初中短文填空技巧及练习 9页

中考短文填空解题技巧I．首字母填空题解题技巧字母填空题主要考察学生正确理解和书写英语单词。解答这种题需要平时扎实地打好基础，单词拼写要过关，善于分析句子结构，熟练各种词形首的变化，动词时态形式的变化，非谓语动词的运用等，另外，掌握必要的阅读技巧，也很重要。一．跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意根据首字母填空的题型，实际上相当于完形填空，必须先快速通读全文，尽量理解文章的主要内容，再仔细揣摩需要填词的句子，只有完全理解全句的意思，才能准确填写单词。二.复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。1．利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义.2．再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正确形式。例如，单，复数、形容词，副词的级别、时态、语态、语气及非谓语动词的形式等，要特别注意时态的呼应及主谓一致。三．.通读短文，检查答案。II、动词填空题解题技巧动词填空主要用来测试考生对动词和非谓语动词形式、语态及主谓一致等知识的掌握情况。因此，掌握好动词的各种形式及其用法是做此类题的关键。我们可以从以下几方面着手：\n一、确定正确的时态1．根据句中的时间状语来确定时态。例如，现在完成时的时间状语：already,yet,ever,never,just,before,for,since+时间点；since+过去时态的句子,sofar,bynow,in/duringthelast/pastfewyearsetc2．注意时态呼应。在主从复合句中，主句谓语与从句谓语动词的时态是相互照应的。1）在宾语从句中，如果主句是一般现在时，从句根据需要选用任何时态；如果主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去的某种时态；如果从句表达的是一个客观事实不管主句是何种时态，从句仍用一般现在时。2）在状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，或是祈使句，或是含情态动词的句子，时间和条件状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作。3．根据上下文确定时态。有时句子没有明显的时间状语，也不能用时态呼应规则来对照，这时就可以根据上下文内容来判断时间关系，确定时态。如：如：“You’vecertainlytouchedmyheartwithyourchoices.AndI’msuretheFiveFriendlies_____(touch)theheartoftheworld.”句意是“你以你的选择已经震撼了我的心，我相信这五个福娃将会给世人带来震撼。”后句是笔者对美好事物的祝愿，所以应用一般将来时。\n二、确定正确的语态我们在考虑时态的同时，也要考虑语态。当句子的主语是谓语动词动作的承受者时，用被动语态；反之用主动语态。如：“They_______(choose)carefullybyBeijing2008torepresent….注意：不及物动词或相当于不及物动词的短语动词（如listen，sleep，takeplace,happen，getup，growup，breakout，comein等）没有被动语态。如Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthelastfewyears.Thewarbrokeoutmanyyearsago．但是，当“不及物动词＋介（副）词”构成的短语动词其作用相当于及物动词时，则有被动语态。Thechildrenarelookedafterwell．三、确定非谓语动词的形式如果所给的动词在句子中不作谓语，就应该考虑用动词的非谓语动词形式。1．want，hope，wish，decide，wouldlike，agree,learn,plan,choose,manage,offertodo2．在enjoy，finish，mind，bebusy，beworth，feellike，what／howabout，can'thelp，practice，havefun／problems,miss,giveup,suggest,lookforwardto,succeedin,payattentionto,keep,beworth,allow-ing\n3．tell,ask,order,encourage,advise,teach,want,wish,allowsbtodo4.remember,forget,stop,try,mean,love,like,need,goon,continue,beusedtodo/doing5.感官动词和使役动词feelsbdo/doinglistento,hearsbdo/doingmake,let,havesbdo(havesthdone)lookat,watch,see,noticesbdo/doing在被动语态中用todo短文填空训练：ATangLingoftensmokedcigarettes(香烟)inhisschool’swashingroom.Hestartedsmoking76theageof14.OnedayhelearntthattheNBAstarYaoMing,anambassador(大使)totheChineseAssociationonTobaccoControl(中国控烟协会),askedpeoplenottosmoke.YaoMingwasTang’sfavoritestar,77hiswordsmeantalottohim.Hedecidedto78upsmoking.AccordingtotheChineseAssociationonTobaccoControl,about350millionChinesesmoke.Among79,50millionareteenagers.SunJiangpingofBeijingUniversitysaid,“Teenagerscangetcigarettes\n80,especiallywhentheirparentssmokeorshops81cigarettestothem.It’sveryimportant82parentstohelptheirchildrenstopsmoking.”A15-year-oldboynamedLiKunfromBeijingsaidhis83didn’tsmoke.Becausetheythoughtsmokingcouldmakepeoplefeelbadlyill,theyonlyallowedhimtoplaywithfriendswithoutsmoking.LivinginsuchagoodfamilyhelpedLisay84tocigarettes.SomeofhissmokingclassmatesoncetoldLithatsmokingmadeboyslook85,butLidisagreed.Hesaid,“Smokingisunhealthyandit’snotcoolatall.Pleasestopsmokingnow!”76.___________77.___________78.___________79.___________80.___________81.