初中被动语态讲解与练习 5页

暑假英语上课讲义初中英语被动语态小结一.语态概述语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：语态和语态0如果主语是动作的执行者要用语态;如果主语是动作的承受者，则用语态。二.被动语态构成：1.——般现在时：am/is/are+done2.一般过去时：was/were+done3.一般将来时:will/shallbe+done4.现在进行时：am/is/arebeing+done5.过去进行时：was/werebeing+done6.现在完成时：have/hasbeen+done7.过去完成时:hadbeen+done8.情态动词：must/may/might+bedone.三、被动语态的用法（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如:Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道电脑是谁偷的）Thisbridgewasfoundedin1981这座桥竣工于1981（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如:TheglasswasbrokenbyMik破璃杯是迈克打破的。Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim.这本书是他写的。Yourhomeworkmustbefinished0ntime.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。四、主动语态变被动语态的方法（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be+过去分词）（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：Allthepeoplelaughedathim.Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.Theymakethebikesinthefactory.►五、含有情态动词的被动语态一►含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由"情态动词+be+过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后"to"仍要保留。Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.Theyshoulddoitatonce.Itshouldbedoneatonce.六、特殊情况1.不及物动词无被动语态。Whatwillhappenin100years.Thedinosaursdisappearedabout65millionyearsago.2.一些动词如sell（销售），wash（洗）,clean（打扫），burn（燃烧）,cook（煮）等与副词如well（好）,easily（容易地），perfectly（十分地）等连用，描会事物的特性，用主动表被动，结构是主语+动词+加副词。例如：Thebooksellswell.这种书很畅销。Theseclotheswasheasily.这些衣服很易洗。3.使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式（makehearnoticeseelet庄动语态中不带to，但变为被动语态5\n暑假英语上课讲义时，须加上to。HeletDamingdohishomework一Damingwaslettodohishowerk.HesawDamingdohishomeworkfDamingwasseentodohishomework.1.主动表被动：1、Need,want,require（要求，需要），deserve®^得，值得），beworth值得），notbear（经不住）后面接doing主动表被动。Thebookisworthreading.这本书值得一读。Theoldbuildingrequiresrepairing.这座古建筑需要修了。5、系动词没有被动形式，但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste（吃起来）,sound所起来），prove（证明是）,feel（摸上去感到），look（看起来），smell（闻起来）等,例如：Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.你的理由听起来彳艮合理。Goodmedicinetastesbittertothemouth.良药苦口。6有些动词可以带双宾语在用于被动结构时，主动结构中的间接宾语变为主语时，直接宾语仍然保留在谓语后面；直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前通常加上介词for/to★HegaveBettyabook.7.一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。Wecan'tlaughathim.fHecan'tbelaughedatbyeusstenstotheradioeveryday.fTheralistenedtobyhimeveryday.Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman.fThesickmanisbeingcareofbythenurse.初中英语被动语态专项练习()1ThePeople'sRepublicofChinaonOctober1,1949.A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound()2EnglishinCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken()3ThisEnglishsongbythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung()4ThiskindofcarinJapan.A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade()5Newcomputersallovertheworld.A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused()6Ourroommustclean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep()7-I'dliketobuythatcoat.-I'msorry..A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold()8Anewhouseatthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding()9ThekeyonthetablewhenIleave.A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft()10Doctorsineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed()11Hisnewbooknextmonth.5\n暑假英语上课讲义A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished()12Japaneseineverycountry.A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking()13Thesepapersyet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten()14Thesportsmeetbehelduntilnextweek.A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't()15-Myshoesarewornout.A.Can'ttheybemended?B.Letmehavealookatit.C.Howmuchdotheycost?D.Can'ttheymended?