaidnonewsisagoodnews注意：一般情况下，whether和if可以互用，但有些情况例外。　　1.当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether不用if\n　　eg,Wearetalkingaboutwhetherwe'llgoonthepinic.　　2.引导词与动词不定式或not连用时，只用whether.　　eg,Pleaseletmeknowwhattodonext.　　Couldyoutellmewhetherugoornot?③在不定式前用whether。如：Hehasn'tdecidedwhethertovisittheoldman．他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。Hehasn'tdecidedwhethertogobybusorbytrain．他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。④whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：Whetherthisistrueornot，Ican'tsay．这是否真的我说不上来。⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion．她是否能来还是个问题。⑥若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：Pleaseletmeknowifyoulikethebook．可理解为：b．Ifyoulikethebook，pleaseletmeknow．你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我3.if当如果讲时，引导的是条件状语从句，这时不能用whether.eg,Youcan'tworktheplanoutifyoudon'thavethemeeting.4.if引导否定概念的宾语从句时，这时不能用whether.HeaskedifIdidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.5.引导状语从句evenif（即使）和asif（好象）时，这时不能用whether.Hetalksasifhehasknownallaboutit.宾语从句的否定转移：当主句谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,expect等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。Idon’tthinkitisrightforhimtotreatyoulikethat.主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.Idon’tbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim,ishe?我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?\nIexpectourEnglishteacherwillbebackthisweekend,won'tshe/he?Wesupposeyouhavefinishedtheproject,haven'tyou?如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词(不包含带有否定前缀的词，如：unhappy，unfair，dislike等),其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.Wefindthatheneverlistenstotheteachercarefully,doeshe?我们发现他从不仔细听老师讲课，是不是？当主句的主语是第二、三人称时，其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。Yoursistersupposessheneedsnohelp,doesn'tshe?　　Youthoughttheycouldhavecompletedtheproject,didn'tyou?　　Theydon'tbelieveshe'sanengineer,dothey?Shedoesn'texpectthatwearecomingsosoon,doesshe?练习题(1)．Idon’tthinkheisright,_________?A．isn’theB．isheC．doID．don’tI(2).Hebelievessheisright,__________?A．doesn’theB．doesheC．issheD．isn’tshe(3).Ithoughtthathedislikedplayingfootball,__________?A．didn’theB．didheC．didID．didn’tI(4).Ifind_____importantthatwepracticeEnglisheveryday.A.itB.thisC.thatD.what (5).Youcan’timagine____whentheyreceivedthenicegift.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited在以下情况中that不能省略1、当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。Ibelieve（that）youhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillgetbetter．2、当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。JustthenInoticed,forthefirsttime,thatourmasterwaswearinghisfinegreencoatandhisblacksilkcap.3、当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。Ican’ttellhimthathismotherdied.4、当it作形式宾语时例句：Shemadeitclearthatshehadnothingtodowithhim．许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。5、当宾语从句前置时Thatourteamwillwin，Ibelieve．6、当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;\n　例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！　　1.Theteacheraskedthestudents________.　A.iftheywereinterestedindinosaursB.whenwasAlbertEinsteinborn　C.whattheywilldowiththecomputersD.howmanytreestheyhaveplanted　解析：宾语从句中从句应保持陈述语序，答案B首先删去，主句一般过去式，从句要用于过去有关的时态，删去答案C和D,答案A中的if意为如果.应选A　　2.Couldyoutellme_______?　　A.whatthematteriswithyouB.whatwasthematterwithyou　　C.hat'sthematterwithyouD.what'sthewrongwithyou.　　解析：what就是从句的主语，what'sthematterwithyou本身就是陈述语序，因此删掉A;主句可看作是委婉的请求，并是一般过去式，可删去答案B;wrong前不用加the,因此此题选C.　　3.Heaskedme_______Icouldsingthesong"MyHeartwillGoOn."　　A.ifB.weatherC.whatD.that解析：此句应选含有疑问意思的关系代词，故删去D；weather意为天气，根据句意应选A.　　4.Ourteachertoldusthatthemoon_________roundtheearth.　　A.wentB.turnedC.goD.turns　　解析：从句是一个客观真理，因此从句的时态不受主句影响。应选D　　5.Itmakesnodifference__________.A.whetherwillyoucometomorrow.　B.WhetherornotwillbepasstheexamC.IfhewillcometothemeetingornotD.Whetherhewillcometothemeetingornot解析：答案A和B从句不是陈述语序先删掉,if不能与not连用。因此此题选D　　6.Theydon'tknow_______theirparentsare.　　A.thatB.whatC.whyD.which　　解析：what表示职业，因此选B.　　7.Iamsure_______yousaidistrue.　　