高中英语语音教学 53页

英语语音专题\nTheAlphabet\n统教给学生48个音标的发音方法（如舌、牙齿的位置，口形以及口的张开程度等）；然后不断地给学生总结字母以及字母组合的发音规律，循序渐进，反复练习，逐步掌握；最后有计划、有步骤地在已学的单词复习中练习语音知识，在即将出现的新词中检测和巩固语音知识，使学生在掌握语音知识的同时对新单词能自己拼读，以培养学生的自学能力和学习的积极主动精神。\n如手势法、辨音法、口形定位法、模仿法、演示法、对比法、录音法以及游戏法等。每种教学方法都有其适用性，教师应充分发挥各种方法的优势并综合运用各种方法，以调动学生学习语音的兴趣。\nPronunciation\nLakeFakeTakeNameDateGate\nBrakesliceHikeBoneCaseHopefulStoveVaseBehaveCave\n听写以上单词。\n\nInternationalPhoneticsymbols（国际音标）\n1.什么是国际音标？由于英语的拼写形式和读音有很大的分歧,所以无法完全根据字母来读音。为了精确地学习和掌握语音,就要借助一种注音手段来弥补这一缺陷,于是便产生了一定数量的精确记录语音的符号，叫做“音符”(Phoneticsymbols)。我们这里所说的国际音标是专门为英语注音的那一部分标音符号。目前我国通用的国际音标共有48个,其中,元音音标20个，辅音音标28个。\nHowmanyphoneticsymbolsarethere?48phoneticsymbolsVowelsoundsConsonantsPurevowelsdiphthongsVoicelessC.VoicedC.[i:][i][e][æ][ə:][ə][۸][α:][ɔ:][ɔ][u:][u][ei][əu][ai][au][ɔi][iə][ɛə][uə][p][t][k][f][s][Ѳ][ʃ][ʧ][tr][ʦ][h][b][d][g][v][z][ð][ӡ][dӡ][dr][dz][r][l][m][n][ŋ][w][j]\n元音vowels(20个)元音的分类:英语元音音素共20个，分单元音和双元音两大类。(A)单元音（12个）：a.前元音：/i:/,/i/,/e/,/æ/b.后元音：/u:/,/u/,/כ:/,/כ/,/a:]/c.中元音：/ә:/,/ә/,/Λ/\n(B)双元音（8个）：a.合口双元音：/ei/,/כi///ai/,әu/,/au/,b.集中双元音：/iә/,/εә/,/uә/以上所讲的是按发音时舌的活动范围来分类的，此外,可以按发音时的唇形分类：圆唇音/ɔ/,/ɔ:/,/u/,/u:/；扁唇音/i:/,/ә:/；以及按长、短音分类：长元音/i:/,/u:/,/ә:/,/כ:/,/a:/，短元音/i/,/e/,/æ/,/u/,/כ/,/ә/,/Λ/\n元音音素的发音方法和位置：前元音(Frontvowels)/i:/,/i/,/e/,/æ/前元音的特点就是前舌在活动,舌尖都抵下齿背,前舌都向硬颚抬起,只是高度不同。发/i:/音时前舌抬得最高,发/æ/音时前舌最低。发/i:/音时牙床开得最小,发/æ/音时牙床开得最大。唇的扁平程度和肌肉的紧张程度也不同。带有“:”的要发长音,不带“:”的发短音。但是/æ/虽然不带“:”,但要比其他短音发得稍长一些。\n1.前元音[i:]–e,ee,ea,ie,ei,eo…A:Teaorcoffee?B:TeaforLeeandcoffeeforme,please.[i]–i,e,y,ey…Hislittlesisterissittinginthemiddle.[e]–e,ea,ai…Good,better,best.Neverletitrest.Tillgoodisbetter.Andbetterbest.[æ]–aCat,cat!Catchthatblackrat!hesee,read,piece,ceiling,peopleis,English,busy,moneyred,then,head,againhat,bag,can,apple\nCompareit--eat2.live—leave3.fill—feel4.seat—sit5.tree—trip6.bit—bee7.sheep—ship8.deed—did9.live—leave10.feed—fit11.pea—pit12.rid—read13.street—strict14.sleep—slip\nComparebet--bat2.pat—pet3.bag—beg4.sat—set5.neck--lack6.sad—said7.bad—bed8.dad—dead9.lad—led10.fad—fed\nc.中元音(Centralvowels)/ә:/,/ә/，/Λ/中元音的特点就是舌的中部稍稍隆起（不太容易感觉到）,舌平放口中,不抵下齿背；口腔各部分都很自然,肌肉松弛。发这两个中元音的方法及部位类似,区别在于：发/ә/音时,牙床半开,双唇中常,只要一张口就可发出/ә/音,它是12个单元音中最弱、最模糊的一个音。\n[ə]–er,a,e,o,ourThefarmer’ssisterisadoctor.[ə:]–ir,ur,or,ear,erTheearlybirdcatchesthewormfirst.[Λ]–o,uCometothefrontonthedouble.clever,ruler,panda,open,today,colourgirl,shirt,purple,work,earth,herlove,colour,us,duck中元音\nPhrases[ə:]AdirtyskirthurtabirdLearntoworkworseandworse\nReadthewordsagoagainaddresshundredparentlicensewaterAugustbananatodaycolourpoliceman[ə]\n[]PhrasesSoonerorlaterAutumnandAugustWorkerandfarmeraboutthepictureoftheteacher\nb.后元音(Backvowels)/ɑ:/,/ɔ/,/ɔ:/,/u/,/u:/后元音的特点就是后舌在活动。发后元音时舌不抵下齿背,而是平放在口中,只是后舌抬起的高度不同。/ɔ/,/ɔ:/,/u/,/u:/是圆唇音,发/ɔ/音时是大圆唇,发/ɔ:/,/u/,/u:/音时,唇依次缩小,发/u:/音时就成了小圆唇了。发/ɑ:/音时牙床开得最大,依次缩小,到发/u:/音时牙床开得最小。\n[a:]–ar,a…It’sfartothefarmfromthepark.