初中定语从句详解及练习附答案 21页

--定语从句详解及练习附答案第一局部:根底知识〔一〕．定语从句概述定语可以由形容词，代词，数词，名词，不定式，介词短语来充当。如果是一个句子担任定语，那么这个句子就叫做定语从句，又可称为形容词性从句。定语从句通常修饰某一名词或代词，被定语从句修饰的这一名词或代词叫先行词，它位于定语从句之前，定语从句在先行词后面，应尽量紧跟先行词。定语从句的作用即在于对先行词进展限定说明或补充说明。〔二〕．定语从句的引导词。定语从句的引导词分为两类，关系代词〔that,which,who,whom,whose〕和关系副词〔when,where,why〕，引导词在先行词和定语从句之间，既起连接作用，即连接先行词和定语从句，更重要的是，它又在定语从句中作一个成分。〔三〕．关系代词1.that指人，物，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语。ThisisthephotothatItookinthecountry.HeisthesingerthatImetyesterday.2.which指物，在从句中作主语，宾语，在非限定定语从句中充当定语，或者代替前句Thefilmwhichwesawlastnightwasmoving.3.who指人，在从句中作主语，宾语。Thepersonwhovisitedourclassroomyesterdaywasournewheadmaster.ThemanwhoyoujusttalkedtoisTom.4.whom指人，在从句中作宾语。Thatistheprofessorwhomyouwanttoknow...word.zl\n--5.whose指人，物，在从句中作定语，相当于先行词+’s,后接一名词。Iknowtheboywhoseparentsaredead.Idon’tlikethosecitieswhoseroadsaredirty.注：关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。〔四〕．关系副词关系副词在从句中作状语，有时相当于介词+which，其中which指代先行词不可以指示整个句子。when指时间，在从句中作时间状语，相当于at/on/in/duringwhich.I’llneverforgetthedaywhen(onwhich)IreachedthetopoftheHuangshanMountain.where指地点，在从句中作地点状语，相当于at/in/to/which.Thisistheschoolwhere(atwhich)Istudied.why指原因，在从句中作原因状语，相当于forwhich.That’stherealreasonwhy(forwhich)hewaslate.第二局部：关系代词的特殊用法关系代词指物时,用that而不用which的情况:1.先行词为something,anything,nothing,everything以及all,much,little,alot,none,few等不定代词时。Eg:MymotherwassoproudofallthatIdidt2.先行词有thelast,thevery,theonly以及all,much,few,no,any,little等修饰时。e.g.ThisistheverybookthatI’mlookingfor.3.先行词为序数词、形容词最高级(或所修饰)时。e.g.ThisisthemostexcitingfilmthatI’veeverseen...word.zl\n--WhenpeopletalkaboutHangzhou,thefirstthatestotheirmindistheWestLake.4.thesame修饰先行词时,定语从句要用that或as引导,但意义不同。e.g.ThisisthesamewatchasIlostlastSunday.(表示一样但并非同一)ThisisthesameknifethatIusedyesterday.(表示就是那个)6.Therebe后面的定语从句多用that引导,不用which。e.g.There’saseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.7.句子前面出现了who,which时,后面的定语从句用that引导。e.g.Theybuiltafactorywhichmadesomenewproductsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.Whoisthemanthatyouweretalkingaboutjustnow?8.关系代词在定语从句作表语时,常用that,而不用which、who。e.g.Myhometownisnotthesmallvillagethatitwas10yearsago.Tomisn’tthemanthatheusedtobe9.先行词既有人又有物时,只能用that。e.g.DoyourememberthebookanditsauthorthatappearedonTVlastSunday(二)关系代词指人时,有时只用who,而不用that。1.先行词为指人的代词one,those,theman,以及人称代词如he等。e.g.Thosewhoareoftenlateforschoolshouldbepunished.Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.2.先行词为someone(somebody),noone(nobody),anyone(anybody),everyone(everybody)。..word.zl\n--e.g.Anyonewhowouldliketoattendthepartyshouldeontime.3.先行词指人时,如有序数词,最高级,thevery,theonly,thelast等修饰,定语从句既可用that也可用who引导。e.g.Heisthefirststudentwho/thatworkedouttheproblem.(三)关系代词whose的用法：1.whose在从句中作定语，表示“先行词的…〞，既可指人，也可指物。e.g.Johnismybestfriend,whosefatherisascientist.Theoldmanlivedinthehousewhosewindowwasbroken.Theboss,inwhosepanymyfatherworked,wasveryfriendlytotheworkers.2.whose可以转换为ofwhich〔物〕和ofwhom〔人〕。e.g.1)Thedictionarywhosecoverismissingismine.(划线局部可改为thecoverofwhich或ofwhichthecover)2)TheyalsoinvitedMrWang,whosecarwasstolenlastSunday.(划线局部可改为thecarofwhom或ofwhomthecar)(四)which的特殊用法：1.关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句,有时不是修饰某个先行词,而是指代主句的全部或局部容。特别注意，非限定定语从句中prep+which时，which只能指代先行词，不可以指代句子。e.g.1)InChina,yousometimesgetahotdampclothtocleanyourfaceandhands,which,however,isnotthecustominwesterncountries.Helenoftencamelate,whichmadetheclassteacherangry...word.zl\n--2.which有时可在定语从句中作定语,含义上相当于指示代词this/that。e.g.1)HestayedinEnglandfor5years,duringwhichtimehelearnedEnglishwell.2)Itmayrainhardtomorrow,inwhichcaseIwon’tgofishing.注意：which的这种用法与whose作定语不同。