高中英语相似词汇汇总 12页

..　　学习英语词汇中，有时同义词的辨析是很不容易的，我们一般从三方面进展区分，即：语法、语义和文体。语法主要是词性、搭配、句式等的区分;语义主要是词义的本义、引申义、比喻义和涵和外延等的区分;文体主要是正式和非正式、褒义和贬义等的区分。下面是笔者整理的50组同义词。1.路way:Whereverthereisroomforanobjecttoproceed,thereisaway.road:Aroadisapreparedwayfortravelingwithhorsesorvehicles.path:Awaysuitabletobetraveledonlybyfootpassengersorbyanimals.route:Arouteisalineoftravel,andmaybeovermanyroads.street:Astreetisinsomecentreofhabitation,asacitytownorvillage,whenitpassesbetweenhousesofdwellings.avenue:Aavenueisalong,broadandimposing(壮严)orprincipalstreet.2.时代(期)(时期)period:Itindicatesanypassageoftime,greatorsmall./anextentoftimeofanylength.(时代)time(s):Itreferstoaperiodinhistory.inancienttimes/inVictoriatime(新时代)epoch:Itindicatesalongperiodoftimemarkedbyeventsordevelopmentofaparticularkind.Thefirstflightintospacemarkedanewepochinthehistoryofmankind.(纪元)era:Itreferstoaverylongperiodoftimemarkedbyaparticularfeatureinagreatneweraofworldrevolution(时期)age:Itshowsaparticular/afairlydefiniteperiodinhistory.theBronzeAge,IronAge3.战斗(打仗)fight:Itisabodilystruggle(奋斗斗争)struggle:Aneffortofanykindtooveredifficulty.(战斗)battle:Afightbetweenarmedforces.(战役)campaign:Aseriesofrelatedmilitaryoperationsinawar.(战争)war:Aperiodoffightbetweencountriesorstateswhenweaponsareusedandmanypeoplearekilled.(对抗)bat:Afight,conflict,controversy.4.牧师(教士牧师)priest:Aperson,esp.amanspeciallytrainedforvariousreligiousdutiesandceremonies,intheChristianchurch,esp.intheRomanCatholicchurch(牧师)minister:Amemberofclergy,esp.Protestantchurches.(牧师)clergy(pl):Theofficiallyappointedleaderofthereligiousactivitiesofaparticularchurchortemple.clergyman:clergymen(pl)amemberofclergy.(牧师)pastor:AChristianreligiousleaderinchargeofachurchanditsmembers,esp.inaProtestantchurch...word.zl.\n..(教区牧师)vicar:Apriestinchargeofanarea(parish)inthechurchofEngland.father:Alittleofrespectforapriest,esp.intheRomanCatholic.5.服装clothing(collect):(fml)Generaltermofclothes.clothes(nosingle):Coveringsofthebodysuchascoats,dresses,suits,shoes,hats.garment(fl):Asuitofclothesusedbyactors./asinglearticleofclothing.costume:1)Thefashionofdresspeculiartoapeople,nation,class,period,etc.2)Adresswornbyactorsinaplay.uniform:wornbyallmembersofthemunity.dress:1)Akindofoutergarmentwornbywomen(连衣裙).2)wornonspecialoccasions(礼服)eveningdress/morningdresssuit:Asetofouterclothestobeworntogether.eveningsuit/swimmingsuitcoat:Agarmentwithsleeveswornontopofotherclothesfromrain,heat,etc.overcoat:Awarncoatworninthestreet.6.哭cry:Themostgeneralone.(哭泣)weep:Toletflowtears.(抽泣抽嗒)sob:Toweeporsighwithshortquickbreaths.(哭天抹泪涕泪交流)snivel:Tosniffleandcryinairritatingmanner.(哭嚎又哭又闹)blubber:Tocryloudlynoisily.(发出低声报怨声)whine:Tomakealowplainingcry.(嚎哭)bawl:Toutterloudcries(alwaysinbadsense).(痛哭)wail:Tocryaloudfrompainorsorrow.(呻吟)moan:Tomakealow,miserablesoundinpainorsorrow.(呻吟)grown:Tomakealowsoundofpain,unhappinessordisapproval(哀悼)mourn:Tofeelorshowsadnessorsorrowforsomeonewhohasdied.(哀悼)lament:Toexpressgreatsorroworregret.7.