【初中】初中虚拟语气讲解及专项练习与答案 6页

虚拟语气讲解语气(mood)是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。直陈语气(indicativemood),表示所说的话是事实。祈使语气(imperativemood),表示所说的话是请求或命令。虚拟语气(subjunctivemood),表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一.虚拟语气在条件句中的应用学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。如：Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,Iwillgoforapicnic.假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。Oilfloatsifyoupouritonwater.你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。条件从句主句与现在事should（would,might，could）If主语+动词过去式（be的过去式用were）实相反+动词原形与过去事should（would,might，If主语+had+过去分词实相反could）+have＋过去分词与将来事If主语+动词过去式（be的过去式用should（would,might，could）实可能相were）；should＋动词原形；wereto＋动词原+动词原形反形1.与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were),主句的谓语用should（would,might，could）+动词原形。如：Ifitwerenotraining,weshouldgoforapicnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。（事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。）Ifhecamehere,hemightbeabletohelpyou.如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。（事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。）1精品学习资料可选择pdf第1页，共6页-----------------------\n2.与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用should（would,might，could）+have＋过去分词。如：Shewouldhavegonetothepartyifshehadbeeninvited.要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。（事实是：当时没有人邀请她，因此，她没有来参加聚会。表示后悔。）Ifshehadn'tcalledme,Iwouldhaveoversleptthismorning.今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。（事实是：她今天早上叫我了，我没有睡过头。表示感激。）3.与将来事实可能相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were)；should＋动词原形；wereto＋动词原形，主句用should（would,might，could）+动词原形。如：IfIweretobetwentyyearsoldnextyear,IwouldtakethecourseofFrench.明年我要是二十岁，我就会学法语。（事实是：我现在已经老了，明年我学不了法语了。）Ifitshouldfail,Iwouldtryagain.要是失败了，我会再试一次。（事实是：有可能失败，可我会再试。表示未知。）虚拟语气专练1.Ienjoyedthemovieverymuch.IwishI_____thebookfromwhichitwasmade.A.havereadB.hadreadC.shouldhavereadD.arereading2.Youarelate.Ifyou_____afewminutesearlieryou_____him.A.come,wouldmeetB.hadcome,wouldhavemetC.come,willmeetD.hadcome,wouldmeet3.Thetwostudentstalkedasifthey_____friendsforyears.A.shouldbeB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen4.ItisimportantthatI_____withMr.Williamsimmediately.A.speakB.spokeC.willspeakD.tospeak5.Helookedasifhe_____illforalongtime.A.wasB.wereC.hasbeenD.hadbeen6.Ifthedoctorhadcomeearlierthepoorchildwouldnot_____.A.havelaidtherefortwohoursB.havebeenliedtherefortwohoursC.haveliedtherefortwohoursD.havelaintherefortwohours7.IwishthatI_____withyoulastnight.A.wentB.couldgoC.havegoneD.couldhavegone2精品学习资料可选择pdf第2页，共6页-----------------------\n8.Let’ssayyoucouldgothereagainhow_____feelA.willyouB.shouldyouC.wouldyouD.doyou9.Ican’tstandhim.Healwaystalksasthoughhe_____everything.A.knewB.knowsC.hasknownD.hadknown10._____thefogweshouldhavereachedourschool.A.BecauseofB.InspiteofC.IncaseofD.Butfor11.IfyouhadtoldmeinadvanceI_____himattheairport.A.wouldmeetB.wouldhadmetC.wouldhavemetD.wouldhavemeet12.Mikecantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhe_____mehow.A.teachesB.willteachC.hastaughtD.wouldteach13.IwouldhavetoldhimtheanswerhaditbeenpossiblebutI_____sobusythen.A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.wouldbe14.He’sworkinghardforfearthathe_____.A.shouldfallbehindB.fellbehindC.mayfallbehindD.wouldfallenbehind15.Ifit_____anothertenminutesthegamewouldhavebeencalledoff.A.hadrainedB.wouldhaverainedC.haveseenD.rained16.Hesuggestedthatthey_____useatrickinsteadoffighting.A.ShouldB.wouldC.doD.had17.MyfatherdidnotgotoNewYorkthedoctorsuggestedthathe_____there.A.notwentB.won’tgoC.notgoD.nottogo18.IwouldhavegonetothemeetingifI_____time.A.hadhadB.havehadC.hadD.wouldhavehad19.WouldyouratherI_____buyinganewbikeA.decidedagainstB.willdecideagainstC.havedecidedD.shalldecideagainst20.Youlooksotiredtonight.Itistimeyou_____.A.gotosleepB.wenttosleepC.gotobedD.wenttobed21.