高中英语阅读表达 40页

2010年阅读表达新编Passage1Forthousandsofyears,manhasenjoyedthetasteofapples.Apples,whichareabout85percentwater,growalmosteverywhereintheworldbutthehottestandcoldestareas.AmongtheleadingcountriesinappleproductionareChina,FranceandtheUnitedStates.Therearevariouskindsofapples,butaveryfewmakeupthemajorityofthosegrownforsale.ThethreemostcommonkindsgrownintheUnitedStatesareDelicious,goldenDelicious,andMcIntosh.Applesaredifferentincolor,size,andtaste.Thecoloroftheskinmaybered,green,oryellow.Theyhavevarioussizes,withDeliciousapplesbeingamongthelargest.Thetastemaybesweetortart(酸的).Generally,sweetapplesareeatenfreshwhiletartapplesareusedtomakeapplesauce.Appletreesmaygrowastallastwelvemeters.Theydobestinareasthathaveverycoldwinters.Althoughnofruitisyieldedduringthewinter,thiscoldperiodisgoodforthetree.1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?(Nomorethan10words)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Whichseasonisgoodforthegrowthofappletrees?(Nomorethan15words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.Howmanycountriesareconsideredtobelargeproducersofapples?Whatarethey?(Nomorethan10words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.Pleaseexplaintheunderlinedword“yielded”inEnglish.(Nomorethan5words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.Whatgoodeffectsdoappleshaveonpeople?(Nomorethan20words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Passage2Allherlife,mymotherwantedbusychildren.Itwasveryimportantthatherhouseshouldremainatalltimescleanandtidy.Youcouldturnyourbackforamomentinmymother’shouse,leaveahalf-writtenletteronthediningroomtable,amagazineopenonthechair,andturnaroundtofindthat40\nmymotherhadputitbackwhereitbelonged,assheexplained.Mywife,ononeofherfirstvisitstomymother’shouse,placedapacketofbiscuitsonanendtableandwenttothekitchentofetchadrink.Whenshereturned,shefoundthepackethadbeenremoved.Confused,shesetdownherdrinkandwentbacktothekitchenformorebiscuits,onlytoreturntofindthatherdrinkhaddisappeared.Uptothenshehadguessedthateveryoneinmyfamilyheldontotheirdrinks,soasnottomakewaterringsontheendtables.Nowsheknowsbetter.Thesedisappearanceshadaconfusingeffectonourfamily.Wewereallinclinedto(有…的倾向)forgetfulness.Anditwascommonforoneofus,uponreturningfromthebathroom,tofindthateverysignofherworkinprogresshaddisappearedsuddenly.“DoyourememberwhatIwasdoing?”wasaquestionfrequentlyasked,butrarelyanswered?;Nowmysisterhasdevelopedasecond-handloveofcleanwindows,andmybrotherdoesthecleaninginhishouse,perhapstoavoidhavingtobetheonetohithisfeet.Itrynottothinkaboutittoomuch,butIhaveatthislatertimestartedtodustthefurnitureonceaweek.`Wehaveallbecomebusypersons.1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?(Nomorethan15words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Whycouldn’ttheauthor’swifefindherbiscuitsanddrinkinhismother’shouse?(Nomorethan10words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.Whywasthequestion“DoyourememberwhatIwasdoing”frequentlyasked?(Nomorethan25words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.Pleaseexplaintheunderlinedwords“setdowninEnglish.”(Nomorethan5words__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.Doyoulikethepersonwhoisalwayskeepeverythingclean?Whyorwhynot?(Nomorethan25words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Passage3Thevolcanoisoneofthemostsurprisingfrighteningforcesofnature.Maybeyouhaveseenpicturesofthese“fireworks”ofnature.Sometimeswhenavolcanoerupts,averylargewallofmeltedrockmovesdownthesideofamountain.Itlookslikea“riveroffire.”40\nSometimesvolcanoesexplode,throwingthemeltedrockandasheshighintotheair.Butwheredoesthismeltedrockcomefrom?Theearthismadeupofmanylayers(层).Thetoplayerthatweseeiscalledthecrust.Underthecrustaremanylayersofhardrock,Butfar,farbeneaththecrustwhoserockissohot,thatitissoft.Insomeplacesitevenmelts.Themeltedrockiscalledmagma.Sometimesthemagmabreaksouttothesurfacethroughcracks(裂缝)inthecrust.Thesecracksarevolcanoes.Mostpeoplethinkofmountainswhentheythinkofvolcanoes.Butnoteverymountainisavolcano.Avolcanoissimplytheopeningintheearthfromwhichthemagmaescapes.Thehotmagmaorlavaasitiscalled,coolsandbuildsuponthesurfaceoftheearth.Overthousandsofyears,thispileofcooledlavacangrowtobevery,verybig.Forexample,thehighestmountaininAfrica,Kilimanjaro,isavolcano.Ittowersmorethan16,000feetabovethegroundaroundit.1.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?(Nomorethan5words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Pleaseexplaintheunderlinedword“erupts”inEnglish.(Nomorethan7words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.Whatisavolcano?(Nomorethan17words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.Whatistheearthmadeupof?(Nomorethan10words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.Whenyouthinkofvolcanoes,doyouthinkofmountains?Why?(Nomorethan30words)Passage4Insomeways,theUnitedStateshasmadesomeprogress.Firesnolongerdestroy18,000buildingsastheydidintheGreatChicagoFireof1871,orkillhalfatownof2,400people,astheydidthesamenightinPeshtigo,Wisconsin.OtherthantheBeverlyHillSupperClubfireinKentuckyin1977,ithasbeenfourdecadessincemorethan100Americansdiedinafire.Butevenwithsuchsuccesses,theUnitedStatesstillhasoneoftheworstfiredeathratesintheworld.Safetyexpertssaytheproblemisneithermoneynortechnology,buttheindifferenceofacountrythatjustwillnottakefiresseriouslyenough.Americanfiredepartmentsaresomeoftheworld’sfastestandbestequipped.Theyhavetobe.TheUnitedStateshastwiceJapan’spopulation,and40timesasmanyfires.It40\nspendsfarlessonpreventingfiresthanonfightingthem.AndAmericanfire-safetylessonsareaimedalmostentirelyatchildren,whodieinlargenumbersinfiresbutwho,againstpopularbeliefs,startveryfewofthem.Expertssaytheerrorisanopinionthatfiresarenotreallyanyone’sfault.Thatisnotsoinothercountries,wherebothpubliceducationandthelawtreatfiresaseitherapersonalfailingoracrime.Japanhasmanywoodhouses;ofthe48firesinworldhistorythatburnedmorethan10,000buildings,Japanhashad27.Punishmentforcausingabigfirecanbeassevereaslifeimprisonment.IntheUnitedStates,mosteducationdollarsarespentinelementaryschools.But,thelessonsareaimedattoolimitedanumberofpeople;just9percentofallfiredeathsarecausedbychildrenplayingwithmatches.TheUnitedStatescontinuestodependmoreontechnologythanlawsorsocialpressure.Therearesmokedetectorsin85percentofallhomes.Somelocalbuildinglawsnowrequirehomesprinklers(喷水装置).Newheatersandironsshutthemselvesoffiftheyaretipped.1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?(Nomorethan12words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Pleaseexplaintheunderlinedword“indifference”inEnglish.(Nomorethan10words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.Whoaregiventhefire-safetylessonsmostly?(Nomorethan7words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.Howdoothercountriestreatfires?(Nomorethan19words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.Doesyourschoolhassomefirepreventionmeasurestakenforthestudents’safetyandifsoexplainbrieflyhowthemeasureworks?(Nomorethan35words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Passage5Today,duetonumerousmedicalandscientificadvances,peoplearelivinglongerthaneverbefore.Butyouhavetobegoodtoyourbody,mind,andsoul.Thefollowingtipsareagoodstartforgettingyouonyourwaytolivingalongandhealthylife.Eatabalanceddiet--onethatisrichinfruits,vegetables,wholegrains,andfiberandlowinsaturatedfat,transfat,andcholesterol.Awell-balanceddietcanprovideyourbodywiththeessentialnutrientsneededtoachieveandmaintainoptimum(最佳的)health.40\nBephysicallyactive--trytoincorporate30minutesofactivityintoyourday,everyday.Theoptionsareendless;startwalkingonthebeachinthemornings,tryjoggingwithafriend,orgoforabikerideintheafternoons.Makesureyouchooseactivitiesthatyouenjoy,thatwayyou'llbemorelikelytomakethemahabit.Getregularpreventivecheck-ups--seeyourdoctorregularly;rememberyourdoctorisyourpartnerinhealthcare.Byhavingregularcheck-ups,youmaybeabletocatchsmallproblemsbeforetheybecomebigones.Besafe--usecommonsenseandbestreetsmart(适应都市生活的).Don'tputyourselfinsituationsthatarequestionable.Alwayswearyourseatbeltandbikehelmet.Don'tgoforarun,walk,orjogatnightbyyourself.Keepyourhomewelllitandfreeofthingsthatcouldmakeyoufall.Stayintouchwithfamilyandfriends--gettoknowyourneighbors.Takethetimetobeinvolvedwithyourcommunity.Bycreatingastrongsocialnetwork,youwillnotonlyhavefriendstocelebratewithwhengoodthingshappen,butalsoasupportsystemindifficulttimes.Keepapositiveattitude--studieshaveshownthatpeoplewhohaveapositiveattitudetendtolivelonger,andleadhealthierandhappierlives.Trytofindthehumorinlife.Andremembertolaugh.1.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?(Nomorethan10words.)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Pleaseexplaintheunderlinedword“tips”inEnglish(Nomorethan5words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.Whydoweneedtogetregularcheck-ups?(Nomorethan10words.)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.Whatshouldyoupayattentiontowhendoingactivities?