美丽漂亮good-looking:Havinganattractiveappearanceinastrong,healthywayusedformenandwomennotthings.beautiful:(awomanorathing)Suggestingsymmetryoffeaturesorperfectionofproportion,eleganceandmobility.beautifulflowers,abeautifulgirl/voice/city/facebeautifulweather.handsome:Ofattractiveappearanceappliestomen.ahandsomefellow/actor/horse/buildings/youngman...word.zl.\n..pretty:(agirl,orasmallthing)Suggestinglivelinessandsweetness,pleasingornicetolookat.aprettylittlewoman/garden,aprettygirl/picture/pieceofmusic,lovely:(something)Sobeautifulthatitmakesyoufeelgoodtolookatitoreventothinkaboutit.Thegardenlookslovely.fair:Beautiful(ofwomaninpoet)lightincoloresp.,skinhair.gorgeous:(personsorthings)(inf)Extremelybeautifulorhandsome.8.拉、拖pull:Themostgeneralone.draw:Itimpliesasmoother,steadiermotionandgenerallyalighterforcethanpull.drag:Itusuallyreferstohorizontalmotionormotionupanincline(slope)anditsuggestslaboriouseffortsoverroughgroundoragainstfriction,resistanceorgravity.Theescapedprisonerwasdraggedoutofhishidingplace.haul:Itimpliescontinuouspullingordraggingofheavyorbulkyobjects.Thefishermanishaulinganet.tug:Itappliestohardoftensuddenviolentefforttopull.Hetuggedatmysleevetoaskdirections.jerk:Topullsuddenly.Hejerkedouttheknifethatwasstuckinthewound.tow:Topullbyaropeorchain.Wetowedthecartothenearestgarage.wrench:Topullhardwithatwistingorturningmovement.9.旋转turn:Themostgeneralone.(自转)spin:Toturnquicklyaroundacentralpoint.Itemphasizesthecontinuityoftheaction,andusuallythenarrowextentofthecircularmotion.Thewheelisspinningonitsaxis.(急转)whirl:Toroundveryfast.Itimpliesthelockofconsciouscontrol.Theleaveswhirlinthewindintheyard.(转动)rotate:Toturnroundafixedpointwithacircularmovement.Theearthrotatesonceevery24hours.(绕转)revolve:Toturnormoveinacirclearoundacentralpoint.Itindicatescircularorelliptical(椭圆)movement.Theplanetsrevolvearoundthesun.10.生气、气愤anger:Themostgeneralone.(易怒)becross:Feelingeasytogetangry.(愤慨)indignation:(fml)Anger...word.zl.\n..Itstressesrighteousangeratwhatoneconsidersunfair,meanorshameful.Weexpressedourindignationattheruthlessexploitation.(愤怒)wrath:Verytreatanger.(literary)Itsuggestsadesireonintenttorevengeorpunish.(狂怒)rage:Wild,violentanger.Itsuggestslossofself-controlfromviolenceofemotion.inarage/tofallintoarage.(暴怒)fury:Violent,extremeanddestructiveanger.Sheflewintoafury.11.错误(误会)mistake:Awrongthought,act.ItimpliescarelessnessAnyonecanmakeamistake.(过错弱点)fault:Abadpoint,butnotofaseriousmoralkind.Itreferstobehaviorandcharacter.Hisonlyfaultisthathelacksambition.findfaultwithsb/atfaultshorting:Weakness,failingItreferstofailuresordeficienciesinthingsaswellaspeople.InspiteofallhershortingsIstillthinkshe'soneofthebestteachersintheschool.(疏忽)error:Amistake(formalsometimesliterary)ItimpliesdeviationfromastandardormodelTheaccidentwascausedbyhumanerror.(缺点毛病)defect:sthlackingorimperfect.Itreferstoquality.Theradiowasreturnedbecauseofadefect.(失误过失)blunder:Averystupidorunnecessarymistake.Itimpliesignorance.Thisisthefatalblunderofhislife.12.图画picture:Themostgeneralone.(彩图)painting:pictureswithcolor.(绘画图画)drawing:Apicturemadewithapen,pencilandcrayon.Sketch,diagramsandgraphsarealldrawings.