初中英语宾语从句专项练习 8页

宾语从句基本讲解与练习宾语从句小口诀宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether,特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。一、概念在句子中起到宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。二、连接词1.陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用that(在非正式场合that可以省略)。that在从句中不充当任何成分，也没有实在意思，只起到连接作用。NoonetoldJack(that)therewouldbeaclassmeetingthenextday.没有人告诉杰克第二天有班会。LittleTomwasafraid(that)hecouldn'tpasSthe瓢百曲次考试不及格。【拓展11可跟that从何做宾语的动词有：say,think,wish,hope,imagine,wonder,know,believe,agree,explain,feel,suggest,hear,mean,notice。【拓展2】当主句谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,expect等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。Idon'tthink(that)hecangiveaspeechatthemeeting认为他不会在会上发言的。【拓展3】在think,believe,imagine,suppose,guess,hop等动词以及I'mafraid^后，可用so代替一个肯定的宾语从句，用not代替一个否定的宾语从句。eg:---Doyoubelievehewillcome?你相信他会来吗？---Ibelieveso.我相信会。---Idon'tbelieves或Qbelievenot.)我相信不会。2.以whether或if引导的宾语从句，主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句是陈述句语序。whether或if在从句中不充当任何成分，意为“是否”。eg:“MayIuseyourknife“Heaskedme.fHeaskedmeifhemightusemyknife.【注意11从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。8\neg:“Doyouknowhertelephonenumber"Heaskedme.fHeaskedmewhetherIknowhertelephonenumber.【注意2］：一般情况下，whether和if可以互用，但有些情况例外。①当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether不用if。eg:Wearetalkingaboutwhetherwe'llgoonthepicnic.我们在讨论是否去里子餐。②引导词与动词不定式或ornot连用时，只用whether。eg:Pleaseletmeknowwhethertodonextstep.请让我知道是否开展下一步行动。Couldyoutellmewhetheryougoornot?能告诉我你是否去吗？1.特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词what,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why,how。弓I导词后要用陈述句语序。疑问词在从句中充当相应的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语成分，且有自己的意义。eg:"Whowillgiveusatalk?"Idon'tknow.fIdon'tknowwhowillgiveusatalk.【注意11特殊疑问句变为宾语从句后，句末用问号还是用句号完全取决于主句的句式：如主句为陈述句、祈使句，句末就用句号；如主句是疑问句，句末就用问号。eg:"Doyouknow?"Wheredoeshelive?fDoyouknowwherehelives?"Whichsubjectdoyoulikebest?"Heaskedme.fHeaskedmewhichsubjectIlikedbest.【温馨提示U疑问句中主语之前的助动词若是do/does/did,变为宾语从句时，要先将其去掉，谓语动词再根据时态作相应的变化。eg:"Whydidyoucometothepartylateyesterday?"Canyoutellme?fCanyoutellmewhyyoucametothepartylateyesterday?【温馨提示2】特殊疑问词在句中作主语，变为宾语从句时语序不变（时态应作相应变化）。eg:"Whocananswerthequestion?"Theteacherasked.fTheteacheraskedwhocouldanswerthequestion.老师问谁能回答这个问题。【温馨提示3】特殊疑问句在宾语从句中，要是主从句人称一致，一般可将宾语从句复合句改为简单句。eg:IwonderhowIcansendane-mailtoyou.一Iwonderhowtosendane-mailtoyou.我想知道如何给你发个电子邮件。8\n【特殊情况】：当doyouthink后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为“引导词+doyouthink+陈述句语序”。eg:Whatdoyouthinkheisgoingtodonext?你认为他下一步打算做什么？三、宾语从句的时态1.主句是一般现在时或一般将来时，从句不受主句的限制，根据自身的实际情况需要使用相应的时态。eg:Theworkersays（that）heworksfromMondaytoFriday.那名工人说他从周一至周五上班。（从句是一般现在时）Johnsays（that）hewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.）翰说要在他桌子上留个便条。（从句是一般将来时）Theywilltellyou（that）theyareliving/lived/willlive/havelivedinShanghai.他们会告诉你他们正住在上海/在上海住过/将住在上海/一直住在上海。（从句是现在进行时/一般过去时/一般将来时/现在完成时）2.主句是一般过去时，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。eg:Hetoldmethathedidn'tgotothelibraryyestedOy.^他昨天没去图书馆。（从何是一般过去时）Hesaid（that）hewasplayingfootballatthattime.他说他那时在踢足球。（从何是过去进行时）Hesaid（that）hewouldposttheletter.他说他将要寄这封信。（从句是过去将来时）TheyaskedmewhetherIhadbeentherebefore.他们问我以前去没去过那里。（从何是过去完成时）【注意1】如果从句有具体的过去时间状语，尽管从句动作发生在主句动作之前，有时仍用一般过去时。eg:Shetoldmeherbrotherdiedin1960.她告诉我她哥哥1960年去世的。Theysaidtheycheckedeverythingyesterday.他们说昨天他们全部检查过了。【注意2】当主句是一般过去时，而宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理、自然现象、科学原理或格言时，从句仍使用一般现在时态。8\neg:Theteachertoldus（that）nothingisdifficultifweputourheartsintoit.老师告诉我们世上无难事,只怕有心人。