whose表示“先行词的…〞。e.g.They’retalkingaboutafilm,whosenameIhaveforgotten.3.以介词结尾的动词不定式作定语时,可借关系代词which把介词前置。e.g.1)TomorrowwouldbeChristmasDay,andshehadonly$1.87withwhichtobuyJimapresent.32Thosepoorpeoplehadnohousestolivein/inwhichtolive.注：如果先行词指人，关系代词用whom。e.g.IwanttofindapersontotraveltoEnglandwith/withwhomtotraveltoEngland.(五)关系代词as的用法：1.引导限制性定语从句：领先行词有such,so,thesame等修饰时,关系代词要用as；as在从句中可作主语，宾语和表语。e.g.1).Ihaveneverseensuchakindgirlassheis.2).Heissuchagoodteacher(sogoodateacher)aseverystudentrespects.比拟：Heissuchagoodteacher(sogoodateacher)thateverystudentrespectshim...word.zl\n--(此句为such/so…that引导的结果状语从句)3).Suchastudentasoftenstudieshardissuretopassthisexam.4).HeboughtthesamebikeasIdidlastweek.区别thatIdidlastweek2.引导非限制性定语从句：as不修饰某个先行词，而是指代主句的全部或局部容，可译为“这一点，此事；正如〞，或不译。这种从句可位于句首、句中或句尾。常见于asweallknow,ashasbeensaidabove，asisusual，asisoftenthecase,aseverybodycansee,asisknowntousall等构造。e.g.1).Hehaspassedtheexam,asisapleasuretous.2).Asweallknow,theearthmovesaroundthesun.3).Thisexperiment,asyouhadexpected,succeededatlast.3.如前所述,which也可引导这种从句,两者常可互换。(非限定性定语从句谓语句末且指代前面的主句)e.g.1〕.Thosetwostudentsarewearingthesameclothes,which/asisveryinteresting.2〕.Theycametothepartyontime,as/whichhadbeenexpected.但在以下两种情况下有区别：1).as从句可位于句首(或主句前),而which从句只能在主句后。e.g.____isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As2).关系代词作主语时,如果从句的谓语是及物动词+宾语的构造,那么只能用which。..word.zl\n--e.g.Hisfatherdiedinatrafficaccident,whichmadeusgreatlysurprised.3〕当which在从句中指代的事先行词而不是主句，只能用whiche.g.Thecar,whichwesawontheplayground,isMike’s.第四局部：关系副词的特殊用法关系副词when,where,why的用法：1.关系代词(which/that)与关系副词(when,where,why)的选取方法：领先行词是定语从句中的主语或宾语时，选用关系代词。关系代词指代先行词，并代替先行词在从句中作主语或宾语。如果先行词不是定语从句中的主语或宾语,先行词前面需要加上一个介词才能在从句中作成分的时候,选用关系副词。关系副词在从句中作状语，常可转换为“介词+which〞。e.g.1)Doyourememberthedaywhich/thatwespentinthemountainvillage?Doyourememberthedaywhen(=onwhich)wevisitedthemountainvillage?2)Thisisthefactorywhich/thatwevisitedlastyear.Thisisthefactorywhere(=inwhich)heworkedlastyear.3)Wedon’tbelievethereasonwhich/thathegaveforhisinglate.Wedon’tknowthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hehaschangedhismind.2.关系副词where的从句还可以修饰point，situation，case，activity,scene,stage等地点意味不明显的先行词。关系副词when的从句可以修饰occasion,stay等时间意味不明显的先行词。关系副词why只修饰reason这一个先行词。e.g.1)Nowyoucanseewe’veetothepointwhereachangeisbadlyneeded...word.zl\n--2)Todaywe’lldiscusssomecaseswherebeginnersofEnglishfailtouseitproperly.3)Therearefewoccasionswhenmystudentscan’tunderstandwhatIteachinclass.3.when和where在少数情况下可作介词宾语。e.g.1).Thenaughtyboywashiddenbehindthedoor,fromwherehesawhismotherwalkingintothehouse.〔where指代behindthedoor。不能换为which，因为which只能指代thedoor〕2).TheywenttoAmericanthreeyearsago，sincewhentheyhavelivedthere.(when指代threeyearsago。不能换为which，因为which只能指代threeyears=andsincethen)(二)that在有些句型中可视为关系副词：1.way后面的定语从句常用that或inwhich引导,但可省略。e.g.Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)youspeaktoyourparents.Theway(inwhich/that)heworkedontheproblemwaswrong.注：如果way在从句中作主语或宾语,应该用关系代词which/that。e.g.Heexplainedtheprobleminawaythat/whicheveryonecouldaccept.2.Itis(about,high)timethat…(正)是……的时候了。that从句中常用一般过去时,that在口语中可省略。e.g.Itwashightimethatwestoppedpollution.Itistimethatyouhadlunchnow.比拟：Therewasatimewhen(duringwhich)wewereshortofoil...word.zl\n--3.Thisisthefirst(second,…last)timethat…(从句中常用完成时态)e.g.Thisis/willbethelasttimethatIhaveetoChina.ItwasthefirsttimethathehadbeeninvitedtoChina.第五局部：定语从句有关要注意的问题(一)关系代词作主语时,要注意从句中谓语动词的单复数。1.先行词只有oneof修饰时,从句谓语用复数。e.g.HeisoneofthestudentsinourclasswhohavebeentoHainan.Thisisoneofthebestbooksthatwerewrittenbythewriter.2.oneof前有the,theonly，thevery，thefirst时,从句谓语用单数。