(草图)sketch:Aroughnotdetaileddrawing.(图解图表)diagram:Adrawing,figurethatshowsthearrangementofsomething.(曲线图)graph:Adiagraminwhichastraightline,curved,orzigzaglineshowshowtwosetsofnumbersormeasurementsarerelated.(插图)illustration:Apicturetogowithwordsofabook.(图样草图)draft:Thefirstroughwrittenformofanything.(平面图)plan:Alinedrawingofabuildingasitmightbeenseenfromabove...word.zl.\n..(主视图)elevation:Aflatuprightsideofabuilding.(海图)chart:Amapesp.adetailedmapofaseaarea.13.特别(专门的,与众不同的)special:Differentinsomewayfromwhatismon,ordinary,orusual.Itstresseshavingaquality,character,identity,oruseofitsown.Thetubecontainsspecialgases.(特别的)especial:(fml)Toanusuallygreatdegree,exceptionalItemphasizestheimportanceofthethingsorthepersonsmentionedThisisamatterofespecialimportance.(各别的)particular:Relatingorbelongingtoonlyonethingorperson.Itstressesthedistinctnessofsomethingasanindividualwhichisworthnotice.Inthatparticularcase,theruledoesn'thold.(适用)(特种的)specific:Detailedandexact,clearinmeaningandexplanation,fixed,determined.(usedinscientificarticles)Itimpliesaqualityorcharacterdistinguishingakindoraspecies.Hegavemeaveryspecificinstruction.Thereisaspecifictoolforeachjob.(独特的)peculiar:Strangeorperhapsunpleasant.Itimpliesstrangeness.Hehasapeculiarwayofspeaking.14.取消、消灭(取消解除)cancel:Togiveup,todeclaresomethingistobeeffective.Hehascancelledhisleaveofabsence.(消假)(废除废止)abolish:Todoawaywith.Itreferstopractices,socialinstitutions.Badcustomsshouldbeabolished.(消灭排除)eliminate:Togetridof.Weshouldeliminatethefalseandretainthetrue.(撤消废除)repeal:Tobringtoanendoftheeffectofalaworanorder.Somelawsshouldberepealed.(铲除消灭)exterminate:Todestroypletelyandwholly.Colonialismmustbeexterminated.15.破碎break:Themostgeneralone.(压碎压破)crush:Topresstogetherviolentlyastobreak,todestroyitsshapebysqueezingit.Itsuggeststheeffectofgreatexternalpressure.Thetreefellontopofthecarandcrushedit.(打碎)smash:Tobreakthoroughlytopieceswithacrushingsound.Shedroppedtheplateandsmashedit.(打裂)crack:Tobreakwithoutseparationofparts.Itsuggeststhebreakingoutacrossasurface...word.zl.\n..Hecrackedthewindowbyleaningagainstit.(破裂)burst:Tobreakopenbypressurefromwithin.Thefireworksburstwhiletheywereintheair.(砸碎破碎)shatter:Tobreakintopieces.Itsuggeststhebreakingupofathinsurface.Theglasswasshatteredtopieces.(撞坏)crash:Torefertothevehiclewhichhitssomethingandisbadlydamaged.16.环境形势(环境形势)conditions:Thelocationandotherfactorslikelytoaffectit.Itsuggestssomethingthathasstayedthesameforsometimeandwhichaffectsdailylifesuchasfood,work,andhouses.Wearenowstudyingtheeconomicconditionsinthedevelopingcountries.(形势)situation:Apositionorstateataparticulartime,setofconditions,facts,andeventshavinganeffectonaperson,society,etc.Itsuggestsmoregeneralmatterssuchasgovernmentplanningandfinance.Thepoliticalsituationinthesecountriesarealwayschanging.(环境周围外界)environment:Thecircumstances,thingsandconditionsthatinfluenceyou.Itreferstospiritaspect,physicalaspectandmaterialaspect.Wemusttrytobeautifyourenvironment.