高中英语状语从句 9页

⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯最新资料推荐⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯状语从句用法详解在主从复合句中修饰主句的动词、形容词、副词等的从句叫状语从句。一时间状语从句：起时间状语作用的从句。when,while,as,after,before,until/till,since,assoonas,immediately,themoment,everytime,whenever等。1.when,while,as1)when“当......的时候”，表示主从句的谓语动作同时发生或先后紧接着发生。IwasveryhappywhenIheardfromyou.Whenyoudealwiththem,youshouldbecautious.WhenIwasyoung,Iwenttotownmyself.（延续性动词）Whenthefirebrokeout,allthestudentsweresleepingsoundly.（非延续性动词）Asayoungman（=Whenhewasayoungman）,hewasfondofhunting.2）while引导的时间状语从句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词或表示状态的动词，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。MyfatherwaspreparingareportwhileIwasplayinggames.Pleasedon'ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.3)while意为“虽然,尽管”,还能引导让步状语从句.Whileitwaslate,hewentonworking.（虽然很晚了,但他还在继续工作.）Whileheisinpoorhealth,heworkshard.（虽然他身体不好,但他还是努力工作.）4）连接两个并列句子,表示“对比”关系.例如：Hewentoutforawalk,whileIstayedathome.他出去散步了,而我却呆在家里.）Ilikesingingwhileshelikesdancing.（我喜欢唱歌,而她喜欢跳舞.）Youlikesports,whileIprefermusic.5）as表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时发生，可译为“一边......，一边......”或“随着......。”Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.Astimegoeson,it'sgettingwarmerandwarmer.注意：如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作，when,while与as可互换。When/While/AsIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.2.till,until和not...until1）until/till肯定句：主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，主句、从句都为肯定式，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。Heremainedthereuntil/tillshearrived.Youmaystayhereuntil/tilltherainstops.2）否定句：主句的谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。构成not...until/till，意为“直到......才”。Shedidn'tgotobeduntilIcomeback.Don'tworry.Wewon'tsetoffuntilyouarrive.1\n⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯最新资料推荐⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯3）till不可以置于句首，而until可以。Untilyoutoldmethenews,Ihadnoideaofit.4）not...until句型中的强调和倒装用法。强调句型：ItwasnotuntilyoutoldmethatIhadanyideaofit.倒装句型：NotuntilyoutoldmedidIhaveanyideaofit.（notuntil置于句首，主句要用部分倒装结构）Notuntiltheclockstruck12didsherealizeshemustgohomeatonce.3.before1）before“没有来得及......就”“未......就”“......就......”Someonecalledmeupinthenight,buttheyhungupbeforeIcouldanswerthephone.Theyhadtalkedonlyafewminutesbeforetheyfoundtheywerequitedifferentinopinion.2）before作“......才......”Thebusdriveralmostknockedmedownbeforehesawme.Thefirelastedaboutfourhoursbeforethefirefighterswereabletocontrolit.3）before可译为“趁”“以免”“以防”等。I'lldoitbeforeIforgotit.趁还没有忘，我现在就把这事做了。We'dbetterfinishtheworkintimebeforethebossscoldsus.4）before可译为“（宁可......而）不愿”。He'ddiebeforeheapologizestothem.他宁死也不向他们道歉。I'dgiveuptheplanbeforeIturntohimforhelp.注意：“It+be+一段时间+before从句”中的主句和从句的时态有两种情况：如果主句用一般将来时，则从句用一般现在时，意为“多长时间以后某事即将发生”；Itwon'tbelongbeforewemeetagain.不久我们就会再见的。如果主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，意为“多长时间以后某事才发生”。Itwas3yearsbeforehecamebackfromabroad.三年后他才从国外回来。4.since译为“自从......，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。”Hehasstudiedveryhardsincehecametoourschool.Ihaven'theardanynoisesinceIslept.HehaswrittentomefrequentlysinceIwasill.5.assoonas,immediately,directly,instantly,themoment,theminute,theinstant,nosooner...than...,hardly/scarcely...when...和once（一......就）这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，常译作“一......就......。