- 663.00 KB
- 2022-08-30 发布
- 1、本文档由用户上传,淘文库整理发布,可阅读全部内容。
- 2、本文档内容版权归属内容提供方,所产生的收益全部归内容提供方所有。如果您对本文有版权争议,请立即联系网站客服。
- 3、本文档由用户上传,本站不保证质量和数量令人满意,可能有诸多瑕疵,付费之前,请仔细阅读内容确认后进行付费下载。
- 网站客服QQ:403074932
初中语法专题(一)时态\n一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时\n一般现在时\n一、一般现在时:概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。时间状语:always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month…),onceaweek,onSundays,etc.基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词否定形式:①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。Helikesmusic.Hedoesn’tlikemusic.一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。Doeshelikemusic?\n什么情况下用?\n①表示经常或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。They go home once a week .②表示主语通常的能力、兴趣爱好、和性格特征。Ilikereading.③表示客观的事实或真理。The sun always rises in the east .\n.④表示按照时刻表或已经计划安排好的将来行为。(只限于是go,come,leave,arrive,begin,start,takeoff,stop,be等表示开始或移动意义的词。)⑤在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,主句用一般将来时(will+动词原形),从句中用一般现在时表将来。(主将从现)Lucywillbeathomeifitrainstomorrow.\n动词第三人称单数形式变化规则\n规则例子一般在词尾加-s,(清辅音后读/s/,在浊辅音后读/z/;在t后读/ts/,在d后读/dz/。)Play→playsleave→leavesswim→swims以字母s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的词加-es,读/iz/,如果动词原形词尾已有e,则只加-s。pass→passesfix→fixesteach→teacheswish→wishesdo→does以辅音字母加y结尾的词,先变y为i,再加-es,读/z/study→studiescarry→carriesfly→flies\n1.He______(be,am,is,are)ateacheratNo.2MiddleSchool.2.He______(have,has)classesintheafternoon.3.He______(get,gets)upathalfpastsixeverymorning.4.Healways_____(come,comes)toschoolontime.5.He______(study,studies)veryhardathislesson.6.Oneandtwo_____(be,is,are)three.7.Blueandyellow_____(make,makes)green.8.Theearth_____(move,moves)roundthesun.9.IwillgothereifI____(be,willbe,am,is,are)freetomorrow.\n我们经常在晚上8点看电视。We always watch TV at 8:00 in the evening.我不喜欢红色的鞋。Idon’tlikeredshoes.2021/10/26\n一般过去时\n概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。时间状语:ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year,night,month…),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,etc.基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词否定形式:①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。Hesmokedlastyear.Hedidn’tsmokelastyear.一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词。Didhesmokelastyear?\n构成规则例子一般在动词原形末尾加-ed,(在清辅音后读/t/;在浊辅音和元音后读/d/;在/t/,/d/后读/id/。look→lookedplay→playedwork→worked结尾是e的动词在末尾加-dlike→likedlive→livedhope→hoped末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-edplan→plannedstop→stoppeddrop→dropped结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词,先变“y”为“i”再加-edstudy→studiedworry→worriedcry→cried\n1.He____(be,was,were,been)hereamomentago.2.They____(be,was,were,been)herejustnow.3.Thescientists_____(leave,leaves,leaved,left)forAmericayesterday.4.Lastweekwe______(visit,visited)theScienceMuseum.5.WhenIwasachild,Ioften____(play,played)football.6.Thestudentsranoutoftheclassroomassoonasthebell____(ring,rang,rung).\n当我是个孩子的时候,我经常在街上踢足球。When I was a child, I often played football inthe street.4.我昨天完成作业了。Ifinishedthehomeworkyesterday.2021/10/26\n现在进行时\n作谓语的动词用来表示动作(情况)发生时间的各种形式称为时态。1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。2.时间状语:Now,atthistime,days,look.listen等时间状语做标志。