(形势情况)circumstance(s):Asituationoreventaroundus,acertainkindofatmosphere,theconditionsthataffectwhathappens.in(under)thecircumstances(环境周围事物)surrounding(s):Theareaandenvironmentaroundaplaceorperson.Itindicatesaverynarrowcondition,"physically"sometimesreflectsspiritualaspect.Theylivedinhostilesurroundings.17.著名的well-known:(infl)famous:Themostgeneralone.widelyknownorhonored.(出色的知名的)distinguished:Great,outstandingmarkedbyexcellentqualityordeservedfame,usedespeciallyofpeoplewhoarefamousforseriousworkinscience,theartsetc.Hewasadistinguishedwriter.(著名的)celebrated:Famous,(substituteforrenowned)Itrefersobjectivelytosborsomethingthathasbeengiveacclaimorhonouredwithawardsorprizes.Shewasacelebratedactress.renowned:Highlyhonoredandfamousforsomethinggood.oftenreferstoplacesorthings,alsoItsuggestssomethingthathasbeelegendaryorisnolongeravailableforanobjectiveevaluation...word.zl.\n..Edisonwasrenownedforhisinventions.noted:Well-knownandadmiredItoftendescribesamoreintellectualkindofeffortandacplishmentindicatinganauthorityorexpertortheirtheories.Maybeitisnotwidelyknowntothegeneralpublic.Hewasaverynotedexpert.(臭名昭著)notorious:Famousforsomethingbad.Heisnotoriousforhiscrimes.18.强盗thief:Themostgeneralone.(强盗)robber:Itsuggestsadirectconfrontationinwhichtheownerisforcedtogiveuphisvaluables.(行凶强劫)mugger:Apersonwhoattacksandrobspeopleinastreetorinalift.burglar:Apersonwhobreaksintoahouseatnighttostealsomething.(歹徒暴徒)gangster:Amemberofagroupofcriminals,esp.thosewhoarearmedandusegunstothreaten.(匪徒)bandit:anarmedrobber.Itsuggestsanorganizedgroupinaruralsetting.(土匪)brigand:Arobberwholivesbyrobbingtravelersinthecountry.(海盗)pirate:Apersonwhorobsonthesea.19.摇动,颤抖shake:Themostgeneralone.tomoveupanddownorbackandforth.Itreferstopersonsorthings.(发抖)quiver:Totremblealittle.Itsuggestsarapidbutinvisiblevibration.Hislipsquiveredwithemotion.(颤抖)tremble:Toshakeuncontrollablyandslightlyasfromfear,cold,excitementetc.Itimpliesuneasinessandnervousness.Hervoicetrembledasshebegantosing.(瞬间发抖)shiver:Totremblefromfearorcold.Itsuggestsaslightandrapidmovement.Hestoodshiveringinthesnow.(极度颤抖)quake:toshakeortrembleviolently.Itsuggestsamoreviolentandsuddenchange.Hequakedwithexcitement.Anexplosioncammakethegroundquake.(抽筋般颤抖)shudder:Toshakeuncontrollablyforamovement.Itsuggestsamoreintenseshaking.Sheshudderedatthesightofasnake.20.说话谈话(说话)speak:Touseyourvoicetosaywords.(说)say:Tospeakwords...word.zl.\n..(发出声音)utter:Tomakesoundandsaywords.drawl:Tospeakinaslow,prolongedmanner.mutter:Toexpressdispleasurewithpressedlips.rave:Totalkinanangry,uncontrolledway.gabble:Totalkrapidly,makinginarticulatesounds.(谈论)remark:Tomentionitormentonit.(述)state:Tosay,expressorputintowords,esp.formally.Hestatedhisview.(讲述)narrate:Totellformallyinwritingorspeechordescribesomethinginorderwithintonation.Henarratedhisadventureintheforest.(详述)relate:Totellformallyindetails,togiveanaccountof.Herelatedhisexperiences.