(Nomorethan15words.)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.Whatshouldyoudotokeepapositiveattitude?(Nomorethan10words.)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Passage6 Theworld’sfirstsubwaywasbuiltinLondonin1863.Atthetime,thegovernmentwaslookingforawaytoreducetrafficproblemsinthecityofLondon.Thepoorareasofthe40\ncityweresocrowdedwithpeoplethatitwasalmostimpossibleforhorsecarriages(thetaxisofthosedays)togetaround.ThecityofficialswereinterestedintryingtomakeitpossibleforworkerstoliveoutsideofLondonandtraveleasilytoworkeachday.Ifpeoplehadacheapandconvenientwaythattheycoulddependontogettoandfromwork,theywouldrelocatetheirhomesoutsideofthecity.ThiswouldhelpeasethepressureoftoomanypeoplelivinginthepoorpartsofLondon.Fromtheseproblems,theideaoftheLondonUnderground,thefirstsubwaysystem,wasborn.      TheplansforbuildingtheUndergroundmetwithseveralproblemsanddelays,butthefirsttrackwasfinallyopenedinJanuary1863.Asteamtrainpulledthecarsalongthefirstundergroundtrackwhichwassixkilometers(3.7miles)long.About30,000peoplegotonthesubwaythefirstday.Ridersweretreatedtocomfortableseats(standingupwhilethetrainwasmovingwasnotallowed)andpleasantdecorationsinsideeachofthecars.However,thesmokefromtheenginesoonfilledtheairinthetunnelswithashandsoot(烟灰),aswellaschemicalgases.Fanshadtobeputinthetunnelslatertokeeptheaircleanenoughforpeopletobreathe.Evenwithitsproblems,ridingtheUndergrounddidbecomepopular.Itcarriedninemillionridersinitsfirstyear.      ModernsubwayshavecomealongwaysincetheearlydaysoftheLondonUnderground.Todaythereare94largeundergroundrapidtransitsystemsaroundtheworld.ThebusiestofthesesubwaysystemsistheTokyoMetrowhichopenedin1927.Thisefficientsubwayhastwobillionridersperyear,and“pushers”workontheplatformsduringbusytraffichourstohelppushridersontotrains.Attimes,subwaycarshavebeenpackedwithupto300people!ShoppingmallsbuiltinhightrafficstationswhereridersmovefromonetraintoanotherhavealsohelpedthepopularityofsubwaysinTokyo.StationslikethefamousGinzaSugoEkiGinzaConsolidatedStationincludeundergrounddepartmentstore,supermarkets,restaurants,andspecialtyshops.Shoppersneverhavetogoaboveground!1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?(Nomorethan10words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.WhatproblemsledtheBritishgovernmenttobuildtheLondonUnderground?(Nomorethan15words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.Accordingtothepassage,whydidfirstLondonsubwayneedfansinthetunnels?(Thereasonshouldbeansweredwithin20words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.Pleaseexplaintheunderlinedphrase“attimes”inEnglish.(Nomore5words)40\n__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.Whataretheadvantagesofsubwayaccordingtoyouropinion??(Nomorethan10words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Passage7Technologyistheapplicationofknowledgetoproduction.Thankstomoderntechnology,wehavebeenabletoincreasegreatlytheefficiencyofourworkforce.Newmachinesandnewmethodshavehelpedcutdowntimeandexpensewhileincreasingoveralloutput.Thishasmeantmoreproductionandahigherstandardofliving.FormostofusinAmerica,moderntechnologyisthoughtofasthereasonwhywecanhavecarsandtelevisionsets.However,technologyhasalsoincreasedtheamountoffoodavailabletous,bymeansofmodernfarmingmachineryandanimalbreedingtechniques,andhasextendedourlifespanviamedicaltechnology.Willmankindcontinuetolivelongerandhaveahigherqualityoflife?Inlargemeasuretheanswerdependsontechnologyandourabilitytouseitwidely.Ifwekeepmakingprogressaswehaveoverthepastfiftyyears,theanswerisdefinitelyyes.Theadvancementoftechnologydependsuponresearchanddevelopment,andthelateststatisticsshowthattheUnitedStatesiscontinuingtopumpbillionsofdollarsannuallyintosuchefforts.Sowhilewearerunningoutofsomescarceresourceswemaywellfindtechnologicalsubstitutes(代用品)formanyofthemthroughourresearchprograms.Therefore,inthefinalanalysisthethreemajorfactorsofproduction(land,laborandcapital)areallinfluencedbytechnology.Whenweneednewskillsontechniquesinmedicine,peoplewillstartdevelopingnewtechnologytomeetthoseneeds.Asequipmentprovestobesloworinefficient,newmachineswillbeinvented.Technologyrespondstoourneedsinhelpingusmaintainourstandardofliving. 1. Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?(Nomorethan10words.)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. Pleaseexplaintheunderlinedphrase“cutdown”inEnglish.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3. Accordingtothepassage,inwhatwaycanwelivelonger?(Nomorethan10words.)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.  Accordingtothepassage,howcanwefindtechnologicalsubstitutesinthefuture?(Nomorethan15words)40\n__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.Whatdoyouthinkpeoplecanbenefitfromthetechnology?(Nomorethan20words.)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Passage8Letchildrenjudgetheirownwork.Achildlearningtotalkdoesnotlearnbybeingcorrectedallthetime:ifcorrectedtoomuch,hewillstoptalking.Henoticesathousandtimesadaythedifferencebetweenthelanguageheusesandthelanguagethosearoundhimuse.Bitbybit,hemakesthenecessarychangestomakehislanguagelikeotherpeople's.Inthesameway,childrenlearningtodoalltheotherthingstheylearntodowithoutbeingtaughttowalk,run,climb,whistle,rideabicyclecomparetheirownperformanceswiththoseofmoreskilledpeople,andslowlymaketheneededchanges.Butinschoolwenevergiveachildachancetofindouthismistakesandcorrectthemforhimself.Wedoitallforhim.Weactasifwethoughtthathewouldnevernoticeamistakeunlessitwaspointedouttohim,orcorrectitunlesshewasmadeto.Lethimworkout,withthehelpofotherchildrenifhewantsit,whatthiswordsays,whattheansweristothatproblem,whetherthisisagoodwayofsayingordoingthisornot.Ifitisamatterofrightanswer,asitmaybeinmathematicsorscience,givehimtheanswerbook.Lethimcorrecthisownpaper.Whyshouldweteacherswastetimetosuchroutinework?Ourjobshouldbetohelpthechildwhenhetellsusthathecan'tfindthewaytogettherightanswer.Letthechildrenlearnwhatalleducatedpersonsmustsomedaylearn,howtomeasuretheirownunderstanding,howtoknowwhattheyknowordonotknow.1.Accordingtothepassage,howdoesachildlearntospeakcorrectly?(Nomorethan10words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthebestwayforchildrentolearnthings?(Nomorethan10words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.Accordingtothewriter,whatshouldteachersdoinschool?(Nomorethan10words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.Pleaseexplaintheunderlinedphrase“workout”inEnglish.(Nomorethan5words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.Accordingtothepassagewhydoteachersseldomgivestudentschancetocorrecttheir40\nownmistakes?(Thereasonshouldbeansweredwithinnomorethan20words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Passage9Thediamondisthehardestnaturalsubstanceintheworld.Whatcausesthissuper-hardness?Pressureandheataretheanswers.Thepressurehastobeclosetotwomillionpounds.That'spersquareinch.Muchheatisrequiredtoo.Expertssayover5,000degrees.Tomakeadiamond,onemorethingisneeded.Thisisblackcarbon.Pressure,heat,andcarboncombine.Theycreateasparklingdiamond.Theverybestarecolorless.Palebluestones--veryrare--arehighqualitytoo.Wheredomostdiamondscomefrom?Over97percentcomefromAfrica.ThefirstdiamondinAfricawasnotfoundbyminers.Childrenfoundit,in1866.Theywereplayinginashallowstream.Onepickedup"aprettypebble".The"pebble"(鹅卵石)wasplacedonthemantelofthefireplace.Itwassoonforgotten.Muchlater,aguestnoticedthesparkle.Heurgedthefarmertohavethestonelookedat.Hedid.Hetookittoanexpertintown.The"pebble"provedtobeadiamondworth$2,500.Thatwasasmallfortuneinthosedays.Today,theminesinAfricahaveproducedover1billiondollarsworthofdiamonds.NotalldiamondsarefoundinAfrica.Brazilwasabigproducerinearliertimes.Thefamousgem（宝石）theStaroftheSouthwasfoundinBrazilin1853.ThegemthePresidentVargaswasfoundmorerecentlyinBrazil.Thiswasin1938.Apoorprospector（采矿者）foundthestone.ItwasintheSanAntonioRiver.Itweighed726.6carats.Themansoldthestonefor$10,000toalocalbroker.Thebrokeralmostimmediatelyresoldit.Hegotabout$425,000.1.Accordingtothepassage,howwasadiamondformed?(Nomorethan15words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Howdidthefirstdiamondfind?(Nomorethan15words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.Pleaseexplaintheunderlinedphrase“lookedat”inEnglish.(Nomorethan5words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.Inwhichpartoftheworldarediamondsmostlyfoundaccordingtothepassage?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.Howmanyfamousgemswerementionedinthepassage?Andwhataretheirnames?40\n__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Passage10FormostAmericans,acleanglassofwaterisjustafaucet(水龙头)away.Butformanyoftheworld’spoorestpeople,it’shardtoget.OnWednesday,theUnitedNations(UN)markedWorldWaterDaybytryingtocutthenumberofpeoplewithoutgooddrinkingwater—onebillionhumanbeingsworldwide–inhalf．Inthenexttenyears,theUNwillworkwithgovernmentsaroundtheworldtoreducetheshortage.Withoutcleanwaternearby,manypeopleusewaterthatisnotclean.InIndia,manypeoplebatheandwashtheirclothesinriversthatarepollutedbyhumanwaste.AccordingtotheUN,nothavingenoughcleanwaterandsanitation(卫生设施)causesmorethanthreemilliondeathsayear.