高中英语 特殊句式 21页

特殊句式主讲：Kelly\n特殊句式倒装句反意疑问句省略句强调句\n特殊句式之倒装句倒装句完全倒装（1、状语+谓语+主语；2、表语+系动词+主语）部分倒装only在句首否定词在句首否定短语在句首so/such引导的部分位于句首as引导的状语从句省略if的虚拟条件句\n一、完全倒装谓语动词完全放置主语之前的句子，便是完全倒装句。这类句型主要有两种：1．状语+谓语+主语为了强调状语，把表示方位或时空的副词或介词短语，如here/there，now/then，up/down，in，away，off，out，intheroom，onthewall等，置于句首时。如：在英格兰一所大学的讲堂里坐着一位教授InalecturehallofauniversityinEngland__________________.一个小型工厂坐落在河的南岸Southoftheriver__________________sitsaprofessorliesasmallfactory.倒装句\n2．表语＋连系动词＋主语：PresentatthemeetingweresomescientistsfromChina.许多来自中国的科学家出席了会议。Gonearethedayswhenwewerepoor.我们贫穷的日子一去不复返了。二.部分倒装1．only修饰状语（从句），且放在句首时，主句要到装OnlyinthiswaycanwelearnEnglishwell.【注意】only修饰主语时，句子不可倒装。如：Onlyyoucansolvetheproblem.\n2、否定词放句首，表示强调时，要部分倒装：NeverbeforehaveImethim.HardlydidIthinkitpossible.Notasinglepaperdidthescholarwritethewholeterm(条款).Seldomdidtheboyreadnewspaper.LittledoIdreamofseeingsuchwonderfulscenery（风景).Nowherecouldwefindthebook.【否定词】never,hardly/scarcely(几乎不)、seldom,little,barely几乎没有，rarely不常，很少nowhere无处，到处都无\nbynomeans;innocase;atnotime决不；not…until;hardly(scarcely)…when,；nosooner….than(一…..就)Hardlyhadheenteredthehousewhenitbegantorain.Nosoonerhadtheyenteredthehousethanitbegantorain.【补充】hardly...when...，nosooner...than...，notonly...butalso...等引导两个分句时，前一个分句用部分倒装，后一个分句不变。但当neither...nor...引导两个分句时，两个分句都要部分倒装。如：Hardly____________________whenhisfatherstoppedhim.他刚一开始说话他父亲就制止了他。Neither__________，nor________.我不知道，她也不知道。hadhebeguntospeakdoIknowdoesshe.3、否定短语在句首时的倒装\n在so/such...that...句式中，如果so/such引导的部分位于句首时，主句中的主语和谓语需要部分倒装.天这么黑，他看不见同伴的脸。___________________________________________________他说话声音如此大以至于隔壁的人都能听见。____________________thateventhepeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.Soangrywashethathecouldn’tspeak.Suchgreatprogressdidhemakethathewaspraised.Sodarkwasitthathecouldn’tseethefacesofhiscompanions.Soloudlydidhespeak4、在so/such...that...句式中的部分倒装\n5、以as引导的让步状语从句，其表语应提到句首，其余部分不变。如果从句的表语是个名词，要把名词前的冠词去掉。其结构一般为“adj./adv./v./v.ed/v.ing/n.＋as＋主语＋谓语”。___________________，shehasseenmuchoftheworld.她虽然年轻，但却见过很多世面。________________，sheiscourageous.她虽然是女人，但却很勇敢。【判断正误】Achildas/thoughheis,heisverybrave.Childas/thoughheis,heisverybrave.Youngas/thoughsheisWomanassheisas/though引导的让步状语从句中的倒装\n如果虚拟语气的条件句中谓语有系动词were，助动词had或情态动词should等，可省去if，把were，had或should移到主语之前。如：如果我是你，我会接受他的建议。_________________________________万一明天下雨，运动会就会推迟举行。__________________，thesportsmeetingwouldbeputoff.Werehe(＝Ifhewere)herenow,Icouldaskhim.Shouldhe(＝Ifheshould)come,tellhimtoringmeup.HadI(=IfIhad)gotupearlierthismorning,Iwouldhavecaughttheearlybus.WereIyou，Iwouldtakehisadvice.Shoulditraintomorrow6．省略if的倒装句型\n真题再现1、Notuntilquiterecently________thatlanguageiscloselyrelatedtoculture.A．herealizedB．didherealizeC．hadherealizedD．hedidrealize【解析】Bnotuntil引导的短语置于句首，后面要用部分倒装结构，所以要排除A和D；此外，句子中没有明显的“过去的过去”标志词，所以不能用过去完成时，故C项也得排除。