A.whatB.thatC.whichD.who\n　　解析：根据句意应用what,做said的内容，你所说的话。应选A.　　8.Theoldmantoldus_______and________.　　A.todowhat,todohowB.whattodoit,howtodoit　　C.whattodo,howtodoitD.whattodo,howtodo　解析：疑问词what即连接不定式，又做do的宾语；而在how引导的不定式短语中，how表示方式，do为及物动词，因此需接宾语才正确　应选C　　练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！　1.---DoyouknowwhentheWorldCup________nextweek?---NextFriday.Whenit________,Iwillringyou.A.begins,beginsB.begins,willbeginC.willbegin,willbeginD.willbegin,begins　2.---Todayortomorrow?---Whatareyoutalkingabout?---Wearetalkingabout_______togiveatalkonWTO.A.howB.whereC.whenD.what　3.Iwonder_________.A.wheredoesheliveB.whereheliveC.heliveswhereD.wherehelives　4.---Areyousureyouhaveto?It'sbeenverylate.　　---Idon'tknow_____Icandoitifnotnow.　　A.whereB.whyC.whenD.how　　5.---Wouldyoupleasetellme_________?　　---InasmallvillagenearNiingbo.　　A.wherewasyourmotherbornB.whereyourmotherwasborn　　C.whenwasyourmotherbornD.whenyourmotherwasborn　　6.Thephotographwillshowyou________.　A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslike　　C.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike　　7.---Canyouguessifthey_______toplaybasketballwithus?\n　　---Ithinkthey'llcomeifthey_________free.A.willcome,willbeB.willcome,areC.come,areD.come,willbe　　8.---Wheredoeshecomefrom?---Pardon?　　---Iaskedwhere_________.　　A….didhecomefromB.hecamefrom　　C.hecomesfromD.doeshecomefrom　　9.Shewondered__________.A.howmuchhecostthecomputerB.howmuchhepaidforthecomputerC.howmuchthecomputerwillcosthimD.howmuchdidhespendonthecomputer　　10.---Doyouknow________?　　---I'mnotsure.Maybeheisabusinessman.A.whoheisB.whoisheC.whathedoesD.whatdoeshedo　(二).宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：Ihear(that)physicsisn’teasy.CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?(四).直接引语与间接引语引述别人的原话叫直接引语，用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。这两种引语都是宾语从句，但直接引语放在引号内，不用连词连接；间接引语不用引号，通常用连词与主句联接。直接引语变间接引语：1、变人称（动词的变化可根据实际情况，可用say,tell,ask,beg等）①如果从句中的主语时第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句的人称变化。Shesaid,“Mybrotherwantstogoshoppingwithme.”Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogoshoppingwithher.②如果从句中的主语或宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。HesaidtoKate,“Howisyoursisternow?”HeaskedtoKatehowhersisterwasthen.Hesaid,“Youaretooclever.”HesaidtomeIwastooclever.Hesaidhewastooclever.\nHeasked,“Isyourfatherolderthanyourmother?”Heaskedmeifmyfatherisolderthanmymother.③如果从句中的主语或宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。Mr.Smithsaid,“Jack(he)isagoodstudent.”→Mr.SmithsaidJack(he)wasagoodboy.2、变时态主句时态为一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时态要做相应的变化：一般现在时变为一般过去时,现在进行时变为过去进行时,一般将来时变为过去将来时现在完成时变为过去完成时,一般过去时变为过去完成时,过去完成时仍为过去完成时过去进行时仍为过去进行时某些代词，限定词，表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规则如下：　　　直接引语　　　　　　　　　　　　　间接引语　　　today　　　　　　　　　　　　　　thatday　　　now　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　then,atthatmoment　　　yesterday　　　　　　　　　　　　thedaybefore　　　thedaybeforeyesterday　　　　　twodaysbefore　　　tomorrow　　　　　　　　　　thenextday/thefollowingday　　　thedayaftertomorrow　　　　　twodaysafter,/intwodays　　　nextweek/monthetc　　　　　　　thenextweek/monthetc　　　lastweek/monthetc　　　　　　　theweek/monthetc.before　　　here　　　　　　　　　　　　　　there　　　this　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　that　　　these　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　those　　　come　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　go　　　bring　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　take以下情况时态不变主句时态为各种现在时或一般将来时Hesays,“Icleanedtheroom.”→Hesayshecleanedtheroom.直接引语是客观真理Theteachersaid,“Theearthmovesaroundthesun.”→Theteachersaidtheearthmovesaroundthesun.直接引语中的情态动词没有过去式或已为过去式Thedoctorsaid,“Youshouldstayinbedfor2days.”→ThedoctorsaidIshouldbetterstayinbedfor2days.直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语Jacksaid,“IwasbornonApril21,1980.”→JacksaidhewasbornonApril21,1980.⑤直接引语如果是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变成间接引语时态不变。\nHesaid,“Igetupatsixeverymorning.”→Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning.3、变状语时间状语变化：now变为then；yesterday变为thedaybefore;today变为thatday.Hesaid,“Iwanttogoswimmingnow.”