“Thelinksbetweenwaterandhumanhealtharepowerful,”saidDrLeeJongWook,director-generaloftheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)．“Wecannotlivewithoutcleanwater.”Infact,theInternationalFederationoftheRedCrosssaidthatquickreactionafterlastyear’sAsiantsunamihadstoppeddisease．Theagencyprovidedcleanwatertonearly500,000peopleinIndonesiaandSriLankaafterthetsunami.WorldWaterDaywasfirstcelebratedin1993.Sincethen,itiscelebratedeachyearonMarch22.1．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?（Nomorethan10words）__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．Pleaseexplaintheunderlinedphrase“cut…inhalf”inEnglish.(Nomorethan5words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．Whycan’tmanypeopleintheworldgetcleanwater?(Nomorethan15words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．Whatisthepurposeofthewritertomentionthetsunamiinparagraph6.(Nomorethan15words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．WhatisthereasontocelebrateWorldWaterDay?(Thereasonshouldbeansweredwithin20words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________40\nPassage11Wetriedsohardtomakethingsbetterforourkid'sthatwemadethemworse.Formygrandchildren,I'dknowbetter.I'dreallylikeforthemtoknowabouthand-me-downclothesandhome-madeice-cream.Ireallywould.Mycherishedgrandson,Ihopeyoulearnhumility(谦虚)bysurvivingfailureandthatyoulearntobehonestevenwhennooneislooking.Ihopeyoulearntomakeyourbedandwashthecar--andIhopenobodygivesyouabrand-newcarwhenyouaresixteen.Itwillbegoodifatleastonetimeyoucanseeababycalfborn,andyouhaveagoodfriendtobewithyouifyoueverhavetoputyourolddogtosleep.Ihopeyougetablackeyefightingforsomethingyoubelievein.Ihopeyouhavetoshareabedroomwithyouryoungerbrother.Anditisallrighttodrawalinedownthemiddleoftheroom,butwhenhewantstocrawlunderthecoverswithyoubecausehe'sscared,Ihopeyou'lllethim.AndwhenyouwanttoseeaDisneymovieandyourkidbrotherwantstotagalong,Ihopeyoutakehim.Ihopeyouhavetowalkuphillwithyourfriendsandthatyouliveinatownwhereyoucandoitsafely.ThesethingsIwishforyou--toughtimesanddisappointment;hardworkandhappiness.1.Accordingtothepassage,whomwillbetheletterwrittento?(Nomorethan5words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Pleaseexplaintheunderlinedphrase“hand-me-downclothes”inEnglish.(Nomorethan5words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.Whydoesthewritermeanbysaying“Ihopenobodygivesyouabrand-newcarwhenyouaresixteen.”(Nomorethan20words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.Inparagraph7,whatisthepurposeofthewriterbysaying“hopeyoutoshareabedroomwithyouryoungerbrother.”(Nomorethan15words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.Whichofthewishesdoyouthinkisthebestforyou?Why?(Thereasonshouldbeansweredwithin30words.40\nPassage12Allovertheworldmothersandfathersteachtheirchildrenmanners.Otherchildrenmayhavemannersthatarenotlikeyours.Thereareallkindsofmanners.Manyyearsago,childrenwhohadgoodmannerswereseenandnotheard.Theykeptquitequietifgrown-upsweretalking.Today,well-manneredchildrenhavemorefreedom.Sometimesgoodmannersinoneplacearebadmannersinotherplaces.SupposeyouareavisitorinthelandofMongolia.Somefriendsaskyoutoeatwiththem.Whatkindofmannersdotheywantyoutohave?Theywantyoutogivealoud“burp”afteryoufinisheating.Burpingwouldshowthatyoulikedyourfood.Insomecountries,ifyougivealoudburp,youaretoldtosay“excuseme,please.”Inmanyplacespeopleliketoeattogether.ButinsomepartsofPolynesiaitisbadmannerstobeseeneatingatall.Peopleshowgoodmannersbyturningtheirbacksonotherswhiletheyeat.WhataremannerslikeinanEastAfricantown?Thepeopletrynottoseeyou.Theyarebeingpolite.Youmayseeafriend.Hemaynotseeyouatall.Ifyouarepolite,youwillsitdownbesidehim.Youwillwaituntilhefinisheswhatheisdoing.Thenhewilltalktoyou.SupposeyouvisitafriendinArabia.Youshouldwalkbehindtheothertentsuntilyoucometohistent.Ifyoupassinfrontoftheothertents,you’llbeaskedintoeachone.Thepeoplewillaskyoutoeatwiththem.Anditisbadmannersifyousayno.Mannersaredifferentallovertheworld.Butitisgoodtoknowthatallmannersbegininthesameway.Peopleneededwaystoshowthattheywantedtobefriends.1.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?(Nomorethan10words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Whatdoestheword“tent”probablymean?(Nomorethan5words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.Inwhichcountrydoyouthinkaloudburpaftereatingisagoodmanneraccordingtothepassage?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.Whatarewell-manneredpeopleexpectedtoactinsomepartsofPolynesiaduringeating?(Nomorethan10words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________40\n5.WhatisthegoodmannerduringeatinginChina?(Open)(Nomorethan20words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Passage13Footballis,Ibelieve,themostpopulargameinEngland:onehasonlytogototheimportantmatchestoseethis.Richandpoor,youngandold,onecanseethemallthere,shoutingforonesideortheother.Toastranger,oneofthemostsurprisingthingsaboutfootballinEnglandisthegreatknowledgeofthegamewhicheventhesmallestboyseemstohave.Hecantellyouthenamesoftheplayersinmostoftheimportantteams.Hewilltellyouwhoheexpectswillwinsuchamatch,andhisopinionisusuallyasgoodasthatofmenthreeorfourtimeshisage.MostschoolsinEnglandtakefootballseriously—muchmoreseriouslythannearlyallEuropeanschools,wherelessonsareallveryimportantandgamesareleftforthechildrenthemselves.InEnglanditisbelievedthateducationisnotonlyamatterfillingaboy’smindwithfactsintheclassroom;educationalsomeansthetrainingofcharacter;andoneofthebestwaysoftrainingcharacterisbymeansofgames,especiallyteamgames,whereaboyorgirlhastolearntoworkwithothersforhisorherteam,insteadofworkingforoneselfalone.Theschoolthereforeplansgamesandmatchesforitsstudent.Footballisagoodteamgame.Itisgoodbothforthebodyandthemind.That’swhyitiseveryschool’sgameinEngland.1.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“this”inParagraph1?(Nomorethan10words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.WhatdoschoolboysinEnglandseemtobeaboutfootballgames?(Nomorethan15words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?(Nomorethan5words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.Whatbeliefdopeopleholdoneducation?(Nomorethan30words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.WhydomostschoolsinEnglandtakefootballseriously?(Nomorethan25words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________40\nPassaga14Whatwillpeopledieof100yearsfromnow?Ifyouthinkthatisasimplequestion,youhavenotbeenpayingattentiontotherevolutionthatistakingplaceinbio-technology.Withthehelpofnewmedicine,thehumanbodywilllastaverylongtime.Deathwillcomemainlyfromaccidents,murderandwar.Today’sleadingkillers,suchasheartdisease,cancer,andagingitself,willbecomedistantmemories.Indiscussionoftechnologicalchanges,theInternetgetsmostoftheattentionthesedays.Butthechangeinmedicinecanbetherealtechnologicaleventofourtimes.Howlongcanhumanslive?Humanbrainswereknowntodecidethefinaldeath.Cellsarethebasicunitsofalllivingthings,anduntilrecently,scientistsweresurethatthelifeofcellscouldnotgomuchbeyond120yearsbecausethebasicmaterialsofcell,suchasthoseofbraincells,wouldnotlastforever.Buttheupperlimitswillbebrokenbynowmedicine.Sometimesbetween2050and2100,medicinewillhaveadvancedtothepointatwhichevery10yearsorso,peoplewillbeabletotakemedicinetorepairtheirorgans(Themedicine,madeupofthebasicbuildingmaterialsoflife,willbuildnewbraincells,heartcells,andsoon—inmuchthesamewayourbodiesmakenewskincellstotaketheplaceofoldones).Itisexcitingtoimaginethattheadvanceintechnologymaybechangingthemostbasicconditionofhumanexistence,butmanytechnicalproblemsstillmustbecleareduponthewaytothiswonderfulfuture.1.Whatarethepresentmajorkillersaccordingtothewriter?(Nomorethan10words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Whatdoestheword“revolution”mean?(Nomorethan5words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.Howcanhumanlivelongerinthefuture?(Nomorethan10words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.Ifhumancanlivelongerinthefuture,doyouthinkitisbadorgoodforthesociety?(open)(Nomorethan20words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.Whyarescientistssurethatthelifeofcellscannotgomuchbeyond120years?