\n真题再现2、AtthemeetingplaceoftheYangtzeRiverandtheJialingRiver________，oneofthetenlargestcitiesinChina.A．liesChongqingB．ChongqingliesC．doeslieChongqingD．doesChongqinglie3、Welaughatjokes，butseldom____abouthowtheywork.A．wethinkB．thinkweC．wedothinkD．dowethink【解析】A考查倒装句。为了表示强调，把作状语的介词短语提到句首，此时句子采用完全倒装的语序【解析】D考查倒装用法。seldom，hardly，never，no等具有否定意义的词位于句首句子用部分倒装语序。\n真题再现4、______intherootofhisfamilythathedecidedtomakeatriptoAfricaforfurtherresearch.A．SointerestedKuntawasB．SointerestedwasKuntaC．HowinterestedKuntawasD．Kuntawassuchinterested【解析】B考查倒装句。so…that这个固定句式中的so及其修饰成分提到句首时，句子倒装，因此B项正确。\n特殊句式之反意疑问句反意疑问句复合句后的反意疑问句并列句后的反意疑问句否定句后的反意疑问句祈使句后的反意疑问句\n如果主句的谓语动词是think，believe，suppose，imagine，guess，expect等，后面的反意问句要注意三种情况：(1)如果主语是第一人称I，后面的反意问句需与从句的主谓相一致。【例4】Ibelieveourteamwillwinthematch，________？A.doweB.don’tweC.willitD.won’tit答案：D(2)如果主句的主语是其它人称，后面的反意问句常需与主句的主谓相一致。【例5】Sheexpectsyouwillhaveagoodtimethere，________？A.doesn’tsheB.doessheC.willyouD.won’tyou答案：A1、复合句后的反意疑问句\n(3)如果主句的动词是否定式，后面的反意问句要用肯定式。【例6】Idon’tthinkheisright，________？A.isheB.isn’theC.doID.don’tI答案：A【例7】Youdon’tsupposetheywillcometonight，________？A.doyouB.don’tyouC.won’ttheyD.willthey答案：A\n两个并列句(常见的连词有：or，and，but，while，for等)后面的反意问句的主谓一般需与离它近的那个分句的主谓相一致。【例9】Themanworkshardandheisthebestworkerinhisfactory，________？A.doesheB.doesn’theC.isheD.isn’the答案：D2、并列句后的反意疑问句\n1.前面的陈述部分有否定词not，no，never，nobody，noone，nothing，nowhere等时，反意问句用肯定形式。【例10】Hedidnotfinishhishomework，________？A.didheB.didn’theC.didnotheD.nothe答案：A2.前面的陈述部分有半否定词hardly，rarely，scarcely，few，little，seldom等时，反意问句用肯定形式。【例11】Tomseldomwenttoseeafilmlastmonth，________？A.didn’theB.didhenotC.didheD.hedid答案：C3.陈述部分有否定前(后)缀词(如：dis，in，un，less)时，反意问句要用否定形式。【例12】Johnwasunhappyaboutthis，________？A.wasJohnB.wasn’tJohnC.washeD.wasn’the答案：D3、否定句后的反意疑问句\n1.Let’s开头，反意问句用shall_we；Letus开头，反意问句用will_you【例13】Let’sgoshopping，________？A.shallweB.shallyouC.willyouD.willwe答案：A【例14】Letusgoswimminginthelake，________？A.shallweB.shallyouC.willyouD.willwe答案：C2.其它形式的祈使句后面，一般用will_you。【例15】Don’ttalkinclass，________？A.doyouB.don’tyouC.willyouD.shallwe答案：C4、祈使句后的反意疑问句\n反意疑问句补充陈述部分主语反意疑问部分主语疑问部分谓语的数例句this,thatit单数Thisisabike，isn'tit？these,thosethey复数Thesearenotyourbooks,arethey？everything,anything,something,nothingit单数Nothinghashappened,hasit？everyone,nobody,someone,somebody,he或they(更常见)单数或复数Nobodylikestobelaughedat,doeshe/dothey？\n练习题Idon’tsupposeanyonewillbewillingtodothehardjob,______？A．doIB．don‘tIC．willtheyD．won’tthey2.Neverbefore____seenanybodywhocanplaytennisaswellasRobert.A．hadsheB．shehadC．hassheD．shehas3.Onlywiththegreatestofluck______toescapefromtherisingfloodwaters.A．managedsheB．shemanagedC．didshemanageD．shedidmanage4.Peoplewhohaveregularphysicalexerciseseldomcatchadiseaselikeflu，______？A．havetheyB．don’ttheyC．haven’ttheyD．dothey