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。”ThemomentIheardthevoice,Iknewfatherwascoming.Nosoonerhadwearrivedatthestationthanthetrainleft.Theboyburstintotearsimmediatelyhesawhismother.注意：nosooner...than;hardly...when...时态搭配：2\n⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯最新资料推荐⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯nosooner与hardly引导的句子的谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子的谓语动词应用一般过去时。当把nosooner和hardly提到句首时，应用倒装语序。Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.6.everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thefirsttime,anytime,allthetime等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当......；每次......；下次......等。”Every/EachtimeIwasintrouble,hewouldcometohelpmeout.Nexttimeyoucome,doremembertobringyoursonhere.ThelasttimeshesawJames,hewaslyinginbed.IthinkofthethingsandthepeoplewhenwestudiedthereeverytimeIgobymymotherschool.二地点状语从句：在句中作地点状语的从句称为地点状语从句，可置于句首、句中或句尾。引导词有where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere等。Makemarkswhereyouhavequestions.Youcangoanywhereyoulike.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.注意：地点状语从句与定语从句的区别where引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地点的词作先行词；而状语从句前则无需用先行词。Gobackwhereyoucamefrom.Gobacktothevillagewhereyoucamefrom.You'dbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.（状语从句You'dbettermakeamarkattheplacewhereyouhaveanyquestions.（定语从句）三让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的连词有although,though,as,evenif,eventhough,while,whether...or...,whether(...)ornot,whatever,nomatterwhat/how/why等。1.though/although引导的让步状语从句1）although和though意义相同，都意为“虽然，即使”，表示让步，可互换使用，区别在于although语气较重，大多置于句首。2）though/although引导让步状语从句时，主句若用yet或still引出，更加强调对比性，但不可出现but。3）though引导的从句可以把表语、状语、动词等提至句首。在asthough,eventhough中一般不可用although代替。同时although不可当副词用，而though则可。Althoughit'sraining,theyarestillworkinginthefield.Shortthoughitis,thearticleisveryimportant.3\n⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯最新资料推荐⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯注意：though还可用作副词，意为“可是，然而”，置于句末。Hesaidhewouldcome;hedidn't,though.他说他会来，可是没有来。2.eventhough/evenif引导的让步状语从句Eventhoughheispoor,sheloveshim.(=Heispoor,yetsheloveshim.)Evenifheispoor,sheloveshim.(=Hemaybepoor,yetsheloveshim.)3.as引导的让步状语从句,从句中的表语、状语以及谓语中的实义动词需提前至从句句首，作表语的单数可数名词前如有冠词，冠词需要省去。Childas/thoughhewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.=Thoughhewasachild,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.Muchas/thoughIlikeit,Iwon'tbuyit,forit'stooexpensive.Tryas/thoughyoumay,youwillneversucceed.Tiredas/thoughhewas,hecontinuedtowork.4.whether..or/whether(...)ornot引导的让步状语从句You'llhavetoattendtheceremonywhetheryou'refreeorbusy.Whetheryoubelieveitornot,it'strue.5.while引导的让步状语从句表示“尽管”，比though/although语气弱。while引导的让步状语从句一般要位于句首。WhileIlikethecolor,Idon'tliketheshape.我虽然喜欢那颜色，但不喜欢那形状。WhileIunderstandwhatyousay,Ican'tagreewithyou.6.what-ever引导的让步状语从句,常可换成“nomatter+wh-词”，但在引导名词性从句时只能用wh-ever类词。I'llwaitforyouhowever(nomatterhow)lateitis.Whoever(Nomatter)youare,youmustkeepthelaw.注意：“nomatter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，而wh-ever类词还可以引导名词性从句或其他状语从句。I'lleatwhateveryougiveme.（what引导宾语从句）Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.（whoever引导主语从句）四原因状语从句1.）because语气最强，用以回答why引起的提问，它还可用于强调结构。Shewasafraidtomovebecauseasnakewaslyingbesideher.－Whydidtheyfail?－Itwasbecausetheydidn'tdotheirbest.2）as语气弱，较口语化，as从句多置于主句之前。