初中被动语态讲解及练习 4页

被动语态一、概念：语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。二、主动句变为被动句的步骤：1.把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语2.把动词变为被动形式即be+过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。3.原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。4.其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。三、被动语态的用法：1.一般现在时的被动语态构成：is/am/are+及物动词的过去分词Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.Mymotherasksmetostudyhard.2.一般过去时的被动语态构成：was/were+及物动词的过去分词Anewshopwasbuiltlastyear.3.现在完成时的被动语态构成：has/have+been+及物动词的过去分词Thisbookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.Manyman-madesatelliteshavebeensentupintospacebymanycountries.4.一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+be+及物动词的过去分词Anewhospitalwillbebuiltinourcity.Manymoretreeswillbeplantednextyear.5.含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词Youngtreesmustbewateredoften.Yourmistakesshouldbecorrectedrightnow.Thedoormaybelockedinside.Yourhomeworkcanbehandedintomorrow.6.现在进行时的被动语态构成：am/is/are+being+及物动词的过去分词7.不定式的被动语态：to+be+及物动词的过去分词Therearetwobookstoberead.Therearetwentymoretreestobeplanted.3.感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to，但变为被动语态时，须力口上to。例：makesomebodydosomethingfsomebody+be+madetodosomethingseesomebodydosomethingfsomebody+be+seentodosomethingAgirlsawmywalletdropwhenshepassedby.fMywalletwasseentodropbyagirlwhenshepassedby.Thebossmadethelittleboydoheavywork.fThelittmadoytwadoheavyworkbytheboss.4.如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，可以使用直接宾语也可以使用间接宾语作被动语态句子的主语。使用直接宾语（物）作主语时，要在动词后加上介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。Hegavemeabook.fAbookwasgiventomebyhim.Heshowedmeaticket.fAticketwasshowntomebyhim.Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.fAnewbikewasboughtformebymyfather.5.一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。第4页\nWecan'tlaughathim.fHecan'tbelaughedatbyus.Helistenstotheradioeveryday.fTheradioislistenedtobyhimeveryday.Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman.fThesickmanisbeingtakencareofbythenurse.不用被动语态的情况1)不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态(即多数的瞬间动词)：appear,die(死亡'disappear(消失),end(vi.结束)，fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,standbreakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.如：Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.比较：rise,fall,happen是不及物动词；raise,seat是及物动词。(错)Thepricehasbeenrisen.(^)Thepricehasrisen.(错)Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.(^)Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.(错)Thepricehasraised.(^)Thepricehasbeenraised.(错)Pleaseseat.(^)Pleasebeseated.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watch,agreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto如:Thiskeyjustfitsthelock.被动语态练习一、选择题()1.anewlibraryinourschoollastyear?A.Is;builtB.Was;bulitC.Does;buildD.Did;build()2.Anaccidentonthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened()3.CottoninthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow()4.Sofar,themoonbymanalready.A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited()5.AtalkonChinesehistoryintheschoolhallnextweek.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.gives()6.Howmanytreesthisyear?A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.planted()7.Alotofthingsbypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone()8.NeitheroftheminChina.A.ismadeB.aremadeC.weremadeD.made()9.Look!Anicepictureforourteacher.A.isdrawingB.isbeingdrawnC.hasbeendrawnD.draws()10.Yourshoes.Youneedanewpair.A.wearoutB.wornoutC.arewornoutD.isworn()11.Thedoctorforyet.A.isn'tsentB.hasn'tbeensentC.won'tbesentD.wasn't第4页\nsent()12.--When___thiskindofcomputers?--Lastyear.A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used()13.TheGreatWallallovertheworld.A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown()14.Iinsummer.A.bornB.wasbornC.havebeenbornD.amborn()15.HesaysthatMrZhangtothefactorynextweek.A.issentB.wouldsendC.wassentD.willbesent()16.Whothisbook?A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.did;writtenD.was;written()17.Maryshowmehernewdictionary.A.hasaskedtoB.wasaskedtoC.isaskedD.asksto()18.AstorybyGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus()19.Themonkeywasseenoffthetree.A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump()20.Theschoolbag___behindthechair.A.putsB.canbeputC.canbeputtedD.canput()21.Olderpeoplewell.A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter()22.Ourteachercarefully.A.shouldbelistenedtoB.shouldbelistenC.belistenedD.islistened二、将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词。1.Wecanfinishtheworkintwodays.Theworkintwodays.2.TheyproducesilkinSuzhou.SilkinSuzhou.3.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.AnEnglishsongbythechildren.4.Youneedn'tdoitnow.Itbyyounow.5.LucysentmeaNewYearCardlastweek.ANewYearCardherbymelastweek.6.Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.Metalformakingmachines.7.Hemademedothatforhim.Ithatforhim.7.1havegiventhisbooktothelibrary.Thisbooktothelibrary.9.Didtheybuildabridgehereayearago?abridgeherebythemayearago?10.We'llputonanEnglishplayinourschool.AnEnglishplayoninourschool.11.MoreandmorefarmersbuycolorTVsets.ColorTVsetsmoreandmorefarmers.12.Mybrotheroftenmendshiswatch.Hiswatchbymybrother.13.Wemustwatertheflowerseveryday.Theflowersmust(byus)everyday.14.Theyuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knivesforcuttingthings.15.Hemadethefarmersworkforalongtime.Thefarmersforalongtime.16.Didhebreakthewindowyesterday?thewindowyesterday?17.Theyhavesoldoutthelightgreendresses.Thelightgreendressesout.18.Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroomeveryday.19.Youmustnotplanttreesinverydryearth.Treesinverydryearth.20.Youcandigaholeintheearth.AHoleintheearth.三、用动词的正确语态填空。1.Thestudentsoften(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.2.Thatplay(put)onagainsometimenextmonth.3.Theoldmanisill.He(mustsend)tothehospital.4.Vegetables,eggsandfruits(sell)inthisshop.第4页\n1.Whataknife(make)of?It(make)ofmetalandwood.2.APianoconcert(give)herelastFriday.3.themagazine(cantake)outofthelibrary?4.Theroom(clean)bymeeveryday.5.Thestars(cansee)inthedaytime.6.Someflowers(water)byLiMingalready.7.Thesekindsofmachines(make)inJapan.8.Apples(grow)inthisfarm.9.Russian(learn)asthesecondlanguagebysomestudentsinChina.10.Planes,carsandtrains(use)bybusinesspeoplefortravelling.11.Thecinema(build)in1985.12.Thebike(mustnotput)here.13.Abeautifulhorse(draw)byJohnnextday.14.Thiskindofmachine(canmade)byuncleWang.15.Mr.Green(open)twonewschool.16.ThePLA(found)onAugust1st,1927.17.18.第4页