高中英语分词讲解 13页

分词主动形式被动形式现在分词一般式writingBeingwritten现在分词完成式HavingwrittenHavingbeenwritten过去分词written\n分词的时态和语态分词的时态1.分词一般式表示的动作和位于动词所表示的动作同时发生，或一个紧接着另一个发生。在书面语中常用作背景描写。E.g.Walkingdownthestreet,IranintoMr.Zhang.Livinginthecountry,wehadfewsocialengagement.\n2.分词完成式（havingdone/havingbeendone）表示动作在位于动词所表示的动作之前发生。E.g.Havingnoteddownournamesandaddresses,thepolicemandismissedus.Havingpassedmydrivingtest,Iwasabletobuymyfirstcar.\n3.分词的一般式和完成时均可表示已完成的动作。一般式的两个动作几乎同时发生，但完成式强调2个动作的先后。E.g.Lockingthedoor,shewentout.Havingstudiedintheuniversityforthreeyears,heknowstheplaceverywell.\n2.分词完成时的被动语态(havingbeendone)强调先于位于动词。E.g.Havingbeencriticizedbytheteacher,LiMinggaveupsmoking.\n分词的语态1.分词一般式的被动语态（beingdone）强调动作正在进行。E.g.Thehousebeingbuiltwillbeourschool.Beingsurrounded,therebeltroopswereforcedtosurrender.\n3.过去分词（done）也表示被动。但没有强调先后。E.g.Theconcertgivenbythethisbandwasagreatsuccess.Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful.\n分词作定语分词短语作定语，放被修饰名词后；单个分词作定语，放被修饰名词前。E.g.Themanstandingatthewindowisourteacher.Pollutedairandwaterareharmfultopeople’shealth.分词完成式不能做定语。\n现在分词和过去分词作前置定语是的区别现在分词作前置定语过去分词作前置定语表示正在进行的主动动作。TherisingsunBoilingwaterAsleepingchild1.表示被动，有时有已完成的含义。TherisensunBoiledwaterFurnishedroom2.主动但不进行ApromisingstudentRemainingdays2.主动，且有完成的含义（仅限于某些vi.的过去分词）FallenleavesAsunkenship\n分词作表语现在分词作表语表示主语的性质或特征。过去分词做表语表示主语所处的状态。E.g.Sheisveryexcitedabouttheexcitingnews.\n分词作宾语补足语接现在分词作宾语补足语有2类动词1、感官动词：feel,hear,listento,see,watch,lookat,notice,observe等2.“发现”“闻到”“致使”：discover,find,smell,catch,get,have,keep,leave,send,set,start.E.g.IdiscoveredMr.Jacksittingnearthefires,readingabook.Thevictorysentourspiritsrising.\n接过去分词作宾语补足语的有3类动词。1.感官或心理状态的动词：see,watch,find,feel,consider.Iconsideredthisproblemsolved.2.“使役”“致使”：get,have,keep,leave,makeItrytomakemyselfunderstood.3.“要求”“希望”“命令”：declare,like,need,order,want,wish.Hedeclaredthe2008BeijingOlympicGamesclosed.\n现在分词作状语表示时间，原因，结果，条件，让步，方式等。Hearingthenews,theyalldancedforjoy.Heated,waterchangesintosteam.Beingastudent,Imuststudyhard.Theircarwascaughtinatrafficjam,thuscausingthedelay.United,westand,divided,wefall.Wounded,thebravesoldiercontinuedtofight.Theteacherstoodtheresurroundedbythestudent.