(Nomorethan20words)_____________________________________________________________________________Passage1540\nManypeoplehavedescribedwatchingtelevisionasapassiveactivitythatisharmfultochildren’seducation.However,therearegoodandbadwaystowatchtelevision.ParentswhoareinterestedinexploitingtelevisionasalearningtoolcanactuallyturntimeinfrontofTVintoaneducationalchance.Probablythemostfamiliareducationalwaytousetelevisionistosimplywatcheducationalprograms.Inparticular,thismeansselectingchannelsandprogramsspeciallydesignedforeducationalpurposes.Alongwithtraditionaleducationalshowsforchildrenonpublicbroadcastingchannels,cabletelevisionnowofferskidsandadultsawidevarietyofeducationalprograms,witheverythingfromnatureshowstohistoricaleventsindifferentcountries.Captioning(字幕),suchas“closedcaptioning”forhearingdisabledviewersprovidesanotherwayforparentstoexploittheeducationalpossibilitiesoftelevision.OnestudyshowedthatchildrenwhowatchedcaptionedTVgotgreatimprovementintheirvocabularyandoralreadingability.Inaddition,parentscanmakejustaboutanyshowalearningclassbywatchingtelevisiontogetherwithchildren.Byactivelyjoiningchildrenintheprogramsthattheyarewatching,parentscanhelpwiththedevelopmentofsuchskillsaspredictingandsummarizing.Inordertodeveloppredictingskills,parentsandchildrencouldfirstrefertoaprogram’sdescriptioninaviewingguide.Afterreadingtheprogramdescriptionandguessingwhatmighthappenintheprogram,parentsandchildrencouldwatchtogethertoseewhichpredictionswerecorrect.Andtopracticesummarizing,afterwatchingaprogram,parentscanturnofftheTVandaskwhatthestorywasabout.Thiskindofactivityhelpschildrendevelopthinkingskillssuchasarrangingeventsinanorderandmemorizinginformation.AlthoughtherewillstillbeplentyoftimeswhenchildrenwatchTVsimplyforpassiveenjoyment,parentscanhelpmakeatleastpartoftheirchildren’sviewingtimeamoreproductiveactivity.Usedintelligentlybyexploitingthelearningchancesavailablethroughvariousprograms,televisioncanplayaninstructiveroleinchildren’seducation.(335words)1.What’sthemostcommoneducationalwaytousetelevisionasalearningtool?(Nomorethan5words.)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.PleaseexplaintheunderlinedwordinEnglish.(Nomorethan5words.)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.HowcanhearingdisabledchildrenbenefitfromwatchingcaptionedTVprogram?(Nomorethan15words.)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________40\n4.Whatdoesthewritermeanbysaying“therewillstillbeplentyoftimeswhenchildrenwatchTVsimplyforpassiveenjoyment”inthelastparagraph?(Nomorethan20words.)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________60.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?(Nomorethan20words.)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Passage16Airpollutionisbadforthehealthofchildrenandacauseofmanyillnesses.Airpollutioncanbedividedintooutdoorairpollutionandindoorairpollution.Airpollutionisamaincauseofmanyrespiratory(呼吸)illnesses.Whilesecond-handtobaccosmokeandsomeoutdoorpollutants(污染物)areknownascausesoftheseillnesses,indoorairpollutionfromfuelsisalsooneofthecauses.Outdoorairpollutionislargelyandincreasinglyaresultofburningoffossilfuelsfortransportandotherhumanactivities.Duringtheprocessofburning,amixtureofpollutantsisproduced.Outdoorairpollutionremainsaseriousproblemincitiesthroughouttheworld,particularlyinbigcitiesofdevelopingcountriesanditissaidthataquarteroftheworldpopulationisexposedtounhealthyairpollutants.Childrenareparticularlyatriskbecausesomepartsoftheirrespiratorysystemshavenotdevelopedwell.Indoorcookingandheatingwithfuelsorcoalproducesalotofindoorsmokethatcontainsalotofhealth-damagingpollutants.Itissaidthatexposuretoindooraircontainsalotofhealth-damagingpollutants.Itissaidthatexposuretoindoorairpollutioncanleadtorespiratoryillnessesinchildrenundertheageoffive.Theseillnessescontinuetobethebiggestkillersofyoungchildrenandcausemorethantwomilliondeathseveryyear.Exposuretoindoorairpollutionalsocausescancersinadultsandmanyotherillnesses.(247words)1.What’sthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?(Nomorethan15words.)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Fromthepassage,what’soutdoorairpollutioncausedby?(Nomorethan20words.)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.Accordingtothepassage,whatkindsofillnessescanbecausedbyindoorairpollution?(Nomorethan10words.)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.PleaseexplaintheunderlinedphraseinEnglish.(Nomorethan5words.)40\n__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.Accordingtothepassage,arefuelsacauseofbothoutdoorairpollutionandindoorairpollutionandwhy?(Thereasonshouldbeansweredwithin30words.)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Passage17Aresomepeopleborncleverandothersbornstupid?Orisintelligencedevelopedbyourenvironmentandourexperience?Strangelyenough,theanswerstothesequestionsarebothYes.Tosomeextent,ourintelligenceisgiventousatbirth,andnoamountofspecialeducationcanmakeageniusoutofachildbornwithlowintelligence.Ontheotherhandachildwholivesinaboringenvironmentwilldevelophisintelligencelessthanonewholivesinrichandvariedsurroundings.Thusthelimitsofaperson’sintelligencearefixedatbirth,butwhetherornothereachesthoselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.Thisview,nowheldbymostexperts,canbesupportedinanumberofways.Itiseasytoshowthatintelligenceistosomeextentsomethingwearebornwith.Thecloserthebloodrelationshipbetweentwopeople,theclosertheyarelikelytobeinintelligence.Thusifwetaketwounrelatedpeopleatrandomfromthepopulation,itislikelythattheirdegreeofintelligencewillbecompletelydifferent.If,ontheotherhand,wetaketwoidenticaltwins,theywillverylikelybeasintelligentaseachother.Relationslikebrothersandsisters,parentsandchildren,usuallyhavesimilarintelligenceandthisclearlysuggeststhatintelligencedependsonbirth.Imaginenowthatwetaketwoidenticaltwinsandputthemindifferentenvironments.Wemightsendone,forexample,toauniversityandtheothertoafactorywheretheworkisboring.Weshouldsoonfinddifferencesinintelligencedevelopingandthisshowsthatenvironmentaswellasbirthplaysapart.Thisconclusionisalsosuggestedbythefactthatpeoplewholiveinclosetouchwitheachother,butwhoarenotrelatedatall,arelikelytohavesimilardegreeofintelligence.(274words)1.Intheauthor’sopinion,howisaman’sintelligencegiventohim?(Nomorethan15words)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“ifwetaketwounrelatedpeoplefromthepopulation”?(Nomorethan10words)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________40\n3.Whatdoestheexampleofthetwinsgoingtocollegeandtoafactoryseparatelyreveal?(Nomorethan10words)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.PleaseexplaintheunderlinedphraseinEnglish.(Nomorethan5words)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.Doyoubelievewhattheauthorrevealsinthepassageandwhy?(Nomorethan20words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Passage18Thewaypeopleholdtothebeliefthatafun-filled,painfreelifeequalshappinessactuallyreducestheirchancesofeverattainingrealhappiness.Iffunandpleasureareequaltohappinessthenpainmustbeequaltounhappiness.Butinfact,theoppositeistrue:moreoftenthannotthingsthatleadtohappinessinvolvesomepain.Asaresult,manypeopleavoidtheveryattemptsthatarethesourceoftruehappiness.Theyfearthepaininevitablybroughtbysuchthingsasmarriage,raisingchildren,professionalachievement,religiouscommitment,self-improvement.Askabachelorwhyheresistsmarriageeventhoughhefindsdatingtobelessandlesssatisfying.Ifheishonesthewilltellyouthatheisafraidofmakingacommitment.Forcommitmentisinfactquitepainful.Thesinglelifeisfilledwithfun,adventure,excitement.Marriagehassuchmoments,buttheyarenotitsmostdistinguishingfeatures.Coupleswithinfantchildrenareluckytogetawholenight’ssleeporathree-dayvacation.Idon’tknowanyparentwhowouldchoosethewordfuntodescriberaisingchildren.Butcoupleswhodecidenottohavechildrenneverknowthejoysofwatchingachildgrowuporofplayingwithagrandchild.Understandingandacceptingthattruehappinesshasnothingtodowithfunisoneofthemostliberatingrealizations.Itliberatestime:nowwecandevotemorehourstoactivitiesthatcangenuinelyincreaseourhappiness.Itliberatesmoney:buyingthatnewcarorthosefancyclothesthatwilldonothingtoincreaseourhappinessnowseemspointless.Anditliberatesusfromenvy:wenowunderstandthatallthosewhoarealwayshavingsomuchfunactuallymaynotbehappyatall.(295words)1.Accordingtotheauthor,whydoesabachelorresistmarriage?(Nomorethan10words)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________40\n2.Whatistheauthor’sopiniononraisingchildren?(Nomorethan10words)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.PleaseexplaintheunderlinedworkinEnglish.(Nomorethan5words)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.Whatistheauthortryingtotellus?(Nomorethan10words)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.Whatdoesthesentence“buyingthatnewcarorthosefancyclothesthatwilldonothingtoincreaseourhappinessnowseemspointless”mean?(Nomorethan30words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Passage19Ifyouareworriedaboutthingsandareunderalotofstressatworkorschool,thenyouareprobablynotsleepingwell.Worrycankeepyouawake,tossingandturninginbeduntiltheearlyhoursofthemorningwhenyoueventuallyfallasleep.Whenyouwakeup,youdon’tfeelrefreshed,buttiredandwornoutandunabletofaceanewday.Dr.HenryWinkle,inarecentnewspaperarticleentitledStressandSleep,indicatesthatstressandlackofsleeparedirectlyrelated.Dr.Winklesays,“Themoreweworry,thelesswesleep,andthemoreweareunabletodealwithstress.Ifwecanfindawaytogetagoodnight’ssleep,”headds,“wecanoftenfindtheenergytocopewithwhat’sworryingus”.So,whatisagoodnight’ssleep?Researchshowsthattheamountofsleepwhichpeopleneedinordertokeephealthyvariesalot.Sevenhoursisabouttheaverageamount,thoughstrangelyenough,sleepinglongeroftengivesyouaheadacheinsteadofmakingyoufeelmorerefreshed.Dr.Winklebelievesthatpreparingforsleepingisimportant.Peoplewhoworklateshouldtrytogivethemselvesashortbreakanddosomethingrestfulbeforegoingtobed.ThiscouldbewatchingTVorlisteningtomusic.Doingsomeexerciseearlierinthedayshouldhelpyoutofeelphysicallyaswellasmentallytired.Abedtimedrinkcanalsohelp,butcoffeeorteashouldbeavoidedastheycontaincaffeineandwillkeepyouawake.