(讲演)address:Tosayinspeechorwritingtoapersonorgroup.tell:Toletpeopleknowaboutsomething.talk:Tosaythingstosomeone.converse:Totalkformally.Thescholarsareconversingwitheachotheronlinguistics.chat:Totalkinafriendly,familiar,informalmanner.Thetwofriendssatinacornerandchatted.chatter:Totalkcontinuouslyrapidlyaboutsmallthings.Theschoolgirlswentalongchattering.whisper:Totalkinalowvoice.Shewhisperedmenottotalksoloudly.murmur:Tomakeasoftsound,esp.tospeakorsayinaquietvoice.Heoftenmurmurstohimself.(闲谈)gossip:Totalkaboutthedetailsofotherpeople'sactionsandprivateliveswhichmaynotcorrectorproper.Thatwomanisveryfondofgossipingaboutothers.stammer:Tospeakwithpausesandrepeatedsoundsbecauseofexcitement,embarrassment.stutter:Tospeakwithpausesandrepeatedsoundsbecauseofinherentspeechdefect.21.事情,事件(事)thing:Anevent,afact,asubject.Hetalkedofmanyinterestingthings.(事情)matter:Seththatyouhavetodealwith,somethingtobediscussed,thoughtover...word.zl.\n..Thereareseveralmatterstobedealtwithatthemeeting.(事务责任)business:Aspecialduty,somethingthathastobedone.Publicbusinessiseveryone'sbusiness.(事务)affair:Aneventorsetofconnectedevents.(pl)privateandpersonallife.Ihavemanyaffairstolookafter.(事件)event:Animportanthappening.Eventssuchasbirthdaysandanniversariesareoftencelebrated.Doyouknowthechiefeventsof1986.incident:Notasimportantasanevent.Incidentsseldomarecelebrated.Sometimesaneventbeesanincidentaftermanyyearshavepassed.(偶然事件)happening:Anoccurrence,andsometimesanunusualone.Therehavebeenstrangehappeningsherelately.(偶发事件)occurrence:Anincidentthatisusuallyunexpectedandhasnotbeenplannedaheadoftime.Floodispracticallyanannualoccurrenceinthisdistrict.22.成认admit:Toagreetothetruthof,usu,somethingbad.Itsuggestsreluctanceorpossibleobjection.Headmittedhiscrime/stealing.(自白供认)confess:Toadmitguiltastoacrimeorastoashorting,inthesenseofmakingknowntoothersone'sownerrororwrongdoing.Heconfessedhisfault/doingsomethingwrong.acknowledge:toagreethetruthof,recognizethefactorexistenceofwhathavesaidordone,goodorbad.Itemphasizesopenlyinaembarrassingorawkwardandusuallynotvoluntaryway.Iacknowledgedmysignature/mistakes/errors/havingbeendefeated.grant:Toadmitortoagreesomethingistrue.Igrantedhisrequest/hishonesty.takesth/sbforgranted.concede:Toadmitastrue,justorproperoftenunwillinglybecauseofoverwhelmingevidence.Iconcededyouthatpoint,butIstillthinkyouarewrong.recognize:Toacceptoracknowledgeit.Itreferstosomethingaboutlawanddiplomacy.ThenewregimewasrecognizedbyChina.23.走路walk:Themostgeneralone.stride:Towalkwithlongsteps...word.zl.\n..Hestrodethroughthestationafewminutesbeforethetrainleft.(高视阔步)stalk:Towalkstiffly,slowly,andproudlywithlongsteps.trot:Tojog,movequickly,usureferstohorses.(蹒跚而行)waddle:Towalkfromsidetosidewithshortstepslikeaduck.Thefatmanwaddledoutoftheroom.(蹒跚)stagger:Towalkunsteadily,slideanddragthefeetalmostfallingateachstep,usuallybecauseofillness,injuryordrink.Afterdrinkingtoomuch,hestaggeredinthestreet.(摇摆蹒跚)totter:Towalkunsteadilyshowinggreatweaknessoftenusedofveryyoungchildrenlearningtowalk.Thechildtotteredbeforehisparents.(拖着脚走)shuffle:Tomovewithoutliftingthefeetclearofthefloorasifwearingslippers.Theoldmanshuffledalongtheroad.(趾高气扬地走)strutTowalkinaproudstrongway,esp.withthechestoutandtryingtolookimportant.