()16thewatchbeenrepairedyet?Ibadlyneedit.A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are()17thesedesksbeneeded?A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do()18Whytotalkaboutityesterday?A.didn'tameetingholdB.wasn'tameetingheldC.wasn'theldameetingD.ameetingwasn'theld()19Whowasthebook?A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby()20WheretheseboxesA.wasB.wereC.isD.am()21Theflowersoften.A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater()22Thebooksmayfortwoweeks.A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow()23ThebrokenbikeherebyMrSmith.A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemended()24Theoldbridgeinmyhometownnextmonth.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willrebuiltC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.aregoingtorebuilt()25TheplayatthetheatrenextSunday.A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownC.willshowD.isshown()26Theoldstonebridgenextweek.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willberebuildC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.willrebuild()27Nowthesemagazinesinthelibraryforalongtime.A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept()28Thepotforhotwater.A.used;keepingB.wasused;keepingC.isused;tokeepD.areused;keep()29TeainthesouthofChina.A.growsB.isgrownC.weregrownD.willgrow()30Thebridgestwoyearsago.A.isbuiltB.builtC.werebuiltD.wasbuilt()31Wetclothesareoftenupnearafireinrainyweather.A.hangB.hangedC.hangingD.hung5\n暑假英语上课讲义()32Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemustdirtythingsintoit.A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowingC.stoptothrowD.stopfromthrowing()33Theteapotwater.A.isfilledwithB.filledofC.fullingofD.filled()3401dpeoplemustbelookedafterwellandpolitely.A.speaktoB.spokenC.speakD.spokento()35Oldpeoplemust.A.lookafterwellB.belookedwellafterC.lookedwellafterD.belookedafterwell()36Newly-bornbabiesinhospital.A.aretakengoodcareB.aretakengoodcareofC.takegoodcareofD.takegoodcare()37Theywereatthesuddennoise.A.frighteningB.frightenedC.frightenD.frightens()38Thesewallsstone.A.aremadeofB.madeofC.aremadeintoD.madeinto()39JanetosingusanAmericansonglastSaturday.A.calledB.wasaskedC.toldD.wassaid()40Thepaperstothem.A.wereshownB.showC.shown/D.haveshown()41Thecoathersister.A.madetoB.weremadeforC.wasmadeforD.wasmadeto()42IfiveminutestodecidewhetherIshouldgoornot.A.gaveB.wasgivingC.hadgivenD.wasgiven()43Goodcaresuchthings.A.shouldtakeofB.shouldbetakenC.shouldbetakingD.shouldbetakenof()44Shewillgoodcare.A.take;ofB.betaken;ofC.take;foryouD.betaken;ofyou()45Theteachermadehimhishomework.A.todoB.doC.didD.done()46Theboystreetswithoutpayintheolddays.A.wasmadetocleanB.madecleanC.madetocleanD.wasmadeclean()47Thesechildrendance.A.wereseentoB.wereseenforC.wereseenD.sawto()48Thesestoneswell.A.arefittedB.fitC.fitsD.isfitted()49Thebike500yuan.A.wascostB.costedC.costD.iscosted()50Theimportantmeetingonacoldmorninglastyear.A.washadB.washeldC.heldD.had()51GreatchangesinthepasttenyearsinChina.A.tookplaceB.havetakenplaceC.weretakingplaceD.hadtakenplace()52Youcan'tusethecomputer,it.A.wasbrokendownB.iswrongC.isbadD.hasbrokendown()53Greatchangesinourcountryduringthepast20years.5\n暑假英语上课讲义A.havehappenedB.happenedC.havebeenhappenedD.werehappened()55Thewatchhasoftendown.A.satB.lainC.brokenD.fell()56Pleasepassmeanothercup.Thisone.A.isbrokenB.isbreakingC.brokeD.broken()57Thestorybooksbythewriterinthe1960s.A.arewrittenB.werewrittenC.arewritingD.werewriting()58Whattimethedooreveryday?A.does;closedB.does;closeC.is;closedD./;close()59Canhehimself?A.getdressB.getdressedC.getsdressedD.insteadof()60Hefellfromhisbikeand.A.ishurtB.getshurtC.gothurtD.hurt21---25BADAAKey:1---5BDDDC6—10BCBBC11---15AABBA16--20BABDB26---30ADBBC31---35DBADD36---40BBABA41---45CDDBB46——50AAACB51---55DDACA56---60BCBCC5