“Whenyouputthelightout,”Dr.Winklesays,“concentrateonrelaxingyourmuscles,workingslowlyupfromyourfeet,andyou’llbeasleepbeforeyouknowit.”(291words)1.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?(Nomorethan10words.)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________40\n2.PleaseexplaintheunderlinedphraseinEnglish.(Nomorethan5words.)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.AccordingtoDr.HenryWinkle’sviewpoint,whatcanagoodsleepresultin?(Nomorethan5words.)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.Someonesaysthatthelongeryousleep,thebetteryoufeel.Trytofindsomeargumentsfromthepassageagainsttheidea.(Nomorethan20words.)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.AccordingtoDr.HenryWinkle,whatcontributesalottoagoodsleep?(Nomorethan10words.)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Passage20Haveyouevernoticedwhathappenstoanideaonceyouexpressit?Justtalkingaboutitorwritingitdowncausesyoutomakeitclearinyourownmind.Howcanyouusethistoincreaseyourbrainpower?Startwriting.Byputtingthoughtsintowords,youaretellingyourselfthelogicbehindwhatyouthink,feel,oronlypartlyunderstand.Often,explainingathoughtistheprocessofunderstanding.Inotherwords,youincreaseyourbrainpowerbyexercisingyour“explainpower”.Anotherbenefitofwritingisthatithelpsyouremember.Many,ifnotmost,highlyproductivepeoplearealwaystakingnotes.Youcantrykeepingitallinyourhead,butifyoukeepajournalofyourideasthenexttimeyou’reworkingonabigproject,you’llprobablyhavemoresuccess.Wanttounderstandatopic?Writeabookaboutit.That’sanextremeexample,butifyouarelearningsomethingnew,writealettertoafriendaboutit,andyouwillunderstanditbetter.Wanttoinventsomething?Writeanexplanationoftheproblem—whyyouwanttosolveit,andwhyitisworthsolving,andyou’rehalf-waythere.Writersdon’talwayswritebecausetheyclearlyunderstandsomethingbeforehand.Often,theywriteaboutsomethingbecausetheywanttounderstandit.Youcandothesame.Writingwillhelpbringyoutoanunderstanding.Giveitatry.(237words)1.Whatistheauthortalkingaboutinthepassage?(Nomorethan10words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________40\n2.Inwhatwaydoeswritinghelppeoplealot?(Nomorethan20words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.PleaseexplaintheunderlinedphraseinEnglish.(Nomorethan5words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.Whatcanyoulearnfromthepassage?(Nomorethan20words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying“theywriteaboutsomethingbecausetheywanttounderstandit”?(Nomorethan20words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Passage21Ifthesunhasenoughpowertowarmandlightthewholeearth,itmusthaveenoughpowertodootherthings,too.Canweusethesun’sabundantenergytosupplyelectricity,oratleasttoperformthefunctionswhichelectricityorothertypesofpowerusuallyperform?Theanswerisyes.Forexample,peoplehaveformanyyearsbeenusingthereflectedheatofthesuntocook.Solarcookershavebeenbuiltwithseveralcurvedmirrorsreflectingthesunandfocusingitsheatonthecookingcomponent.Thisequipmentcanbeusedjustlikeagasorelectricstove;itismoreexpensivetomakebutitdoesnotneedanyfuel,andsocostsnothingtouse.Anotherpossibilityofusingsolarenergyisinhouseheating.Theformofenergyweusemostiselectricity,andeverydaymoreisneeded.Butelectricityhastobemade,too,andtomakeitlargequantitiesoffuelsarerequired—oil,gasandnowadaysevenuranium(铀).Thequestionwhichworrieseveryonetodayis:howlongwillthesefuelslast?Nobodyknowsitforsure,butmostexpertsthinkitwillsoonbedifficulttoobtainsufficientelectricityfromthesesources.Itispossiblethatthesuncanmakeacontributionhere,too.Solarpowerhasalreadybeenusedtoproduceterrificheat.InSouthernFranceasolarfurnace(hugestove)hasbeenbuilt,wheretemperaturesreachmorethan3,000℃.Thisfurnaceisonlyusedforexperimentsatpresent,butcouldbeusedtoproducesteamforapowerstation.1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?(Nomorethan10words.)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Howdoyouunderstand,accordingtothepassage,“Itispossiblethatthesuncanmakeacontributionhere,too”?(Nomorethan20words)40\n__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.PleaseexplaintheunderlinedphraseinEnglish.(Nomorethan5words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.Accordingtothepassage,whatshouldwedotohaveenoughelectricity?(Nomorethan20words.)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.Accordingtothepassage,howdopeoplereceivesolarenergywhilecooking?(Nomorethan20words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Passage22Someyearsagoindustrieshadmorefreedomthantheyhavenow,andtheydidnotneedtobeascarefulastheymusttoday.Theydidnotneedtoworryalotaboutthesafetyofthenewproductsthattheydeveloped.Theytooklittlenoticeofthehealthandsafetyofthepeoplewhoworkedforthem.Oftennewproductsweredangerousforthepeoplewhousedthem,oftenconditionsintheworkplacehadverybadeffectsonthehealthoftheworkers.Ofcoursesometimestherewererealdisasterswhichattractedtheattentionofgovernmentsandwhichshowedtheneedforchanges.Alsoscientistswhoweredoingresearchintothehealthofworkerssometimesproducedinformationwhichgovernmentscouldnotignore.Atsuchtimes，therewereinquiriesintothecausesofthedisastersortheproblems.Newsafetyruleswereoftenintroducedasaresultoftheseinquiries，however，thenewrulescametoolatetoprotectthepeoplewhodiedorwhobecameseriouslyill.Todaymanygovernmentshavespecialdepartmentswhichprotectcustomersandworkers.IntheU.S.,forexample,thereisadepartmentwhichexaminesnewplanesandgiveswarningsaboutpossibleproblems.Italsomakestherulesthataircraftproducersmustfollow.Anotherdepartmentcontrolsthefoodsanddrugsthatcompaniessell.Athirddepartmentlooksattheplaceswherepeoplework,andthenreportsanycompaniesthatarebreakingthelawswhichprotectthehealthandsafetyofworkers.Ofcourse,newgovernmentdepartmentsandnewlawscannotpreventeveryaccidentorillness，buttheyarehavingsomegoodresults.Ourworkplacesaresaferandcleanerthanbefore.Theplanesandcarswhichweusefortravelarebetter.Producersarethinkingmoreaboutthesafetyandhealthofthepeoplewhobuyandusetheirproducts.(311words)1.Whatcanweknowfromthepassageinthepast?(Nomorethan10words)40\n__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Inwhatwaysdothedepartmentsprotectcustomersandworkers?(Nomorethan20words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.PleaseexplaintheunderlinedphraseinEnglish.(Nomorethan5words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?(Nomorethan10words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.Accordingtothepassage,whyweresafetyrulesintroducedinindustriesbythegovernment?(Nomorethan20words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Passage23Thewordaddictionusuallymakesyouthinkofalcoholordrugs,butinmodern-daysocietyweareseeingsomenewkindsofaddictions.Somepeoplearecompulsive(难以自制的)shoppers.Othersfinditimpossibletopullthemselvesawayfromtheirwork.StillothersspendcountlesshourswatchingTVorplayingcomputergamesOvertheyears,shoppinghasbecomeaverycommonactivity.Manypeopleenjoygoingtomallsorstoresmoreandmoreeveryday,butit’smorethanacommonhobbyforsomeofthem.Theyhaveturnedintoshopaholics.Theyarepeoplewhosimplyenjoyshoppingandwalkingaroundspendingmoneywithoutbeingabletostopdoingit.Theyarehookedonshoppingandusuallybuythingsthattheydon’tneed.Eventhoughtheydon’thaveenoughmoney,theybuyeverythingtheywant.Thequestionis:whydotheyhavethisaddiction?Thereisn’taspecificanswer.Somepeoplegoshoppingwhentheyaresad,worried,upsetorlonelyandtheywanttofeelbetter.Theyusethisactivityasawaytoforgettheirproblems.Shopaholicssaythattheyfeelmoreimportantandbetteraftertheybuysomething.Theyalsotendtohavethisaddictionwhentheyfeelguilty.Shopaholismseemstobeaharmlessaddiction,butitcancausemanyproblems.Someofthemcanbepsychological.Ifthisisthecase,peopleaddictedtoshoppingshouldgotoasupportgrouptohelpthembreakthishabit.However,theprocess,likeformostaddictions,islong,andtheysufferalot.Itcanalsocausefinancialproblems.Theyjustthinkaboutsatisfyingtheirfeelings,sotheyspendmoneytheydon’thave.Theygetdeepindebt,andtheycanevengobankruptandgetsenttoprison.(297words,改编自2008SD表达题)40\n1.Listthreeactivitiesthatmightdevelopintoaddictionsbasedonthepassage.(Nomorethan10words)①_____________________;②______________________;③______________________2.What’sthemainideaofParagraph3?(Nomorethan15words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.PleaseexplaintheunderlinedphraseinEnglish.(Nomorethan5words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.Accordingtothepassage,whydoshopaholicshavethisaddiction?(Nomorethan15words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.Whydoesthewritersaytheymaygetsenttoprison?