e.g.Tomistheonly/veryoneoftheboyswhoknowsthetruth.(二)定语从句的隔离现象：1.定语从句和先行词之间有时会被状语,定语或者其他成分隔开,要注意找准先行词。e.g.ThefilmbroughtthehoursbacktomewhenIwastakengoodcareofinthatvillage.Istherearestaurantaroundwherewecanhavelunch?(aroundadv.在周围)Thedaysaregonewhenweusedforeignoil.(主句谓语较短,隔开先行词与定语从句)2.定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的后面有时会出现插入语。e.g.1)HeisthemanwhoIthinkisfitforthejob.2)---Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto?---Right,justtheone______youknowIusedtoworkforyears.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what(三)定语从句中有时会使用倒装语序：e.g.Threedayslater,wefoundanoldhouse,infrontofwhichstoodabigtree...word.zl\n--Finallytheyclimbedupthemountain,abovewhichappearedabeautifulrainbow.(四)注意区别定语从句和其他从句：1.区别where引导的定语从句和地点状语从句。(最明显的区别是定语从句一定有先行词)e.g.Afterthewar,anewschoolwasputupwheretherehadoncebeenatheatre.(状语从句)Anewschoolwasputupattheplacewheretherehadoncebeenatheatre.(定语从句)2.区别“介词+which〞的定语从句和“介词+what〞的宾语从句。e.g.1)Thisisthepanyinwhichheworkedthreeyearsago.(which引导定语从句)2)Amoderncityhasbeensetupin____wasawastelandtenyearsago.(what宾语从句)A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where3.区别that的定语从句和同位语从句。e.g.Thenewsthathewonthematchmadeusexcited.(同位语从句)Thenews(that)hetoldusmadeusveryexcited.(定语从句)同位语从句中that不作句子成分,但不能省略，去掉that从句仍然完整。定语从句中that是关系代词，可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。几个习题1.Meetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment,_____Iwillalwaystreasure...word.zl\n--A.thatB.itC.oneD.what此时，one是分句的先行词，同时one是moment的同位语2.Thebookwaswrittenin1946,______theeducationsystemhaswitnessedgreatchanges.A.whenB.duringwhichC.sincethenD.sincewhen此时when相当于in1946,最简单的说法就是andsincethen,andsincethe/thisthat=which定语从句易错分析之所以在经常出错，主要是对定语从句的理解不够深刻，分辨不出主句和从句，对句子成分的把握也不到位，搞不清关系代词或关系副词在从句中充当何种句子成分。所以要做好这一类题，要首先弄清关系代词和关系副词的用法，而且应善于分辨和分析句子构造及其相应成分，这样才能对症下药，快速准确地找到瓿之所在定语从句练习题及配套参考答案共50题1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich2.Doyouknowtheman_______?A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke3.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayedC.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed4.Doyouknowtheyear______theChinesemunistPartywasfounded?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich..word.zl\n--5.Thatistheday______I'llneverforget.A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when6.Thefactory______we'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich7.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_______weareworking.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there8.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______.A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshownC.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked9.Canyoulendmethebook___theotherday?A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalkedC.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked10.Thepen______heiswritingismine.A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich11.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof______satasmallboy.A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that12.Theengineer______myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.A.towhomB.onwhom..word.zl\n--C.withwhichD.withwhom13.Itthereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry?A.whoB.who'sC.whichD.whose14.I'minterestedin______youhavesaid.A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.which15.Iwanttousethesamedictionary______wasusedyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as16.Heisn'tsuchaman______heusedtobe.