(慢行)amble:Towalkataneasygentlerate.Itstressesaleisurelybutregularmovement.(闲逛)stroll:Towalk,esp.slowly,forpleasure.Itemphasizesaslowermovement,morewanderingandaimlesswithsuggestionsofmanystartsandpauses.Theyarestrollingthroughthispark.saunter:Alittlemoreformalthanstroll.(漫步徘徊)wander:Tomoveaboutwithoutafixedcourse,aim,orpurpose.Hewaswanderingabout/down/through/upanddownthestreet.(漫游)roam:Towanderwithasveryclearaim.Itsuggestsamoreseriouspurposebehindtheirregularofcircularmovementinpleteforgetfulnessoftime.Theloversroamedaround/throughthefields.(跋涉)trudge:Towalkheavilyandwearilywitheffortaswhenone(plod)istired.Thehunterwastrudgingthroughthedeepsnow.(重步行走)tramp:Towalkwithfirmheavysteps.Whohasbeentrampingalloverthecarpetinmuddyshoes.(扭扭捏捏地走)mince:Towalkwithlittleshortstepsinanaffectedmanner.Itwasafunnysighttoseehermincealong.slouch:Towalkinaloose,ungainly(不雅观)way...word.zl.\n..hustle:Towalkinabusy,activeway.24.跳jump:Themostgeneralone.tothrowoneselfintotheair.(跳起)leap:(literary)Tospringthroughtheair,oftenlandinginadifferentplace.Theboyleapedoverthebrookwithoutdifficulty.(跳跃)spring:Toleapsuddenlyandquickly.Hesprangtohisfeetatthesuddennoise.(跳着跑)bound:Tospringlightlyalong.Itsuggestshighspiritsandexcitement.Hisdogboundedtomeetme.(轻快地跑)skip:Tomoveinaslightdancingway,aswithquickstepsandjumps.Thelittlegirlskippedathermother'sside.hop:Tojumpononeleg.Theboyhadhurthislegandhadtohopalong.vault:Toleapoversomethingusingthehandsorapole.Youcanvaultafencebyputtingyourhandsonitandswingingyourselfover.hurdle:Tojumpoversomethingwhilerunning.Thehorsehurdledthefenceandranintothewoods.25.特点特征quality:Themostgeneralone.(特点)characteristic:Qualitytypicalofaparticularpersonandthing,aspecialandeasilyrecognizedqualityofsb/sth.Ithasmayscientificortechnicaluses.Itimpliesneutraldescriptioninreferringtoanyaspectofsomethingwithoutevaluatingitsrelativeimportancetothewhole.Ausefulcharacteristicofthecatisitsabilitytocatchandkillmice.(特征)character:Thebinationofqualitieswhichmakeaparticularperson,thing,place,etc.AtendencynottoshowemotionsissupposedtobepartoftheBritishnationalcharacter.(性质)nature:Thequalitiesmakesomeoneorsomethingdifferentfromothers.Itindicatesthewidestrangeoftraits,includingemotional,mentalandphysicalqualities.Itisonlyhumannaturetolikemoney.(特征)attribute:Aqualitybelongingtoorformingpartofthematureofapersonorthing.Thewordispositiveratherthannegative.Darknessisanattributeofnight.(特性)peculiarity:Thequalityofbeingpeculiar,strangeness,unusualness...word.zl.\n..Itshowsanunpleasantattributethatisquitenoticeable.Oneofhispeculiaritiesisthathistwoeyesarenotthesamesize.(特色)feature:Atypicalandnoticeablepartorquality.ItsuggestssomethingpositiveandspecificallyItreferstophysicalappearance.Alakeisanimportantfeatureinthisarea.(品质特性)trait:Aparticularqualityofsb/sth.Itreferstomoreabstractattributes.Honestyanddiligencearethechieftraitsofhischaracter.(个性)personality:Thewholenatureorcharacterofaparticularperson.Itreferstothewholeindefinableemotionalcolorationthataspecificpersongivesoff.Hehasastrongpersonality...word.zl.