(Thereasonshouldbeansweredwithin20words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Passage24Inarecentbusinessmaganizearticle,apresidentsaid,laughterintheworkplaceisawasteoftime.Thisisaplacetodobusiness,nottolaugh,someresearchers,however,disagreewithhiswords.Asscientistshavelearnedmoreaboutthebrain,they’vediscoveredthatsmilesandlaughterstimulatethebrain,whichcanhelpincreasehappinessandreducepain.Whydoweneedlaughterinourlives?Laughterisapowerfultoolforourhealth.Inanumberofstudiesthatwerecarriedout,itwasshownthatpeoplewhoaremorehumoroushavestrongerimmunesystems(免疫系统)whilepeoplewhofeelstressedhaveweakerimmunesystems.Humorcanhelpmakeyourimmunesystemsstronger.Herearesometipstoaddmorehumortoyourlife:Laughatyourself.Don’ttakeyourselftooseriously.Haveapositiveattitudetowardsyourselfandyourworrieswillbecomelightertoo.Don’tworrywhypeoplelaugh---justappreciateit.Befunny.Lookforthehumoroussideofandotherwisedifficultsituation.Prepareafirst-aidlaughtersource.Thiscouldincludebooks,cartoons,CDsorvideos.Writedowntheamusingthingsthathappenandsavethemforasadday.Beopentosillythings.Humoristhechildwithinyourself.Laughwithothersforwhattheydo,ratherthanwhattheyare.Researchhasshownthatlaughterisindeedthebestmedicine,somaketimeforhumor40\nnow.1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?(Within8words.)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Listthreesuggestionsthatmighthelpyouaddhumortoyourlifeaccordingtothepassage.(Within15words.)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.Accordingtothepassage,howdopeoplebenefitfromlaughter?(Within10words.)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.Pleaseexplaintheunderlinedpart“Haveapositiveattitude”inEnglish.(Within6words.)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.Whatdoyouthinkoflaughter,usefulornot?Why?(Within15words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Passage25Grasslandsneedtimetorecoverwhencattleandotheranimalsgrazeonthem.Movinganimalsfromonegrasslandtoanothercanprovidethetimeneededfornewgrowth.Thisiscalledrotationalgrazing.Expertssayrotationalgrazingisgoodforboththelandandanimals,anditcansavealotofmoney.Thisformofgrazingcanreducetheneedforpesticides(杀虫剂)byreducingthegrowthofweeds.Itcanalsolimittheneedforchemicalfertilizersbylettingnaturalfertilizer,animaldroppings,dothejob.Rotationalgrazingcanevenhelppreventwildfiresbykeepinggrasslandsingoodcondition.Rotationalgrazingisusefulbecauselettinganimalsfeedcontinuallyinthesameareascanrequireexpensivereplanting.Animalstendtoeatthebestplantsfirst.Whenthatkeepshappening,therootsdonothaveenoughtimetorecover.Asaresult,theyarecontinuouslyreplacedbyworseplants.Expertssaythatwhilerotationalgrazingcansavemoneyovertime,italsorequiresplanningandthatstartswithagoodmaptomarkfences,watersuppliesandgrazingareas.Farmerscanstartrotationalgrazingbyremovinganimalsfromapasturewhenthegrassiseatentolessthanfivecentimeters.Thepastureshouldthenbekeptemptyuntilthegrassgrowstomorethanfifteencentimetershigh.Expertsalsosaythatsheepandgoatsrequirespecialpreparations.Theymayneedstrongerandhigherfencescomparedwithotheranimals.Whiletheyeatthegrass,they40\nmayneedtobeprotectedfromotheranimalsthatmightattachthem.Inconclusion,ifrotationalgrazingisdoneproperly,itcanhelptoprotecttheenvironmentandallowfarmerstoprofitatthesametime.Whynotgiveitatry?1.Whatdoyouthinkisthebesttitleofthepassage?(Within5words.)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Howmanyadvantagesofrotationalgrazingarementionedinthispassage?Whatisthelastadvantage?(Within20words.)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.Pleaseexplaintheunderlinedword“profit”inEnglish.(Within5words.)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.What’sthewriter’spurposeinwritingthispassage?(Within20words.)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.Whatdoyouthinkafarmercandotoprofit?(Within10words.)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Passage26Inaclassroominanycountry,theteacherteachesmorethanartorhistoryorlanguage.Heorsheteacheswhatisknownasthe“hiddencourse”---thecultureofthatcountry.InasocietysuchastheUnitedState,peoplewithdifferenthistory,cultureandlanguagejointogetherandtheyhighlyvalueindividualism(个人主义).Theireducation,asapartofthesociety,alsovaluesthisgreatly.Teacherstrytomakeeachstudentspecial.Studentsdonothavetomemorizealotofinformation,instead,theyworkindividuallyandfindanswersbythemselves.Thereisoftendiscussionintheclassroom.Atanearlyagestudentslearntoformtheirownideasandopinions.Theireducationencouragespersonalthought.Theimportanceisplacedonhowtoarriveatananswerandnotsimplytogetthecorrectanswer.InmostAsiancountries,peoplehavethesamelanguage,history,andculture.Perhapsforthisreason,theeducationthereshowssociety’svalueingroupgoalsandpurposesratherthanindividualism.ChildreninChinaandJapanoftenworktogetherandhelpeachotheronhomework.Intheclassroom,theteachingmethodsareoftenverytraditional.Theteacherssay,andthestudentslisten.Thereisnotmuchdiscussion.Instead,thestudentsrepeatrulesofinformationthathavebeentaughtinordertokeeptheminmind.40\nInmanywaysthesedifferencescomefromdifferenteducationalpsychology(心理学).InWesterncountriesteachersaretaughttonurture(培养)students.Theymakeiteasierforthestudentstolearnforthemselves.IntheOrient,however,teachersoftenfeelthattheirtaskistopassknowledgetostudents,orthestudentscan’tlearnanything.1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?(Within20words.)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Orient”inthelastparagraphmeaninChinese?(Within5words.)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.WhatdothepeopleintheWestvalue?AndwhataboutthepeopleinAsia?(Within20words.)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.InwhatwaydoteachersinWesterncountriesteachstudentsdifferentlyfromtheteachersintheOrient?(Within20words.)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.Whichkindofeducationdoyouprefer?Why?(Within20words.)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Passage27TheInternationalCoastClean-upisanorganizationthatissetuptohelptheenvironmentintheworld,especiallytheareasnearthewaters.Recently,morethanahalf-millionvolunteersaretakingpartinaninternationalmovementtocombtheworld’sshorelinesforcigarettebutts,bottlecapsandanyotherrubbishtheycanfind.TheInternationalCoastClean-upisinits14thanniversaryandmillionsofvolunteersarereadytocollectmorethan10millionpiecesofrubbishalong19308kilometersofshorelinein70countries.SponsoredbytheCentreforMarineConservationandseveralothernon-profitgroupsandcorporatesponsors,theactivityisaone-dayattempttoimproveconditionsonimportantwaterfronts.Cigarettebuttsarebyfarthemostcommonitem,withexactly1.6millionpickedupandcountedinthelastyear’sclean-up.Theywerefollowedinnumbersbyfoodwrappers,plasticpieces,bottlecapsandbrokenpiecesofglass.TheglobaleventisheldonthethirdSaturdayofSeptember.Lastyear,thebiggestvolunteerarmywasinthePhilippines,wherenearly300,00040\npeopletookpartintheclean-up.Withmorethan7000islands,thePhilippinesisamongthecountrieswhichhavethelargestshorelines.“Aroundeverymainbodyofwater,wehavearubbishproblem,”saidheavily,directoroftheCenterforrubbishproblem.Badweatherwithsomehurricaneaffectedsomeplans,butthousandsofvolunteerswerereadytogo,shesaid.About20,000diversarejoiningtocleanupoffshorerubbish,withmajorunderwatereffortsintheUnitedStates,thePhilippines,Germany,Italy,Australia,VenezuelaandEISalvador.Globally,lessthan20percentofshorerubbishclearlycomesfromthewater.Themostappearstocomefromlandsources.Partoftheeffortiscountingtherubbish.Volunteerscarrycardstorecordtheircollections,whichwillbepiledandusedforstudiesofhowtosettletheproblemyear-round.1.WhatistheInternationalCoastClean-upsetupfor?(Within20words.)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Howlongdoestheactivityusuallylast?(Within10words.)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“waterfronts”mean?(Within10words.)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?(Within15words.)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.Whenyougototheshorelinesforavisit,whatcanyoudotohelptheenvironment?(Within15words.)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Passage28Youmaythinkthatinventionsarefarawayfromyoureverydaylife.Butinfact,almosteveryonecaninvent.It’sjustthattheydonotrecognizethattheirideacouldbethestartofaninvention.Onceinventorsseetheirideashavesomepracticalvalue,theydon’tletthemslipaway.Forexample,theinventorofthedishwasher,AmericanJosephineCochrane,lovedtogivedinnerparties.Butshefoundittooktoolongtowashherdishesbyhandandtoomanyofthembroke.Shedecidedthatamachinecoulddothejobfasterandwithfewermistakes.So,in1886,shesetouttomakeoneforherself.40\nLikeCochrane’smostinventionsarecreatedtosolveaproblem.So,thefirstandmostimportantstepistofindtheproblem.Startbylookingatwhatiswrongwiththingsyouusenowandaskpeoplearoundiftheyremembereversaying:“Iwishsomeonewouldinventsomethingfor...”Thenyoumightnoticesituationsorthingsinneedofimprovement.Thenextstepistothinkaboutpossiblesolutions.Aninventionisanewwayofsolvingaproblem.Sothinkofmany,varied,andunusualways.Youcanoftencomeupwithasolutionforaproblembylookingatitfromadifferentangleorthinkingaboutitinanewway.Afterall,mostinventionsarenotbrandnew.Theydonotcomeoutofnowhere,butofthingsorideasthatalreadyexist.Andthehardestpartofinventing,evenforalotofinventors,iscomingupwithaproblemandfindingasolution.Onceyouhaveanidea,youcanalwaysgethelpbuildingyourinvention.Thisproblem-solvingtechniquecanalsoworkinyoureverydaylives.So,whynottryitinyourstudies,inyourrelationshipwithothers,oreveninthewayyoulookattheworld?1.Accordingtothepassage,howareinventorsdifferentfromotherpeople?