Ashewasinahurry,helefthisbaghome.Asitwasapublicholiday,alltheshopswereshut.3）since的语气比较弱，常表示对方已知的事实，往往相当于汉语的“既然”。since从句多置于主句之前。4\n⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯最新资料推荐⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯SinceMondayisBob'sbirthday,let'sgivehimaparty.Sinceyouarefreetonight,whynotdropinandplaychesswithme?注意：上述三个词为从属连词，而for是一个并列连词。for有时可用来作附加说明，必须把其引起的句子放在某一句子之后。Weshouldbemorecareful,foritisalreadydark.2.nowthat主要用于口语，表示微弱的原因，that有时可以省略。Nowthatyouhavecome,youmayaswellstay.Nowthateverythingissettled,Ihavenoreasonhere.forthereasonthat的用法,that后是一个同位语从句，解释说明reason的内容。IoftengototheconcertforthesimplereasonthatIlovemusic.ForthereasonthatIhaven'tworkedhard,I'llhavetocrambeforethecomingexaminations.由于平时不努力，考试前我只好临时抱佛脚。that后的从句behappythat,besurprisedthat等中的that从句有时也被认为是原因状语从句。I'msorrythatIhaven'tdonesomuchasIshould.Wefeelproudthatourcountryisgettingstrongerandstronger.五方式状语从句as,asif/though等as引导方式状语从句。YoumustdotheexperimentasIdo.////Youarefinejustasyouare.asif/though引导方式状语从句。1）asif/though引导的方式状语从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性时，Sheclosedhereyesasifshewastired.2）如果从句所表示的情况不是事实，通常用虚拟语气。Heactedasifnothinghadhappened.HespeaksEnglishasifhewereaforeiner.Itsoundsasifhecouldsolvetheproblem.Theycompletelyignorethesefactsasif/thoughtheyneverexisted.注意：asif/though也可以引导一个分词短语，不定式短语或无动词短语。Hestaredatmeasifseeingmeforthefirsttime.Heclearedhisthroatasiftosaysomething.Thewavesdashedontherocksasifinanger.六条件状语从句常用引导词有if,unless,as/solongas,once,incase,onconditionthat,supposing(that),providing(that),provided(that),given(that)等。在条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时表示一般将来时，IwilldefinitelystudymedicineafterIfinishschool.在条件状语从句中,一般过去时表示过去将来时，5\n⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯最新资料推荐⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯Wearrivedattheairportbeforeitrained.现在完成时表示将来完成时。I’llwatchtvassoonasI’vefinishedmyhomework.if引导的条件状语从句Ifyouaskhim,hewillhelpyou.Ifyoufailintheexam,youwilllethimdown.unless引导的条件状语从句,意为“除非，若不”。Youwillfailtoarrivethereintimeunlessyoustartearlier.Unlessitrains,thegamewillbeplayed.oncondition(that)引导的条件状语从句,“在......条件下”。Icantellyouthetruthonconditionthatyoupromisetokeepitasecret.Iwilldoitonconditionthatyouhelpme.supposing/proving/provided/given(that)可以用作连词，意为“如果,倘若”，引导条件从句表示一种假设条件。Supposing(that)itrains,shallwecontinuethesportsmeeting?Providing/Supposing/Given/Provided(that)youpromisenottotellanyoneelse,I'lltellyouthedetails.incase引导的条件状语从句常放在主句前，表示“如果，假使”。Incasehecomes,tellhimtowaitawhile.Incaseanythingimportanthappens,pleasecallmeup.as/solongas引导的条件状语从句,意思是“只要”。Solongasyou'rehappy,itdoesn'tmatterwhatyoudo.As/Solongaswedon'tloseheart,we'llovercomeanydifficulty.once引导的条件状语从句，意为“一旦，一......就”，从句可置于主句前或后。Oncevirtueislost,allislost.一旦道德丢失了，什么都丢失了。Onceyoushowanyfear,thedogwillattackyou.七目的状语从句,常用来引导目的状语从句的有so,sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,incase(that),forthepurposethat,lest等。1.inorderthat,sothat引导的目的状语从句需要用情态动词，如may/might/will/would/shall/should/can/could等。Theycarvedthewordsonthestonesothat/inorderthatthefuturegenerationshould/mightrememberwhattheyhaddone.Inorderthatwemightseethesunrise,westartedforthepeakearly.sothat引导的从句只能置于主句之后，其中that有时可以省略。Weclimbedhighso(that)wemightgetabetterview.2.forfear(that),incase,lest引导的目的状语从句Wehadameetingandtalkedthematterfacetoface,forfearthatthereshouldbeany6\n⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯最新资料推荐⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯misunderstanding.