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情态动词考试要求1.掌握常见情态动词2.情态动词+havedone典题精讲模块一:虚拟语气复习1.虚拟条件句的形式条件从句:haddone虚拟过去结果主句:would/could/should/mighthavedone虚拟现在条件从句:did/were结果从句:would/could/should/mightdo条件从句:did/weretodo/shoulddo虚拟将来结果从句:would/could/should/mightdo【陕西】Ifwe________theotherroad,wemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthemeeting.A.takeB.hadtakenC.tookD.havetaken2.虚拟条件句的倒装倒装的条件:条件句中含有had,should,were倒装的形式:省去if,将had/should/were提到句首【浙江】HadIknowaboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandenergy______.A.wouldhavebeensavedB.hadbeensavedC.willbesavedD.wassaved3.混合时间的虚拟语气\n如果条件句中的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生,主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整。4.含蓄条件句含蓄条件句中没有if引导的从句表示虚拟条件,其虚拟条件通常由without,butfor,otherwise等引出或表示,可以转换为if引导的条件从句。【四川】Withoutelectricity,humanlife_______quitedifferenttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe模块二:情态动词 1、can和could(could为can的过去式) 的基本用法(1)表示能力,如:HecanspeakEnglishbetterthanyou.(2)在疑问句和否定句中表示“怀疑”、“猜测”或“可能性”,如:CanthisgreenbikebeLiuDong's?(3)表示“许可”时can可以和may换用,如:Youcan(may)gohomenow. (4)如果要表示语气婉转,可用could代替can,这时could不再是can的过去式,如:Couldyoucomeagaintomorrow?(5)can和beableto都可表示能力,两者在意思上没有什么区别。但是can只能有现在式和过去式,而beableto则有更多的形式,如:Hewillbeabletodotheworkbetter. 2、may和might(might为may的过去式)的基本用法 (1)表示允许或征询对方许可,有“可以”之意,如:Youmayusemydictionary. 在回答对方说“可以做某事”或“不可以做某事”时,一般多不用may或 maynot,以避免语气生硬或不容气。而用比较婉转的说法进行回答。如:----MayIusethisdictionary?----Yes,please. 或 ----Certainly. 在请求对方许可时,如果MightI…?就比用MayI…? 语气更婉转些,如:MayIhavealookatyournewcomputer? 表示“阻止”或“禁止”对方做某事时,要用mustnot代替maynot如:----Mayweswiminthislake?----No,youmustn’t.It’stoodangerous.(2)may或 might都可以表示可能性,表示“或许”、“可能”之意,如果用might表示可能性,则语气更加不肯定,如:They may(might)beinthelibrarynow.3、must的基本用法\n(1)must表示“必须”、“应该”之意,其否定式 mustnot,缩写形式为 mustn't,表示“不应该”,“不准”、“不许可”或“禁止”之意,如:Wemuststudyhardandmakeprogresseveryday.Youmustn'ttouchthefire.(2)对以must提出的疑问句,如作否定回答时,要用needn't或用don't(doesn't)haveto(不 必)来回答,而不用mustn't,因为mustn't表示的是“禁止”或“不许可”之意,如:----Mustwefinishtheworktomorrow?----No,youneedn't(don'thaveto),butyoumustfinish itinthreedays.(3)在肯定句中must可以表示推测,表示“一定”或“必定”之意。如:----Whosenewbikecanitbe?----ItmustbeLiuDong's.Iknowhisfatherhasjustboughthimanewone.4、can,could,may,must后接完成式的用法(1)can,could后接完成式的用法:①在否定句或疑问句中表示对过去发生过的事情的“怀疑”或“不肯定”的态度Couldhehavesaidso?②在肯定句中,可以表示过去可能做到而实际并没做到的事情,有“劝告”或“责备”的语气。如:----Whendidyouanswerherletter?----Onlyyesterday.