(Nomorethan15words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.WhydidCochranedecidetoinventadishwasher?(Nomorethan20words)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.Pleaseexplaintheunderlinedphrase“comeupwith”inEnglish.(nomorethan5words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheprocessofinventing?(Nomorethan15words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.Whatstatementfromthepassageinspiresyoutoinventandwhy?(Thereasonshouldbeansweredwithin20words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Passage29IfattheendIhavelosteveryfriendonearth,Ishallatleasthaveonefriendleft,andthatfriendshallbedowninsideofme.------AbrahamLincolnWeoftenfocusonbuildingrelationshipswithothersthatweignoretheessentialfirst40\nstep;beingfriendsofourselves.Thatisthecrucialfirststepifwearetohavegoodrelationshipswithothers.Howcanwehavegoodrelationshipswithothersifwedon’tevenhavegoodrelationshipwithourselves?Theproblemmightbeworsethanweexpect.Maybewedon’tlikeourselveswithoutrealizingit.Hereisasimplechecklist;isthereanythingyoudon’tlikeaboutyourselffromthislist?YourpastMaybeyouhavemademistakesisthepastwhichyoufeelabout.Youmightbedisappointedwithyourselfonwhyyoucouldmakesuchmistakes.Evenifthathappenedindistantpast,yoursubconsciousmindstillhasareasonnottolikeyourself.YourbackgroundYoumightwishthatyouwereborninadifferentfamily.Maybeyoucouldnotacceptthefactthatyouarenotasluckyasothers,whoseemtogetwhatevertheywanteffortlesslybecauseoftheirbackground.YourpersonalityYoumighthavesomepersonalitytraitsthatyoudon’tlike.Forexample,youmaybeanintrovertandyoudon’tlikeit;youwishyouareanextrovert,whoareactiveinsociallife.YourachievementrelativetoothersOthersmighthavebetterachievementsthanyou,andnomatterhowhardyoutried,itmightseemimpossibleforyoutocatchupwiththem.Youmightthenthinkitisbecauseyouarenotsmartenoughordon’thaveenoughtalents.Allthesegivereasonstoyounottolikeyourself.Thatinturnmakesitdifferentforyoutobeagoodfriendofyourself.1.Whatdoyouthinkofthemistakesyoumadeinthepast?(notmorethan30words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Pleaseexplaintheunderlinedword“effortlessly”inEnglish.(notmorethan8words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellusinthispassage?(within20words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.Whatwillprobablybediscussedinthefollowingpart?(within10words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.Areyouanintrovertoranextrovert?Whatdoyouthinkofthesetwokindsofpersons?(Yourownopinionshouldbeexpressedwithin30words)_____________________________________________________________________________40\n_____________________________________________________________________________Passage30Doyouneedachangeofscenery?Trythesewinningideastomakeyouroldspaceseemnew.You’llbesurprisedathoweasyitcanbe!Cleanitandclearit:Ifyouhaveeverheardthephase“Outwiththeoldandinwiththenew”nowisthetimetotestitoutonyourownspace.Lesstimecanoftenmeanmoreintermsofstyle,organizationandoverallappearance.Ifpartingwithyourtime-worntreasuresbringsyoutotears,tryputtingthemawayandreusingthemafterafewmonths.Changeyourhardware:Sometimesthesmallestchangescanmakeahugeimpactonthevisualstyleofaroom.Hardware(金属器件)canbeanythingfromcupboardhandlestocurtainrods（杆）.Thiscaninstantlypersonalizeyourspace.Ifyouarerenting,thelandlordshardwarecanbereplaceduponyourdepartureandyoucantakeyournewhardwarewithyou.Layanareacarpet:Onceyouhavechosencolor-matchingcarpetforyourspace,thisprocessisthefastesttocarryout!Ifyouneedtogoshoppingwesuggestpurchasing2----3differentcarpetssoyoucanchangetheirlocationwhenyouwanttofreshenupyourspace.Coveryourwalls:ThisisgenerallyoneofthemostaskedquestionswereceiveatRentalDecoratingDigest.Theoptionsarewideandvariedforwhatyoucandowithyourwalls.Themostobviousoptionispainting.Therearedifferenttechniquestocreatespecialeffectsanddetails.Foranevenquickermakeoveryoucanfixfoldingscreensordecoratehooks.Trythinkingoutsidetheboxandusingothermaterialsandformcenterboard.Refreshingyourspacedoesn’thavetorequireabigbudgetoranunlimitedamountoftime.Smallamountsoftimewithalittlecreativityyoucangivespacethebettermakeover.1.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?(withintenwords)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Pleaseexplaintheunderlinedphrase“partingwith”inEnglish.(notmorethan5words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.Ifthehouseyouarelivingisnotyours,whatwillyoudowiththehardwareyouhavereplaceswhenyouleave?(answerwithin15words)40\n__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.Whichofthesuggestionsdoyouthinkisavailableforyourhome?Why?(within30words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.Whatisthemainideaoftheparagraph“CoverYourWalls”?(within20words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Passage31SomepeoplewouldsaythattheEnglishman’shomehasbecomehisworkshop.ThisispartlybecausetheordinaryEnglishmanisdeeplyinterestedinworkingwithhishandsandpartlybecausehefeelsthathemustdoforhimselfmanyhouseholdjobsforwhichsomeyearsagohewouldhaveaskedforworkers’help.Themainreasonforthisisafinancialone:thehighcostoflabourhasmeantthatbuilders’anddecorators’costshavereachedalevelwhichistoohighforordinarypeople.So,iftheywishtokeeptheirhouseslookingbrightandsmart,theyhavetodosomeoftherepairinganddecoratingthemselves.Asaresult,therehasgrownupthe“Do-It-Yourself-Movement”afterWorldWarII.The“Do-It-Yourself-Movement”beganwithhomedecoratingbuthassincespreadintoamuchwiderfield.Nowadaysthereseemtobeveryfewthingsthatcannotbemadebythe“Do-It-Yourself”method.Anumberofmagazinesandhandbooksexisttoshowjusthoweasyitistobuildanythingfromacoffeetabletoafifteen-footsailingboat.Youfollowthesimpledirectionsstepbystepand,youknowwherethefinishedarticlestandsbeforeyoucompleteineverydetail.Unfortunately,itisnotalwaysquiteassimpleasitsounds!Manypeoplehavefoundthatonecannotlearnaskilledworker’sjobovernight.Howquicklyonerealizes,whendoingityourself,thatajobwhichtakestheskilledmananhourorsotocompletetakeshimfiveorsixatleast.Andthereisthequestionoftoolswhichcostmoney.Itisnotsurprisingthenthatmanypeoplehavecometorealizethatthemoneyofpayingtheworkerstodothejobis,infact,lessthan“Do-It-Yourself”.1.WhyhasanEnglishman’shomebecomeaworkshop?(Pleaseanswerwithin15words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?(within20words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.Pleaseexplaintheunderlinedword“overnight”inEnglish.(within5words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________40\n4.Whatisthewriter’spurposesinwritingthispassage?(Answerwithin25words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.WhatdoyouthinkofDIYWhy?(Pleaseanswerwithin30words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Passage32Most,ifnotall,Chinesehavebecomericherthanksto30yearsofreformandopeningup.Butareweanyhappier?Varioussurveysattempttoanswerthisquestion.Thoughexpertshavepresentedvaryingpercentagesbasedondifferentstandards,theiranswerstendtofindwearegenerallyhappier,andthenumberofoptimistsriseseachyear.TheChineseAcademyofSocialSciences’2006BlueBookonsocialprogresssays70percentofruralandurbancitizenssurveyedin2005reportedafeelingofhappinessandwereoptimisticabouttheirfutures.Buteachsurveyshowsaworrisomefactthat10percent,atthelowest,ofcitizenswerenotcontentwiththeirlivesornothopefulaboutthefuture.Wecannotbecontentwiththefactthatatleast130millionofourcountrymenarenothappy.Althoughasenseofhappinessremainsaluxuryformanyofourcountrymenbecauseofpoverty,weagreewealthisnottheonlyfactorofhappiness.Formostofus,excepttheextremelyrichandnaturallybornoptimists,theresimplyaretoomanyvariablesthatmaykillthefeelingofhappiness.Theseinclude,butarenotlimitedto,risinghousingprices,tightandinstablejobmarket,back-breakingschoolingexpensesandmedicalbills.Themostcommonone,however,isalowsenseofsecurity.Someexpertspointedthatinthelow-and-middleincomegrouptherewastoomuchuncertaintyregardingemployment,income,housing,medicalsituations,andeducation.Howcanyoufeelhappywhenyoualwayshavetoprepareyourselffortheunexpected?Itmaybebeyondthegovernment’sreach,nottomentionduty,toguaranteehigherincomeforeverycitizen.Butitdoesaburdentocreateanenvironmentwhereallcitizenscanfeelareasonablelevelofsecurity.1.Accordingtothepassage,whyhavedifferentsurveysmadebyexperts?(within15words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Whatmainfactorsmaykillone’ssenseofhappiness?