—Whydidn’tyoubuyanewcarIwouldhaveboughtoneifI_____enoughmoney.—A.hadB.havehadC.wouldhaveD.hadhad22.Ifshecouldsew_____.A.shemakeadressB.shewouldhavemadeashirtC.shewillmakeashirtD.shewouldhadmadeacoat23._____todayhewouldgettherebyFriday.A.WouldheleaveB.WasheleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleaves24.Hisdoctorsuggestedthathe_____ashorttripabroad.A.willtakeB.wouldtakeC.takeD.took25.TheBakersarrivedlastnight.Ifthey’donlyletusknowearlier_____atthestation.3精品学习资料可选择pdf第3页，共6页-----------------------\nA.we’dmeetthemB.we’llmeetthemC.we’dhavemetthemD.we’vemetthem26.IfI_____youI_____moreattentiontoEnglishidiomsandphrases.A.was,shallpayB.am,willpayC.wouldbe,wouldpayD.were,wouldpay27.Wemighthavefailedifyou_____usahelpinghand.A.havenotgivenB.wouldnotgiveC.hadnotgivenD.didnotgive28.Thelawrequiresthateveryone_____hiscarcheckedatleastonceayear.A.hasB.hadC.haveD.willhave29.Itisstrangethathe_____so.A.wouldsayB.wouldspeakC.shouldsayD.willspeak30.HadIknownhername_____A.ordoessheknowmineB.andwheredoessheliveC.shewouldbebeautiful.D.Iwouldhaveinvitedhertolunch.31.Hehasjustarrivedbuthetalksasifhe_____allaboutthat.A.knowB.knowsC.knownD.knew32.IfI_____themoneyIwouldhaveboughtamuchbiggercar.A.possessedB.ownedC.hadD.hadhad33.Hewasverybusyyesterdayotherwisehe_____tothemeeting.A.wouldcomeB.cameC.wouldhavecomeD.willcome34.ThelibrarianinsiststhatJohn_____nomorebooksfromthelibrarybeforehereturnsallthebookshehasborrowed.A.willtakeB.tookC.takeD.takes35.IleftveryearlylastnightbutIwishI_____soearly.A.didn’tleaveB.hadn’tleftC.haven’tleftD.couldn’tleave36.Idonothaveajob.IwouldfindonebutI_____notime.A.hadB.didn’thaveC.hadhadD.have37.Iwishthatyou_____suchabadheadachebecauseI’msurethatyouwouldhaveenjoyedtheconcert.A.hadn’tB.didn’thavehadC.hadn’thadD.hadn’thave38.Heinsistedthatweall_____inhisofficeatoneo’clock.A.beB.tobeC.wouldbeD.shallbe39.--Helencouldn’tgotoFranceafterall.--That’stoobad.I’msureshewouldhaveenjoyeditif_____.A.she’sgoneB.she’llgoC.she’dgoneD.she’dgo40.Imustgothereearlier.JohnhassuggestedthatI_____anhourbeforethediscussionbegins.A.goB.shallgoC.willgoD.wouldgo4精品学习资料可选择pdf第4页，共6页-----------------------\n1—5BBDAD6—10DDCAD11—15CDCAA16—20ACAAD21—25DBCCC26—30DCCCD31—35DDCCB36—39DCAC解析：1.wish后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。2.条件句表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时，从句用过去完成时。3.asif后面如果表示真实情况就不用虚拟。4.Itisimportantthat是主语从句的虚拟语气，从句用sb.shoulddo的形式。5.asif后面是真实情况，不虚拟。6.lain是lie的过去分词，表示“躺”。7.couldhavedone表示“本来可以”。8.与将来相反的虚拟语气，主句用过去将来时。9.asif表示不可能发生的事情时用虚拟语气。10.butfor表示“要不是⋯⋯的话”，通常与虚拟语气搭配使用。11.inadvance表示“事先”，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。12.wish的宾语从句表示发生在将来的愿望用过去将来时。13.but的并列句表示真实情况，不用虚拟语气。14.forfearthat后面的状语从句用sb.shoulddo的形式。15.表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时，从句用过去完成时。16.suggest后面的宾语从句用sb.shoulddo的形式。17.suggest后面的从句用sb.shoulddo的形式，should可以省略。18.表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。19.wouldrather的宾语从句用sb.did的形式。20.Itistime后面的定语从句用sb.did的形式。21.第一个had是过去完成时，第二个had表示“有”。22.wouldhavedone是过去将来完成时，表示与过去相反的虚拟语气。23.这是虚拟语气的倒装形式，把if去掉，助动词提前。5精品学习资料可选择pdf第5页，共6页-----------------------\n24.suggest后面的从句用sb.shoulddo的形式，should可以省略。25.表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时。26.在虚拟语气中，不管什么人称，be动词都要用were的形式。27.表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。28.require后面的从句用sb.shoulddo的形式，should可以省略。29.Itisstrangethat是主语从句的虚拟语气，从句用sb.shoulddo的形式。30.hadIknown是与过去相反的虚拟语气的倒装形式。31.asif表示不可能发生的事情时用虚拟语气。32.第一个had是过去完成时，第二个had表示“有”。33.otherwise经常可以搭配虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反。34.当insist表示“坚持认为”时不用虚拟形式。35.wish后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。36.but的并列句表示真实情况，不用虚拟语气。37.wish后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。38.当insist表示“坚持要求”时从句用虚拟形式。39.表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。6精品学习资料可选择pdf第6页，共6页-----------------------