[כ]–o,aThelittlepotissohot.[כ:]—or,a,au,arMydaughterwho’sforty-fourisalawyer.[u]–ooLookatthecookbook.It’sreallygood.[u:]–oo,u,ou,oe…Howdoyoudo?Youlookreallycool.shop,sorry,watch,whatmorning,call,autumn,warmfootball,wood,classroom,booksoon,ruler,soup,shoehalf,class,park,hard后元音\nCompare[Λ][a:]cut--cart2.luck—lark3.duck—dark4.tough—task5.mud—mark6.bus—bath7.far—fun8.shut—shark\n[a:][Λ]['fa:]['sΛp]['ka:pit]['sΛndi]['pa:ti][bΛs][fa:m][sΛn]['ba:skit][kΛt]\nCompare[][]pot--port2.lot—lord3.not—north4.fox—forks5.shot—short6.wok—walk7.spot—sport8.cock—caught\nCompare[][ə]walk—workshort—shirtwarm—worddoor---dirtsore---sircause---curd\n_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[i:][i][e][æ][a:][ɔ:][ɔ][u:][u]Λ[][ə:][ə]单元音vowels(12个)\n双元音\n[ei]–a,ai,ay,ea,eiRain,raingoaway.LittleJohnnywantstoplay.[ai]–i,yOutofsight,outofmind.[כi]—oy,oiSoybeanoilismychoice.[əu]–o,oa,ow,Goandopenthewindow,Joe,andshowmethephoto.[au]–ou,owIfoundamouseinthehouse.game,rain,play,greatfive,idea,try,goodbyeboy,toy,point,oilold,hello,coat,showabout,round,down,town\nfacesamegameplaywastehatelatehaycomplainfamousReadthewordsIlifequietmindpricenightdieshywhiteliehigh\nPhrases[ei]hatetobelatesaveherfaceneverwastemetthefirstlady\n[ai]PhrasestheblueskyinthecountrysidethebitingwindOutofsight,outofmind\n[ai]写法________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1[→2[ai→3[ai]\nroadcoatgoatboatloadcoldsmokegohomehopeReadthewordshowaboutshoutcowloudmousegroundhourcrownmouth\nPhrases[əu]GoldCoastmakeatoastbeallbonesthelocallanguage\nPhrases[au]goforanoutingbetweenourselvesreadaloudoutofdate\n[au]________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________写法1[→2[au→3[au]\nLearnthephrasestoilandmoilaspoiledboyAnnoyingnoiseliveforenjoyment\nLearnthephrasestoilandmoilaspoiledboyAnnoyingnoiseliveforenjoyment\nReadthewordsBoysandgirls,pleasepayattentionto“oy”!boytoyjoysoyannoyingemploy\nReadthewordsNowpleasepayattentionto“oi”!oilsoilboilcoinpointnoise\n[iə]–ear,eer,eaWeareneartheendoftheyear.[ɛə]–ere,air,are,eirWherethereisawill,thereisaway.[uə]–ure,ourIt’ssuretobegoodforthetourists.Poortour!hear,year,deer,reallythere,chair,careful,theirsure,tour,poor,February\n[ɛə]写法________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1[→2[ɛə→3[ɛə]\nReadthewords[iə]eardearheartearfearclearherebeersneerpeer[Èə]pearwearwheredarecaresharebarerarehairflairfairstairrepair\nReadthephrases[iə]comeheredrinkthebeerveryclearfearnothinghereandthereCheeringwithtears\nLearnthephrasesshareyourbananawithmonkeyeatalotofpearsararemetalrunbarefootatthetradefair\nReadthewords[uə]sureunsurebrochurepoormoortour\nTongueTwisterSuresuresure,Poorpoorpoor,I’msureyouknowI’mpoor,SoIcan’tgotomakeatour.\n_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[iə][ɛə][uə][ei][ai][əu][au][ɔi][i:][i][e][æ][a:][][ə:][ə][ɔ:][ɔ][u:][u]Λ元音vowels(20个)\n谢谢观看！2020