----It'stoolate.Youcouldhaveanswereditearlier,Iamsure.(2)may,might后接完成式的用法 ①表示对过去某事的推测,认为某一件事情在过去可能发生了。如果使用might,语气就比较婉转或更加不肯定。如:MarymighthavelearnedsomeChinesebefore.②可以表示过去本来可以做到而实 际没有做到的事情,有“劝告”或“责备”的语气。如:Youdidn'tdotheworkwellthatday.Youmighthavedoneitbetter.(3)must后接完成式的用法:表示对过去某事的推测,认为某事在过去一定做到 了。如:LiuDongisn’tintheclassroom.Hemusthavegonetothelibrary.5、haveto 的基本用法:haveto和must的意义相近,只是 must侧重表示说话人的主观看法,而haveto则表示客观需要,如:Imuststudyhard.Ihadtogiveitupbecauseofillness. 6、oughtto的基本用法(l)表示根据某种义务或必要“应当”做某事,语气比should强。\n例如:Everyoneoughttoobeythetrafficregulations. (2)表示推测,注意与must表示推测时的区别:Hemustbehomebynow.(断定他已到家),Heoughttobehomebynow.(不十分肯定),Thisiswheretheoilmustbe.(比较直率) ,Thisiswheretheoiloughttobe.(比较含蓄);(3)“ought+have+ 过去分词”表示过去应做某事而 实际未做。例如:Yououghttohavehelpedhim.(butyoudidn’t) 这时,ought与 should可以互相换用。 7、dare的基本用法(l)dare(dared为其过去式) 作情态动词用时,主要用于否定句,疑问句和条件从句中如:Daredhebreadthetrafficregulationsagain?(2)在现代英语中dare常用作行为动词,其变化与一般行为动词相同如:Shedarestostayathomealoneatnight.8、need的基本用法(1)need作情态动词用时,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,如:Heneedn'tworryaboutusnow. (2)need也可作为行为动词用,可用于肯定句,否定句和疑问句中,其后可接名词、代词、动名词或带to 的动词不定式为其宾语。(3)如:Youneedtopractisereadingaloudeveryday.(3)needn't后接完成式可以表示过去做了一件本来不必要做的事情。如:----Didyouanswertheletteryesterday?----Yes,Idid.----Butyouneedn’thaveansweredit.9、shall的基本用法(1)shall用作情态动词时,用于第二、三人称,表示说活人的意愿,可表示“命令”、“警告”、“强制”、“威胁”或“允诺”等意如:Heshallgofirst,whetherhewantstoornot.(2)在疑问句中,shall用于第一、三人称,表示说话人的征询对方意见或请求指示如:ShallIopenthedoor?10、should的基本用法(1)should作为情态动词可以表示“建议”或“劝告”,有“应该”之意如:Youshouldlearnfromeachother.(2)should后接完成式表示过去没有做到本来应该做的事情,或是做了本来不应该做的事情。如:Youshouldhavegivehimmorehelp.\n11、will的基本用法(1)用于各人称,可以表示“意志”或“决心”如:Ihavetoldhimagainandagaintostopsmoking,buthewillnotlisten.(2)在疑问句中用于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问对方的意愿如:WillyoupleasetellmehowtogettotheCapitalGymnasium?(3)will可以表示一种习惯性的动作,有“总是”或“会要”之意如:Everymorninghewillhaveawalkalongthisriver.12、would的基本用法(1)would作为will的过去式,可用于各人称,表示过去时间的“意志”或“决心”如:Hepromised hewouldneversmokeagain. (2)在疑问句中,用于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出请求或许问对方的意愿时,比用will的气更加婉转如:Wouldyoulikesomemorecoffee? (3)在日常生活中,学用“Iwouldliketo…”表示“我想要”或“我愿意”之意,以使语气婉转如:IwouldliketodoEx.2first.(4)would可以表示过去的习惯动作,比usedto正式,并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。如:LastyearourEnglishteacherwouldsometimestellusstoriesinEnglishafterclass./Duringthevacationhewouldvisitmeeveryweek. (5)表料想或猜想,如:Itwouldbeabouttenwhenhelefthome./Whatwouldshebedoingthere?