3.基本结构:主语+be+doing+其他4.否定形式:主语+be+not+doing+其他5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。\n6.用法:现在进行时表示1)、现在(说话的瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作,强调“此时此刻”。E.g.Heisreading.Theyaretalkingnow.2)、当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。E.g.Theyareworkingthesedays.3)、某些动词的现在进行时,表预定的计划或即将发生的动作。E.gIamcoming.\n现在分词的变法有1)、一般在动词词尾加上-ing,E.g.jump2)、以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去e,再加-ing.E.ghavewrite3)、.以重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的词,它前面是单个元音字母时要先将词尾的辅音字母双写,再加上-ing.E.g.sitput其句式变换都在be上做文章。\n1.I____(write,amwriting,iswriting,arewriting)aletternow.2.Look,it_____(begin,isbeginning,ambeginning,arebeginning)torain.3.They____(study,isstudying,amstudying,arestudying)medicineattheMedicalInstituteofChengdethesedays.4.He_____(teach,amteaching,isteaching,areteaching)anEnglishlessonatthistime.\n5.我妈妈在做家务。Mymotherwasdoinghousework.6.老师正在教我们如何用电脑。Theteacherwasteachingushowtousecomputer.2021/10/26\n过去进行时\n1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。2.时间状语:atthistimeyesterday,atthattime或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。3.基本结构主语+was/were+doing+其他4.否定形式:主语+was/were+not+doing+其他5.一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。(第一个字母大写)其句式变化仍然要在be上做文章。\n1.I_____(cook,cooked,wascooking,werecooking)breakfastwhenyouarrived.2.What____you_____(do,did,was...doing,were…doing)atthistimeyesterdayevening?3.We_____(have,arehaving,had,werehaving)dinnerwhenthedoorbellrang.4.While/When/Aswe____(have,had,arehaving,werehaving)dinner,thedoorbellrang.\n7.昨天下午四点你们在打篮球吗?Were you playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon?8.他看书时睡着了。He fell asleep when he was reading.2021/10/26\n一般将来时\n构成:①will,shall+动词原形,其中shall只用于第一人称。②begoingto+动词原形,表示主观打算,按计划,安排要发生的事情。③beto+动词原形,表示客观安排④beaboutto+不定式,意为马上要做某事,正要做某事。(不可与副词连用)⑤某些动词,可用进行时态表将来,如come,go,arrive,leave。⑥在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,主句用一般将来时(will+动词原形),从句中用一般现在时表将来。\n否定形式:主语+am/is/arenotgoingtodo;主语+will/shallnotdo+其他一般疑问句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。e.g.Shewillbebackinthreedays.Shewillnotbebackinthreedays.WillShebebackinthreedays?\n1_____you____adoctorwhenyougrowup?AWill;goingtobeBAre;goingtobeCAre;/DWill;be2Idon’tknowifhisuncle_____.Ithinkhe_____ifitdoesn’train.Awillcome;comesBwillcome;willcomeCcomes;comesDcomes;willcome3Hewillbeback_____afewminutes.AwithBforConDin4Whattime_____wemeetatthegatetomorrow?AwillBshallCdoDare5Hewillhaveaholidayassoonashe_____theworknextweek.AfinishesBdoesn’tfinishCwillfinishDwon’tfinish\n6There_____someshowersthisafternoon.AwillbeBwillhaveCisgoingtobeDaregoingtohave7It____mybrother’sbirthdaytomorrow.She_____aparty.Aisgoingtobe;willhaveBwillbe;ishavingCwillbe;isgoingtohaveDwillhave;isgoingtobe8LiMingis10yearsoldnow,nextyearhe_____11.AisBisgoingtobeCwillbeDwilltobe\n过去将来时\n构成:(would+动词原形,或将来时的其它过去构成形式wasgoingtodo……)表示以过去某一时间为参照,在过去看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。在宾语从句及间接引语中,时态呼应,经常会用到过去将来时。如Ithoughtitwasgoingtobefun.时间状语:---soon/thenextday---that-clause(名词性从句或上下文中---)\n1.ItoldmyfriendthatI____(should/wouldarrive,shall/willarrive)soon.2.Theylookedatthosecloudsoverthesky.It____(isgoingtorain,wasgoingtorain).