四、随堂巩固练习1.HaveyoudecidedforAustralia?A.whenwillyouleaveB.whendoyouleave8\nC.youwillleavewhenD.whenyouwillleave1.Canyoutellme?A.wheredoesTomliveB.whereTomlivedC.TomliveswhereD.whereTomlives2.Theoldmanaskedme.A.wherewasthecinemaB.whereisthecinemaC.wherethecinemawasD.wherewasthewaytothecinema3.Ithinkyouwilllikehim.A.thatB.ifC.whyD.how4.Ididn’tknowhewillcomeornot.A.thatB.whetherC.weatherD.how5.Iwonder.A.howmuchcosttheseshoesB.howmuchdotheseshoescostC.howmuchtheseshoescostD.howmucharetheseshoescost6.Sheaskedme.A.whohewasB.whowasheC.whoisheD.whoheis7.AskhimA.whosecupthisisB.whosecupisthisC.thisiswhosecupD.whoseisthiscup8.Idon’tknow.A.whattimethemoviestartsB.whattimestartsthemovieC.thetimetostartthemovieD.themoviewhattimestarts9.Thedoctoraskedmehowlong.A.wasIillB.haveIbeenillC.IhavebeenillD.Ihadbeenill10.Theweatherforecastdoesn’tsayA.ifitrainstomorrowB.ifdoesitraintomorrowC.ifitwillraintomorrowD.ifwillitraintomorrow11.Doyouknow?A.whosepenisthisB.whosepenthisisC.whomdoesthepenbelongtoD.whomthepenbelongto12.Couldyoutellmewhere?A.thetapewasB.wasthetapeC.thetapeisD.isthetape13.Theywanttoknow?A.whereisthehospitalB.howoldareyouC.whenthetrainwillleaveD.whyistheboycrying14.Tonywantedtoknow8\nA.whathadFatherChristmasputinhisstockingB.whenFatherChristmashadputinhisstockingC.whatFatherChristmashadputinhisstockingD.whereFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking1.Nooneknowstheprofessorwillcometoourschooltomorrowtogiveusatalkornot.A.whenB.whetherC.whereD.if2.Julydidn’tknowA.whereisTim’sfatherB.whenwasthefirstwatchmadeC.whotheoldmanisD.whatwaswrongwithherwatch3.Noonetoldus,soweneedyourhelp.A.howshouldwedoB.whatweshoulddoC.whattodoD.whatshouldwedo4.Wedon’tknowwiththerubbishanditpollusteoutlandandsea.A.howdoitB.howtodoC.whatdoitD.whattodo5.HeaskedmeA.whetherIfindoutthesenderofthemoneyB.whetherdidIfindoutthesenderofthemoneyC.whetherthesenderofthemoneyfoundoutD.whetherIfoundoutthesenderofthemoney6.Didyouhear?A.whatdidIsayB.whatIsaidC.IsaidwhatD.whatIsay7.Canyoutellme?A.whichclassyouareinB.whichclassareyouinC.youareinwhichclassD.areyouinwhichclass8.---Excuseme.Couldyoutellme?---Certainly.A.whencanIgettothestationB.Icangettowhichstation8\nC.whichstationcanIgettoD.howIcangettothestation1.Couldyoutellmewhereyesterday?A.didyougoB.yougoC.youhavegoneD.youwent2.TomaskedmeA.whoseshirtwasthisB.whoseshirtthiswasC.whoshirtwasthisD.whoshirtthiswas3.Excuseme,couldyoutellme?A.where’stheteachers’officeB.where’sthebusstationC.what’sshedoingD.wherethepostofficeis4.IwanttoseeMrs.Wang,butIdon’tknowA.sheliveswhereB.shewherelivesC.whereshelivesD.wheredoesshelive5.---GoandaskMr.Whiteforhelp.---ButIdon’tknow_B.wherehelivesD.helivesthereB.whoissingingD.whathesaidA.wheredoesheliveC.whereisheliving6.---Canyoutellme?---Yes,helivesinasmalltown.A.wherehelivesC.whenhewillleave7.HaveyoudecidedforLondon?B.whenyouwillleaveD.whenyouaregoing_ourtickets?B.whereshallweshowA.whenwillyouleaveC.whenareyougoing8.Excuseme.CouldyoutellmeA.wheredoweshowC.wheredidweshowD.whereweshallshow9.---Whatareyouinterestedinaboutcookingfood?---WeareallinterestedinA.howeggisfriedB.howiseggfriedC.HoweggfriesD.howdoeseggfry10.Doyouknow?8\nA.whatitisB.whatisitC.whoisheD.whosenameisit34.Doyouknow?A.whosebookisthisC.thisbookiswhose35.Idon’tknownow.B.whosebookthisisD.who’sbookthisisA.whereismycatB.mycatiswhereC.wheremycatisD.wheremycat36.Doesheknow?A.what’syournameC.whatyourisname37.Doyouknow?A.whichfloorhelivesC.helivesonwhichfloor38.Tellmewhere?A.isthehospital39.Hehasn’tdecidedB.thehospitalisB.whatnameisyourD.whatyournameisB.whichfloorhelivesonD.whichfloordoeshelivesonC.ishospitalD.hospitalisA.ifhe’llgoonatoripWtuxiB.whenwillhegoonatriptoWuxiC.ifhegoesonatriptoWuxiD.whendoeshegoonatriptoWuxi40.Canyousee?A.whathe’sreadingB.whatishereadingC.whatdoeshereadD.hereadswhat8