/Ithoughthewouldhavetoldyouaboutit.13、usedto,hadbetter,wouldrather的用法(1)usedto表示过去的习惯动作或状态,现在已不存在,在间接引语中,其形式可不变例如:Hetoldusheusedtoplayfootballwhenhewasyoung. 在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句或强调句中,可有两种形式。疑问句:Didyouuseto/Usedyoutogotothesameschoolasyourbrother? 否定句:Iusedn’tto/didn’tusetogothere.(usedn’t 也可写作usen’t);否定疑问句:Usen’tyouto/Didn’tyouusetobeinterestedinthetheatre? 强调句:Icertainlyusedto/didusetosmoke,butitwasalongtimeago.;其反意疑问句或简略回答中,也有两种形式:Sheusedtobeveryfat.didn’tshe?/use(d)n’tshe?Didyouusetoplaychess?Yes,Idid./Usedyoutogetupearlyinthemorning?\nYes,Idid./usedto.(2)hadbetter意为“最好”,后接不带to的不定式例如:----Wehadbettergonow.----Yes,wehad(we'dbetter/wehadbetter)./Hadn’twebetterstopnow?(Hadwebetternotstopnow?)/IthinkI’dbetterbegoing.(用于进行时态,表“最好立即”)/Youhadbetterhavedonethat(用于完成时态,表未完成动作)(3)wouldrather意为“宁愿”,表选择,后接不带to的不定式例如:I’drathernotsayanything./Wouldyouratherworkonafarm?/----Wouldn’tyouratherstayhere?----No,Iwouldnot.I’drathergothere. 由于wouldrather表选择,因 而后可接than例如:Iwouldratherworkonafarmthaninafactory./IwouldratherwatchTVthangotoseethefilm/Iwouldratherloseadozencherrytreesthanthatyoushouldtellmeonelie./I’dratheryoudidn’ttalkaboutthistoanyone.(句中的 'drather不是情态动词,would 在此是表愿望的实义动词)课堂检测1.(2013年高考英语安徽卷)28.I______tomycousin’sbirthdaypartylastnight,butIwasnotavailable
A.wentB.hadgoneC.wouldgoD.wouldhavegone
【答案】D
【解析】butIwasnotavailable”,由此可以看出,昨晚的聚会我没有参加,所以空处是与过去事实相反的动作,故正确答案是wouldhavegone。
【拓展】与过去事实相反的动作,从句用haddone,主句用would/should/could/mightdosth。
【句意】昨晚我本来要去参加表哥的生日聚会,但我没空。
2.(2013年高考英语北京卷)34.Ifwe______atableearlier,wecouldn’tbestandinghereinaqueue.
A.havebookedB.bookedC.bookD.hadbooked
【答案】D【解析】wouldbestanding可以推出,用的是虚拟语气,这样,if就是一个虚拟条件句,“订餐”是发生在过去,故是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句,句中谓语动词应该用had\ndone的形式,因此锁定答案。
【句意】如果我们早点订餐,现在就不会在这里排队了。
3.(2013年高考英语福建卷)30.—DoyouthinkGeorgehaspassedthedrivingtest?
—No.Ifso,he_____hiscartoourcollegeyesterday.
A.woulddriveB.droveC.wouldhavedrivenD.haddriven
【答案】C。【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。根据句中的yesterday可以判断出是与过去的事实相反,所以句用wouldhavedone结构。
【句意】你觉得乔治通过汽车驾驶员行驶执照的考试了吗?
没有。如果他通过了的话,他昨天就会开车来我们大学了。4.IshouldnothavelaughedifI______youwereserious.
A.thoughtB.wouldthinkC.hadthoughtD.havethought
【答案】C。【解析】本题考查非真实条件句的虚拟语气。根据主句中shouldnothavelaughed可知,本句所讲与过去事实相反。If引导非真实条件句表示与过去事实相反时,从句结构为haddone.。所以选A。
【句意】如果我当时想到你是认真的,我就不会笑了。______eatoutforachangethisweekend.