\n现在完成时\n1.概念:表示发生在过去,持续到现在,可能刚刚结束也有可能继续进行下去的动作或状态,甚至延续到将来;或发生在过去,对现在造成一定的影响或结果。常与since+过去时(间),for+一段时间连用。表示与现在有联系的过去的动作。2.时间状语:recently,already,yet,just,never,ever,sofar,bynow,since+时间点,for+时间段,lately,inthepastfewyears,etc.3.基本结构:主语+have/has+p.p(过去分词)+其他\n4.否定形式:主语+have/has+not+p.p(过去分词)+其他5.一般疑问句:have/has+主语+p.p(过去分词)+其他?\nhave(has)been和have(has)gone的区别havebeentoaplace意思是“到过、去过”,表示曾到过某处,但现在人不在那儿;havegonetoaplace表示“去了”,已经去了某地,现在人可能在去的途中或已经到那儿了。\nYouhave_____atallyoungman.AgrownBgrownintoCgrownusDgrownup2.Hehas____thewatchforayear.AbuyBboughtChaveDhad3.Hasyourbrother_____thedog?AkeptinBfedCfedonDkepton4.I_____thisbookfortwoweeks,Ihavetoreturnitnow.AborrowedBhaveborrowedCkeptDhavekept5.Haveyouever_____totheGreatWall?It'sverybeautiful.AgoneBbeenCwentDgo6.Herbrother_____thePartysince1978.AjoinedBhasjoinedChasbeeninDwasin7.TheGreens_____manyplacesofinterestsincetheycametoChina.AwillvisitBvisitedChavevisitedDvisit\n8I'msorry,I____yourname.AhadforgottenBforgotChaveforgottenDforgotten9Thebookshop_____foreightyears.AhasbeenopenBhasbeenopenedChasopenedDhasopen10Wehave_____allthepapersoweneedtobuysome.AusedupBmadeofCfilledwithDhuntedfor11TheflowerI____grownup.AplantedhasBplantedhaveChasplantedDhaveplanted\n巧解现在完成时态题\n技巧1:寻找现在完成时中的“段时间”。(1)现在完成时表示过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状态,多和表示一段时间的状语连用:for+一段时间;since+点时间(since作连词后接从句时,该从句要用一般过去时)。(2)现在完成时态也用在含有during/in/overthelastyears或inrecentyears等的句子中。\n趁热打铁\n1.TheOrientalPearlTVTower_______tensofthousandsofvisitorssince1995.attractedB.attractsC.hasattractedD.willattract2.—Howlong_______you_____here?—Forabouttwoyearssofar.have,studiedB.did,liveC.do,stayD.were,swimming3.—Howisyourfather?I__himforalongtime.—Heisfine,butbusy.don’tseeB.hadn’tseenC.didn’tseeD.haven’tseen4.Meimeihasreceivedseverallettersfromherhometownsinceshe_______tothecity.A.cameB.comesC.hascomeD.willcome\n技巧2:寻找现在完成时的副词标志或句型。(1)在做时态题时,注意观察句中是否有常用于现在完成时的副词:yet,already,never,lately,recently,ever,just,before,(ever)since等。(2)句型:Ithasbeen+段时间+since+过去时.也可以表示为:Itis+段时间+since+过去时.\n9.自五个月前我就在这儿了。I have been here since five months ago.2021/10/26\n过去完成时\n过去完成时1、概念:过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,即“过去的过去(past-in-the-past)”。------|-----------|----------|-------->那时以前那时现在2、构成:过去完成时由“助动词had+过去分词”构成,其中had通用于各种人称。Theyhadalreadyhadbreakfastbeforetheyarrivedatthehotel.Shehadfinishedwritingthecompositionby10:00thismorning.\n3、它的否定句是在had后边加not,变一般疑问句是把had提前。E.g.Ihadreachedthestationbefore9:00o'clock.Ihadnotreachedthestationbefore9:00o'clock.Hadyoureachedthestationbefore9:00o'clock?\n过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用,它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与already,yet,still,just,before,never等时间副词及by,before,until等引导的短语或从句连用。\n1.We____(haveread,hadread)500storiesbytheendoflastterm.2.Hesaidthatthey_____(havearrived,hadarrived)anhourbefore.3.After/Whenhe____(hasdone,haddone)hisjob,hewenttobed.4.Iwaitedtillhe____(hasfinished,hadfinished)hiswork.5.WhenIgotthere,he___(hasbeen,hadbeen)awayforhalfanhour.6.IwentbacktotheclassroombecauseI____(haveleft,hadleft)mydictionarythere.\n10.他说过他以前学过一些英语。He said that he had learned some English before.2021/10/26