(within20words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.Pleaseexplaintheunderlinedword“presented”.(within5words)40\n__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetotheresponsibilityofthegovernmentaboutsocialsecurity?(answerwithin20words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.Whatcanweconcludefromallthesurveysmentionedabove?(answerwithin30words)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案Passage11.Itismainlyaboutthegrowth,kindsandusagesofapples2.Coldwinterisgoodforthegrowthofappletrees.3.Three,theyareChina,FranceandtheUnitedStates.4.Produced5.OpenPassage21.Ittellsusthatthemotherhelpedtheauthortoformagoodhabit./Undertheinfluenceoftheirmother,theyhaveallbecomebusypersons.2.Theauthor’smothertookthemaway.3.Becausetheauthor’smotheralwaystookeverythingawayandleftnosignoftheworkinprogress.4.Putdown.5.Open.Passage31.AboutVolcanoes.2.Suddenlythrowsoutlava./breaksout.3.Avolcanoissimplytheopeningintheearthfromwhichthemagmaescapes.4.Theearthismadeupofmanylayers.5.No.Becausevolcanoesarenotsimplymountains.40\nPassage41.ThereasonwhymorefireshappenintheU.S.A.2.carelessness3.Childreninelementaryschool.4.Bothpubliceducationandthelawtreatfiresaseitherapersonalfallingoracrime.5.Open.Passage51.Tipsonhowtolivealongandhealthylife.2.usefulpiecesofadvice/suggestions3.Becausetheycanpreventseriousillnessesattheverybeginning.4.Choosetheactivitiesyouenjoysothatyou’llbemorelikelytomakethemahabit.5.Trytobehumorousandhappyallthetime.Passage61.Thedevelopmentofsubway2.Overcrowdingandtrafficjams3.Tokeeptheaircleanenoughforpeopletobreath..4.sometimes5.Itcanrelievetrafficjams.(开放式答案)Passage71.FunctionsofTechnologyinourlife2.reduce3.Bymeansofmedicaltechnology.4.Throughourresearchprograms.5.Wecangreatlyimproveourlifestandardandlifespan.Passage81.Bycomparingwithotherpeople’slanguage.2.Bydoing(imitating)whatothersskilledpeopledo.3.Let/Allowchildren(to)learnfromeachotherandcorrectthemselves.4.solve/dealwith5.Becausetheyareafraidthatstudentscouldnotfindoutthemistakesbythemselves.Passage91.Thecombinationofpressure,heat,andcarbonformedadiamond.2.Itwasfoundinashallowstreambysomechildrenwhentheywereplaying.40\n3.checkedup4.Africa.5.Two.TheStaroftheSouthandthePresidentVargasPassage101.TheImportanceoftheCleanWater.2.reduce…inhalf3.Becausetheyarelivinginpoorareas.(Becausetheyarepoor)4.Toshowtheimportanceofthecleanwatertohumanhealth.5.Tohelppeoplearoundworldhavecleanwaterandkeephealthy.Passage111.Thewriter’sgrandson2.oldclothesfromelders3.Childrenshouldn’tbespoiled,andtheyshouldpayforwhattheywantbythemselves.4.Towishhisgrandsontolovehisfamilymembersandattendsomeoneyoungerthanhe.5.Example:Ihopeyougetablackeyefightingforsomethingyoubelievein.BecauseIshouldbetterstruggleformyideal.Passage121.DifferentMannersinDifferentCountries.2.Livingplaces.3.Mongolia.4.(Theyareexpected)toturntheirbacksonotherswhiletheyeat.5.Itisgoodmannersifyoukeepquietwhileeating.Tobeagoodlistenerwhiletheadultsaretalkingisalsoconsideredtobegoodmanners.Passage131.Football—themostpopulargameinEngland.2.Theyseemtoknowagreatdealaboutfootballgames.3.FootballgameinEngland.4.Theythinkeducationisnotonlyamatterfillingaboy’smindwithfactsintheclassroom,italsomeansthetrainingofcharacterbymeansofgames.5.Becausefootballgamecantraincharactersofthestudents./Footballisagoodteamgame.Itisgoodforboththebodyandthemind.That’swhyitiseveryschool’sgameinEngland.Passage141.Heartdisease,cancer,andaging.40\n2.Greatchange.3.Humanorganscanberepairedbynewmedicine.4.Ithinkitisbadforthesocietybecausetheearthcan’tsupporttheincreasingpopulation.5.Becausethebasicmaterialsofcells,suchasthoseofbraincells,wouldnotlastforever.Passage151.Watching（Towatch）educationalprograms.2.makinguseof3.Theycanimprovetheirvocabularyandoralreadingability.4.Thewritermeansnoteveryminutethatachildspendswatchingtelevisionmustbeeducational.5.Waysforparentstoexploittelevisionasalearningtoolfortheirchildrentodevelop.Passage161.Harmofoutdoorandindoorairpollution.2.Outdoorairpollutionislargelyandincreasinglycausedbytheburningoffossilfuelsfortransportandotherhumanactivities.3.Respiratoryillness,cancersandmanyotherillnesses.4.beeasytobeeffectedby5.Yes.Theburningoffossilfuelsfortransportcanleadtooutdoorairpollutionandcookingandheatingwithfuelscanleadtoindoorairpollution.Passage171.(Aman’sintelligenceisgiven)bothatbirthandthroughtheenvironment.2.Choosetwodifferentpeoplewithoutanybloodrelation.3.(Itreveals)theeffectofenvironmentonintelligence.4.Withoutanyaim(purpose)5.Yes.Becauseourintelligencearegivenatbirthandenvironmentplaysanimportantpartinitsdevelopment.(该题为开放问题,Yes或No均可,学生作答合情合理即可)Passage181.Becauseheisafraidofmakingcommitment/takingonfamilyresponsibilities.2.Itisarewardingwork.Itinvolvespainbutleadstohappiness.Itisnotfunbutfullofjoyandhappiness.3.responsibility;promise；4.Happinessoftengoeshandinhandwith(togetherwith)pain.5.Themoneyspentonfancyclothesandnewcarsisn’tworthbecausethosethingscan’tbringusmorehappiness.40\nPassage191.AboutSleep2.dealwith/resist3.theenergytocopewithwhat’sworryingus4.Sevenhoursisabouttheaverageamount,butsleepinglongeroftengivesyouaheadache.5.Properpreparingforsleepingisimportant.Passage201.Benefitsofwriting.2.Writingcanhelppeopletoincreaseyourbrainpower,(developyourinterestinstudy)andstrengthentheunderstandingofatopic.3.Onthewaytosuccess.4.Weshouldsticktowriting.Themoreyouwrite,themorelogicalyouwillbe.5.Theauthorimpliesthatwritingcanhelpyouunderstandsomething..Passage211.Whyandhowtousesolarenergy.2.Thesuncanalsomakeitpossibleforustogetenoughelectricityinsteadoffromotherfuels.3.Certainly.4.Weshouldtrytomakefulluseofsolarenergytoobtainmoreelectricity.5.Byreflectingthesunwithseveralcurvedmirrorsandfocusingitsheatonthecookingcomponent.Passage221.Workersoftengotillbecauseofthepoorworkingconditions.2.Bytestingnewproducts,controllingfoodsanddrugsandexaminingworkplaces.3.paylittleattentionto4.Thesafetyandhealthofworkersandcustomers5.Toprotectthepeoplefromdeathorbeingill.Passage231.shopping,drinking,playingcomputergames,working,watchingTV,takingdrugs.(答出其中三种即可，不根据原文回答不得分)2.Reasonsandharmsofshopaholics.3.attractedby4.Doingshoppingisakindofwaytorelievethemselvesfrompersonalproblems.40\n5.Becausetheycangetdeepindebtandtheycanevenbankrupt.Passage241.Advantagesandsuggestionsoflaughter.2.①Laughatyourself②Prepareafirst-aidlaughtersource③Beopentosillythings.3.Laughterstimulatesthebrainincreasinghappinessandreducepain.4.beoptimism;beactiveinlife.5.Ithinkisituseful.Becauseitisapowerfultoolforourhealth.Passage251.RotationalGrazing.2.Three.Rotationalgrazingcanhelppreventwildfiresbykeepinggrasslandsingoodcondition.3.makemoney.4.Thewriterwrotethepassageinordertointroducerotationalgrazingtothereaders.5.Theycandorotationalgrazingproperly.Passage261.ThepassagemainlytellsusthattheeducationintheWestdiffersfromthatintheOrient.2.AsianEasterncountries.3.PeopleinthewesthighlyvalueindividualismwhilepeopleinAsiashowsociety’svalueingroupgoalsandpurpose.4.InWesterncountries,teachersaretaughttonurturestudentswhileintheOrient,teacherspassknowledgetostudents.5.Ithinkeachkindofeducationhasitsownadvantages.Thebesteducationistocombinetheboth.Passage271.Itissetuptohelptheenvironmentintheworld,especiallytheareasnearthewaters.2.Oneday.3.Shorelines.4.Volunteerscleantheshorelinestodealwiththeshore-pollutionproblem.5.I’llthrowallthewastethingsintodustbins.Passage281.Inventorslookforproblemsandtrytosolvetheminanewandbetterway.2.Becauseittookhertoolongtowashthedishesbyhandandtoomanyofthembroke.3.putforward/thinkof40\n4.Trytofindaproblemfirstandthenworkoutsolutionstoit.5.“…almosteveryonecaninvent.”reallyinspiresme.BecauseIwouldbemorethanhappytobeaninventortobenefitthepeopleallovertheworld.Passage291.Iwillforgivemyselfandteachmyselfalessonlearnfromthemistakesinordertodobetterinthefuture.2.withoutmakinganyeffort3.Whenyoumakefriendswithothers,youmustfirstbeconfident.4.Somesuggestionsforyoutosolvetheproblemsinthechecklist.5.I’manextrovert.I’mproudofbeingsuchakindofperson,becauseI’mpleasedtomakefriends,alwaysreadytohelpothersandactiveinsociallife.Passage301.Totellussometricksforaquickhomemakeover.2.separatingfrom/abandoning3.Iwilltakethenewhardwarewithmeandleavetheoldbehind.4.略5.Thewriteroffersthereadersmanykindsofoptionsabouthowtodecoratetheirwalls.Passage311.Becausehetriestodohouseholdjobshimselftosavesomemoney.2.ProblemswhichpeoplehavecouldmeetwhentheyjoininDIYMovement.3.duringonenight4.TotelluswhyandhowDIYMovementhasgrownupandtheproblemspeoplecanmeet.5.Itisn’tagoodidea,becausewecan’ttaketheplaceofskilledworkers,andwewillspendmuchmoneybuyingthetools.Passage321.BecausetheywanttofindoutwhetherChinesecitizensarehappier.2.Wealth,risinghousingprice,tightandinstablejobmarket,back-breakingschoolingexpense,medicalbillsandalowsenseofsecurity.3.putforward/bringtosomeone’snoticedirectly4.Thegovernmentshoulddosomethingtosolvetheproblemoflowsenseofsecurity5.Mostpeoplearesatisfiedwiththeachievementofthe30yearsofreformandopeningup,butwestillhavealotofproblemstodealwith.40