A.shouldB.mightC.couldD.would
【答案】A
【解析】suggests,后跟宾语从句,谓语动词要用(should)dosth,故答案是A。
【拓展】与建议,命令,要求,坚持等相关的名词性从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气,谓语动词用(should)do的形式。
【句意】妈妈建议我们这个周末出去吃饭换换样。
6.(2013年高考英语天津卷)14.IfhehadspentmoretimepracticingEnglishbefore,he______abletospeakitmuchbetternow
A.willbeB.wouldbeChasbeenD.wouldhavebeen
课后复习
1.Ifthey_________todothiswork,hemightdoitsomeotherway. A.were B.should C.will D.can2.Iwastoldyesterdaythatthecompany_________metoRomenextweekforabusiness\nconference. A.shouldhavesent B.weregoingtosendC.shouldbesending D.shouldsend3.Let'stakeawalk,________? A.willwe B.don'twe C.dowe D.shallwe4.Hewasagoodswimmersohe_________swimtotheriverbankwhentheboatsank. A.could B.might C.should D.wasableto5.Iwenttothedoctor'syesterday,Ihadtowaitforhalfanhourbeforehe________seeme. A.can B.may C.might D.could6.----_________thisbookbeyours? ----No,it________notbemine.It________behis. A.Can,must,may B.May,might,must C.Can,may,must D.Must,can,may7."Wedidn'tseehimatthelectureyesterday." "He_________it." A.mustn'tattend B.can'thaveattended C.wouldhavenotattended D.neededhaveattended8.They_________theplane,orperhapstheyhavebeenpreventedfromcomingforsomereason. A.canhavemissed B.mayhavemissed C.canhavelost D.mayhavelost9.Sincethegroundiswhite,it_________lastnight.A.hadsnowedB.musthavesnowed C.mustbesnowing D.musthavebeensnowing10.Youmustbefifty,________? A.mustn'tyou B.needn'tyou C.aren'tyou D.mnyn'tyou11.Youmusthaveseenhimoffyesterday,_________? A.haven'tyou B.didn'tyou C.mustn'tyou D.needn'tyou12.----Thatmustbeamistake. ----No.it_________be. A.can't B.isn'tableto C.can D.wasableto13.Hehadknownthematterbeforeyoutoldhim,soyou_________havetoldittohim. A.mustn't B.can't C.needn't D.shouldn't14.How________so? A.dareyoutosay B.dareyousay C.doyoudaresay D.daretosay15.Youaretheirteacher.You_________careofthem. A.shouldtotake B.mighttotake C.oughttotake D.needtotake16.Sheisstudyingmedicalsciencenowbutshe_________alawyer. A.usedtobe B.wouldbe C.were D.hadbeen\n17.IfyouwereinanEnglish-speakingcountry,you,too,_________Englisheveryday. A.willbeusedtospeak B.willbeusedtospeaking C.mustbeusedtospeak D.wouldbeusedtospeaking18.Ididnotcalltomakemyairlinereservation(预订)butI_________. A.shouldhave B,mayhave C.musthave D.shallhave19.Asagirl,she_________getupatsixeveryday. A.would B.will C.might D.should20.Don'tyourememberthatwe_________tothecinematonight? A.wouldgo B.go C.aregoing D.willbegone21.----ShallItellJohnaboutit? ----No,you_________.I'vetoldhimalready. A.needn't B.wouldn't C.mustn't D.shouldn't22."WouldyoumindifIopenthewindow?" “__________”. A.Idon'tlikeit B.Yes.please C.No,please D.No.I'msorry23."Wouldyoutellmesomethingabouttheaffair?" A.Yes.please B.Allright C.Notatall D.Ido24.M:________? T:I'dloveto,butI'mafraidIhavenotime." M:0h,no.You'llsurelycomeover. T:It'sveryniceofyou.ButI'msorryIhavetogotoameeting.A.Doyouhavelunchoutinarestaurant B.ShallIhaveyouwithmeatmybirthday C.Didyougotoseethefilm D.Haveyouenjoyedyourselfattheparty25."Yououghttohavecomeheretenminutesago?" "Yes,I_________." A.oughtto B.oughttohave C.ought D.haveoughtto26."Wouldyouliketogooutforawalk?" "Yes,___________." A.I'dliketo B.I'dlike C.I'llliketo D.Iwould27.________yousucceed! A.Can B.May C.Must D.Will28.Didheneed________then? A.leave B.toleave C.leaving D.left29.Doyouthinkifhedares_________inpublic.\n A.speak B.speaking C.tospeak D.spoken30.He________eatingAmericanfoodsincehecamehere. A.usedto B.hasbeenused C.hasbeenusedto D.wasusedto31.Acomputer________thinkforitself;it________betoldwhattodo. A.maynot,must B.mustn't,might C.shouldn't,could D.can't,must32."________youmindmyopeningthewindow?" "Notatall." A.Shall B.Should C.Will D.Would33.1didn'thearthephone.I_________asleep. A.mustbe B.musthavebeen C.shouldhavebeen D.couldhavebeen34.You_________meaboutitearlier,butyoudidn't. A.shouldhavetold B.wouldhavetold C.musthavetold D.shouldtell35.Theteachertoldthestudentsthatthey________keepsilentinclassallthetime. A.oughttonot B.oughtnotto C.oughtnottohave D.can't 参考答案:1~5ABDDD 6~10CBBBC 11~15BACBC 16~20ADAAC 21~25ACBBB26~30ABBCC 31~35DDBAB 36~40ADBAA