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as17.HeisgoodatEnglish,______weallknow.A.thatB.asC.whomD.what18.LiMing,______totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwentC.withwhoIwentD.Iwentwithhim19.Idon'tlike______asyouread.A.thenovelsB.thesuchnovelsC.suchnovelsD.samenovels20.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what21.Theletterisfrommysister,______isworkinginBeijing.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who22.Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsof____arewomen.A.themB.whichC.whomD.who..word.zl\n--23.You'retheonlyperson______I'veevermet______coulddoit.A.who;/B./;whomC.whom;/D./;who24.Ilostabook,_____Ican'tremembernow.A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat25.LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,______Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.A.forwhichB.forthatC.inwhichD.what26.Ihaveboughtsuchawatch_______wasadvertisedonTV.A.thatB.whichC.asD.it27.Icanneverforgettheday_______weworkedtogetherandtheday______wespenttogether.A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when28.Theway______helooksatproblemsiswrong.A.whichB.whoseC.whatD./29.Thisisthereason______hedidn'tetothemeeting.A.inwhichB.withwhichC.thatD.forwhich30.Thismachine,______formanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.A.afterwhichIhavelookedB.whichIhavelookedafterC.thatIhavelookedafterD.Ihavelookedafter..word.zl\n--31.Thereason______hedidn'tewas______hewasill.A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what32.Heisworkinghard,______willmakehimpassthefinalexam.A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.who33.Thatisnottheway______Idoit.A./B.whichC.forwhichD.withwhich34.Ihavetwogrammars,___areofgreatuse.A.allofwhichB.eitherofwhichC.bothofthatD.bothofwhich35.Iwanttousethesametools_______usedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.A.aswasB.whichwasC.aswereD.which36.Myneighboursusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,___wasverykindofthem.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.it37.Thisisthemagazine_______Icopiedtheparagraph.A.thatB.whichC.fromthatD.fromwhich38.Heisnotsuchaman_______wouldleavehisworkhalfdone.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as39.Youcandependonwhateverpromise_______hemakes.A./B.whyC.whenD.whose40.Smoking,_______isabadhabit,is,however,popular.A.thatB.whichC.itD.though..word.zl\n--41.---Didyouasktheguard____happened?---Yes,hetoldmeall_______heknew.A.what;thatB.what;whatC.which;whichD.that;that42.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_______Ilivedonthefarmwiththefarmers,_______hasagreateffectonmylife.A.when;whoB.that;whichC.which;thatD.when;which43.Thenumberofthepeoplewho_______cars_______increasing.A.owns;areB.owns;isC.own;isD.own;are44.Duringthedays________,heworkedasaservantattheBrowns.A.followedB.followingC.tofollowD.thatfollowed45.Isoxygentheonlygas__helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it46.Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,_______hecouldsee_____wasgoingoninsidehouse.A.which;whatB.throughwhich;whatC.throughthat;whatD.what;that47.Is__someGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?A.thisschoolB.thistheschoolC.thisschooloneD.thisschoolwhere..word.zl\n--48.Johngotbeateninthegame,_______hadbeenexpected.A.asB.thatC.whatD.who49.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,_______writeswell.A.noneofthemB.neitherofthemC.neitherofwhichD.noneofwhich50.Allthatcanbeeaten_______eatenup.A.arebeingB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.havebeen参考答案及解析1.A.which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。