我们开了一个面对面的会议讨论这个问题，以免引起误会。incase表示以防（万一）发生某种情况。Lest意为“以防”。Takeanumbrellawithyouincase/lestitshouldrain.带着伞以防下雨。八结果状语从句1.that,so,sothat,so...that...,suchthat,such...that...等。Wemovedtothecountrysothatwewereawayfromthenoisyanddullcity.Hespokeatthetopofhisvoicesothatthestudentsatthebackheardhim.2.so...that...引导的结果状语从句so+形容词/副词+that从句Lisalefthomesohurriedlythatshelefthercellphonehome.so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数形式+that从句Tomissokindaboythattheyallliketomakefriendswithhim.so+many/much/few/little+名词+that从句Thereissolittletimeleftthatwehavetospeedup.3.such...that...引导的结果状语从句such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数形式+that从句Heissuchagoodteacherthatweallrespecthim.such+形容词+可数名词复数形式/不可数名词+that从句Theseweresuchdifficultquestionsthatnoneofuscouldanswer.Wehadsuchterribleweatherthatwecouldn'tfinishtheworkontime.so...that...与such...that...的区别so是副词，其修饰的中心词是形容词、副词；such是形容词，其修饰的中心词是名词。Hespokesofastthatnooneunderstandhim.Theyaresuchfineteachersthatweallholdthemingreatrespect.Jackissohonestaworkerthatweallbelievehim.=Jackissuchanhonestworkerthatweallbelievehim.为了强调形容词或副词，so/such...that...引导的结果状语从句，可把so/such部分置于句首，主句用倒装语序。Soexcitedwashethathecouldnotfallintosleep.Suchgoodnewsdidwegetthateveryonewasexcited.九比较状语从句常用as...as,notas/so...as...,than等连词引导。“the+比较级...，the+比较级...结构也可引导比较状语从句。”同级比较常用“as...as...结构。”HespeaksEnglishaswellasyoudo.Hewokeupassuddenlyashehadfallenasleep.7\n⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯最新资料推荐⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯不同级比较常用“notas/so...as...结构。”Hishandwritingisnotasgoodasyours(is).Hedoesn'tspeakEnglishaswellasyoudo.差级或最高级比较常用结构“...than...。”Hewasmoresuccessfulthanwehadexpected.Hecanearnnomoremoneythanyoucan.比较关系的状语从句常用结构为“the+比较级...，the+比较级...。”Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyouwillmake.Thesooneryouareback,thebetteritwillbe.注意：what/as也可引导对称或对比关系的状语从句。Foodistomenwhat/asoilistomachine.食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。Enginesaretomachineswhat/asheartsaretoanimals.引擎对于机器而言就好比心脏对动物一样。十状语从句中的省略在表示时间、地点、条件、方式、比较或让步等的状语从句中，如果谓语含有动词be，主语又和主句的主语一致，或其主语是it，那么从句中的主语和谓语的一部分（尤其是be动词）往往可以省略。“从属连词+名词”式Though(heis)ayoungman,hehasmadeseveralinventions.As(hewas)achild,hebecameinterestedinart.“从属连词+形容词”式When(theyare)ripe,thegrapeswillbedelicious.Though(hewas)young,hehadtoliveonhimself.“从属连词+副词”式Once(youare)inside,begintowork.Unless(youare)here,youcan'tfindthiskindofplants.“从属连词+介词短语”式When(youare)indoubt,pleaselookupthedictionary.Thewavesdashedontherocksasif(theywere)inanger.“从属连词+不定式”式Hemovedhislipsasif(hewere)tospeaksomething.Hewouldn'tsolvetheproblemevenif(hewere)totakecharge.“从属连词+动词-ing”式Lookoutforcarswhen(youare)crossingthestreet.Beforehandinginthepapers,checkthemcarefully.=Beforeyouhandinthepapers,checkthemcarefully.“从属连词+动词的-ed”式When(itis)takenaccordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffects.Don'tcomeinuntil(youare)askedto.8\n⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯最新资料推荐⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯Shehasfinishedtheworkearlierthan(ithasbeen)expected.ifnecessary,ifpossible,iftrue,ifso,ifnot,ifanyone,unless,once,aslongas等词或短语也运用了省略形式。If(itis)necessary,youcanrefertothedictionary.If(itis)possible,I'llcometohelp.状语从句中“therebe常省略”Correctthemistakes,if(thereare)any(mistakes）inthesesentences.Weshouldn'tloseheartaslongas(thereis)anyhopewithus.9