→Hesaidhewantedtogoswimmingthen.地点状语变化(尤其表示方向性的)：here变为thereHesaid,“Youshouldcomehereat7:00.”→HesaidIshouldgothereat7:00.指示代词变化：this变为thatHesaid,“Thisbookismine.”→Hesaidthatbookwashis.4、变句型①陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句。Hesaid,“I’mveryglad.”→Hesaidthathewasveryglad.一般疑问句变为以if(whether)引导的宾语从句。Hesaid,“Canyoucomethisafternoon,John?”→Heaskedif(whether)Johncouldcomethatafternoon.特殊疑问句变为由who,what,when等疑问句引导的宾语从句。Hesaid,“WhereisMr.Wang?”→HesaidwhereMr.Wangwas.直接引语是祈使句变为tell（ask,order,beg等）sb.(not)todosth.句型“Openthedoor,please,”saidshe.(Marysaid)→Sheaskedhim(me)toopenthedoor.直接引语是let’s开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动名词或从句Hesaid,“Let’sgotoseethemovies.”→Hesuggestedgoingtoseethemovies.→Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethemovies.练习一、单想选择1.Doyouknow_______duringthecomingsummerholiday?A.whatwillTomdoB.whatdidTomdoC.whatTomwilldoD.whatTomdid2.Iwanttoknow_________.A.whatishisnameB.what’shisnameC.thathisnameisD.whathisnameis3.Doyouknow________Icouldpasstheexam?A.thatB.whetherC.whatD.which4.Jimdoesn’tunderstand____________.A.whichisthewaytothemuseumB.whyhiswifealwaysgoesshopping\nC.whatisthewaytothemuseumD.whydoesshealwaysgoshopping5.---Couldyoutellme______sheislookingfor?A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.which6.Mr.Kingdidn’tknow_______yesterdayevening.A.whendoeshissoncomehomeB.whenhissoncomeshomeC.whendidhissoncomehomeD.whenhissoncamehome7.Couldyoutellme_______thebikethismorning?A.howdoeshemendB.howhemendsC.howhemendedD.howdidhemend8.---I’mwaitingforthemail.Doyouknow________itwillarrive?---Usuallyitcomesby4:00.A.howB.whereC.whenD.what9.---Excuseme,wouldyoupleasetellme________?---Certainly.Gostraightalonghere.It’snexttoahospital.A.howwecangettothepostofficeB.howcanwegettothepostofficeC.howgettothepostofficeD.howcouldwegettothepostoffice10.---CanIhelpyou?---Yes.I’dlikeatickettoMountEmei.Canyoutellme______taketogetthere?A.howsoonwillitB.howsoonitwillC.howlongitwillD.howlongwillit11.Hewantedtoknow___________.A.whetherhespeaksatthemeetingB.whenthemeetingwouldstartC.whathe’sgoingtodoatthemeetingD.wherewouldthemeetingbeheld12.---Couldyoutellme_________theBambooGarden?---Thedayaftertomorrow,Ithink.A.whenwillyouvisitB.whenyouwillvisitC.whenwouldyouvisitD.whenyouwouldvisit13.Wouldyoupleasetellme_________next,MrWang?A.whatshouldwedoB.weshoulddowhatC.whatweshoulddoD.shouldwedowhat14.Youcan’timagine_________whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited15.Iwanttoknow________youwillcomebackat8:00tomorrow.A.thatB.whenC.whereD.whether16.---Couldyoutellme____________?\n---Sorry,Idon’tknow.Iwasnotatthemeeting.A.whatdoeshesayatthemeetingB.whatdidhesayatthemeetingC.whathesaysatthemeetingD.whathesaidatthemeeting17.---Couldyoutellme_________lastnight?---Er,IwaswatchingEuro2004athome.A.whatyouweredoingB.whatwereyoudoingC.whatyouaredoingD.whatareyoudoing18.Theteacheraskedthestudents__________.A.iftheywereinterestedindinosaursB.whenwasAlbertEinsteinbornC.whattheywilldowiththecomputersD.howmanytreestheyhaveplanted19.Everymorningthepatientsareaskedif________theirtemperaturetaken.A.theyhadhadB.havetheyhadC.theyhavehadD.hadtheyhad20.It’suptoyoutodecide_______you’llgothere,byairorbyroad.A.howB.whyC.thatD.when二.根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子1.李明说他对玩电脑游戏感兴趣。LiMingsays____________________interestedinplayingcomputergames.2.我认为玛丽不回来了。Idon’tthinkMary__________________.3.山姆给我说他准备去上海。Samtoldmethathe____________________forShanghai.4.请你告诉我去钟楼怎麽走吗？Couldyoutellme__________IcangettotheBellTower?6.我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。Iwanttoknow____________thereisatraintoBeijing.7.你知道一个双人间多少钱吗？Doyouknow___________________adoubleroom?8.请你告诉我我们外出多长时间好吗？Couldyoutellme____________we’regoingtobeaway?9.叔叔说他正在写一本新小说。Unclesaidthathe___________________anewnovel.10.杰克说他有重要事情要做。Jacksaidhe__________somethingimportanttodo.直接引语与间接引语练习请将下面的直接引语变成间接引语：1．“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.Hesaidthat_________never_________meat.2.“Ihavefoundmywallet.”hesaidtome.He_________methathe___________________________wallet.