2．C."和谁讲话〞要说speaktosb.此题全句应为DoyouknowthemanwhomIspoketo.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。3.D.where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。4.C.when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。5．A.which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。6．C.解析同第5题。7.A.解析见第3题。8.A.本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态havebeenshown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，那么theone应该视为先行词。9.A.“谈到某事物〞应说talkaboutsth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。10.A.with..word.zl\n--which是"介词+关系代词"构造,常用来引导定语从句.with有"用"的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that.withwhich在定语从句中作状语,即heiswritingwithapen.11.C.infrontofwhich即infrontofafarmhouse.Infrontofwhich在从句中作状语.12.D.withwhom引导定语从句.withwhom放在从句中即为:myfatherworkswiththeengineer.13.D.whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语.14.A.that引导定语从句,因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导.15.D.thesame……..as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语.16.D.such………as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在此题中,as作表语.17.B.as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语.18.B.LiMingenjoyeditverymuch是主句,withwhomIwenttotheconcert是定语从句.withwhom放在从句中为:IwenttotheconcertwithLiMing.19.C.as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或thesame…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时,要用sucha……..,此题中suchbooks,such直接修饰复数名词.20.B.things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that.21.D.who引导非限制性定语从句,who作从句的主语.22.C.twothirdsofwhom即:twothirdsofthe2,000workers...word.zl\n--23.D.先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为,whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句whocoulddoit.who在从句中作主语,不可省略.24.A.whosetitle引导非限制性定语从句,whosetitle也可以说成thetitleofwhich25.A.forwhich引导定语从句,使用介词for,是来自于从句中的固定短语befamousfor"以……..而闻名".26.C.领先行词被such修饰时,引导定语从句的关系代词要用as.As在本从句中作主语.27.A.两个先行词theday都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when.第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句.28.D.在way、distance、direction等词后的定语从句中，常用that来代替“in(或其他介词)+which〞、when或where，而that常可省略。29.D.forwhich在定语从句中作原因状语,可用why来替代.30.B.whichIhavelookedafter构成一个非限制性定语从句.31.A.Thereasonwhy…wasthat….已成为一种固定句型，这一句中的why和that不能随意换位，也不能将that改成because，尽管that这个词在译文中可能有“因为〞的含义。32.B.非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.33.A.解释见28题.34.D.主句中的two说明不能选A.从句中的are说明不能选B.bothofwhich用来引导非限制性定语从句.35.C.as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或thesame…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。此题中as作从句的主语.36.B.非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义...word.zl\n--37.D.38.D.解析见35题.39.A.hemakes是定语从句,从句前省略了关系代词that.40.B.whichisabadhabit非限制性定语从句.41.A.whathappened是宾语从句.all之后thatheknew是定语从句.先行词是all,所以关系代词只能用that.42.D.years是表示时间的名词,用when引导定语从句,是因为when在从句中作时间状语.第二个空选用which,引导一个非限制性定语从句.43.C.本句话的定语从句是whoowncars.其先行词是people,因此,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数的own。本句话主句的主语是Thenumberof指“…..的数目〞，是单数概念。因此，主句的谓语动词要用is。44.D.thatfollowed是定语从句，关系代词that在从句中作主语。45.A.先行词gas被only修饰，关系代词要用that，而不用which。46.B.throughwhich引导定语从句，throughwhich即throughthehole,在定语从句中作状语。What引导的是see的宾语从句，并作从句的主语。47.B.为便于理解，改写本句话：ThisistheschoolthatsomeGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek.不难看出，作表语的theschool是先行词。that引导了定语从句，因为that同时又作visited的宾语，所以被省略了。其它选项构造不对。48.A.解释见35题。49.C.因为是twoballpens,并且定语从句的谓语writes是单数概念。因此，C是正确选项。50.B.本句话中，主句的主语是all,为抽象概念。因此，其谓语应用单数的hasbeen。关系代词that引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。..word.zl\n--..word.zl