___________82.___________83.___________84.___________85.___________BAboutthreeyearsold,Ifeltverylonely.Ididn’tlikemyclassmates,myparentsoranyoneelse.Myclassmatesdidn’twanttotalk___77____meandmyparentswerealwayssayingthatotherkidswerebetterthanme.IthoughtIwasthe___78____unluckypersonintheworld.OnedayIhadabigfightwithoneofmyclassmates.Iwassoangry__79__Ihithimintheface.Justatthatmoment,aboystoodupand\n___80___thefight.Hewasthemonitorofourclass.Afterthat,heoftenhelpedmeandwebecamegood___81___.WheneverIgotangryorsad,hewouldhelp___82___tocooldown.Mylifebegantochangebecauseoftheboy,mybestfriend.Wespentalotofinterestingdaystogether.As___83___goesby,Ihavebecomehappierwithpeopleandthings.Andit___84____thatpeoplearoundmehavechanged,too.Myparentsdon’tshoutatme___85____moreandmyclassmatesbecomefriendlytome.ButnowIcan’tseemybestfriendbecauseheisseriously___86___andisstayinginhospital.HowImissthedayswhenweweretogether!Ihopehewillbeallrightandcomebacktoschoolsoon.77.___________78.___________79.___________80.___________81.___________82.___________83.___________84.___________85.___________86.___________CWhatcanyoudotokeephealthy?Perhapsforchildren,healthyeatingisoneofthemostimportantthings.Herearesomeideasabout77toeathealthily.HavingbreakfastAgoodbreakfastisveryimportanttochildren.It’snecessarytohave\nitinthe78.Butsomechildrenoftengotoschool79breakfast，justbecausetheywanttosleepalittlelonger.Rememberthatagoodbreakfastwillhelpyoustudybetter.Havingmilk“MydreamisthatalltheChinesechildrencangethalfakilogram(公斤)ofmilkaday.”TheChinesePremier(总理)WenJiabaosaidthisduringhis80toamilkfarm.Milkisalsoveryimportanttochildren’shealth.Itmakeschildrengrowstronger.It’sbetterforyouto81aglassofwarmmilk82goingtobed.Thatwillhelpyouhaveagoodsleep.HavinghealthyfoodHavinghealthyfoodisthemostimportant.Thatmeanseatinglotsofdifferent83offood,especiallyfruitsandvegetables.Don’teattoomuchchocolate84ice-cream.Someofyou85eatingfastfood,butinfactitisnotgoodforyourhealth.Trytoeathealthyfoodasmuchas86Havehealthyeatinghabits,andyouwillhaveastrongbody.77.78.79.80.81.82.83._______84._________85.86.DAndywasborninChina15yearsago．In2005,she77totheUSAwithherfamily．Asahighschoolstudent，shehasfoundmanydifferences78ChineseandAmericans：\nAboutmoney1)Americansliketospend79thantheyhave，somanyofthemarealwaysindebt(欠债)．ButChineseusuallyspendlessthantheyhave,somany0fthemalwayshave80leftinthebank．2)TheAmericankidsthemselvesmaketheirownmoney．MostChinesekidsalways81theirparentsformoney．3)ManyAmericanparentsthinkthereis82needtosendtheirchildrent0anexpensiveuniversity．It’sdifferentinChina．ManyChineseparentswoulddoanythingtosendtheirchildrentoexpensiveuniversities83theirfamilyisn’trichenough．Aboutschool1)ManyAmericangirlstakepartinsports，dancingandsinginggroupswhilemanyChinesegirlstakepartinstudygroups．2)ManyAmericanstudentsthinkthatBisagirlwhilemanyChinesestudentsthinkthatBistoo84．AboutfriendsMostAmericanparentslettheirsonsordaughtersmakefriendsby85.TheyneveraskthemabouttheirfriendswhileChineseparentsusuallyenjoyknowingmoreabouttheirchildren’sfriends86manydifferentways，andusuallystopthemfromstayingouttoolatewithfriends．\n77.___________78.___________79._________80.___________81.__________82.___________83.___________84._________85.___________86.__________