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英语中的五种基本句型\n英语句子有长在短,有简有繁,从现象看,似乎千变万化,难以捉摸,但从实质看,可以发现其内在联系,找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下:基本句型一:S+V(主+谓)基本句型二:S+V+P(主+系+表)基本句型三:S+V+O(主+谓+宾)基本句型四:S+V+IO+O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)基本句型五:S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补)\n基本句型一S+V(主+谓)此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。\nSV(不及物动词)1.Time2.Themoon3.Theman4.Weall5.Everybody6.I7.They8.He9.He10.Theyflies.rose.cooked.eat,anddrink.laughed?woke.talkedforhalfanhour.walkedyesterdayisplayinghavegone\n基本句型二S+V+P(主+系+表)此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be,look,feel,smell,taste,sound等属一类,表示情况;get,grow,become,turn,go等属另一类,表示变化。be本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义另:stay,prove,remain.\nSV(是系动词)P(表语)1.This2.Thedinner3.He4.Everything5.He6.Thebook7.Theweather8.Hisfaceissmells(闻)felllooksisisbecameturnedanEnglishdictionary.good.happy.different.tallandstrong.interesting.warmer.red.\n基本句型三S+V+O(主+谓+宾)此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。\nSV(实义动词)O(宾语)1.Who2.She3.He8.He5.They6.Danny7.I4.Heknowslaughatunderstandsmadeatelikeswantsaidtheanswer?her.English.cakes.someapples.donuts.tohaveacupoftea."Goodmorning."\n基本句型四S+V+IO+O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略。\nSV(及物)o(多指人)O(多指物)1.She2.She3.He8.He5.I6.I7.I4.Hepassedcookedbroughtboughtshowedgavetoldshowedhimherhusbandyouherhimhimmeanewdress.adeliciousmeal.adictionary.nothing.mypictures.ahand.howtorunthemachine.thatthebuswaslate.\n基本句型五S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补)此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。\nSV(及物)O(宾语)C(宾补)1.We2.They3.They4.They5.What6.We7.He8.Ikeeppaintedcallfoundmakessawaskedsawthetablethedoorsupperthehousehimhimmethemclean.green.dinner.dirty.sad?out.tocomebacksoon.gettingonthebus.\n典型例题分析(二)\n1.Theyworkhard.主+谓2.Theflowerisdead.主+系+表3.Plantsneedwater.主+谓+宾4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.主+谓+直宾+间宾5.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.主+谓+宾+宾补6.Manyanimalsliveintrees.主+谓\n除了基本句型的成分不变外,通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词(主要是形容词、副词和数词),也可以是各种类型的短语(主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语)。下面以基本句型五(v+o+o.c)为例:Wefoundthehallfull.我们发现礼堂坐满了。Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteachers.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteacherslisteningtoanimportantreport.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听一个重要报告。WefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteacherslisteningtoanimportantreportmadebyacomradefromthePeople'sDailyoncurrentaffairsinEastEurope.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。\n不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样,因此在学习动词时,应掌握动词的类型。以get为例:He'sgettingangry.(SVP)Hegotthroughthewindow.(SVO)You'llgetasurprise.(SVO)Hegothisshoesandsockswet.(SVOC)Hegothimselfintotrouble.(SVOC)Hegotherasplendidpresent.(SV0O)在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思:Ifoundthebookeasily.我很容易地找到了这本书。Ifoundthebookeasy.我觉得这本书很容易。Ihavetodosomething.我得做点事。Ihavesomethingtodo.我有点事做。\n英语句式考查\n1.Whom would you rather____ the car?—My father.A.have fix B.have to fixC.had fix D.have to be fixed2.Was it 8 o’clock___you heard someone____at the door?A.when;knockingB.when;knockC.that;knockingD.that;knock3.Was it in the room___ Mr. Johnlived____theexhibition was held?A.that;thatB.where;whereC.that;whereD.where;that4.—Is ________ you want to say?—Yes,________ that’s all I know.A.allwhat;yetB.whichall;unlessC.thatall;×D.allthat;so\n5.Was it not until 1920___ regular radiobroadcasts began?A.whileB.whichC.thatD.since6.___the houseMrZhang has been broken into?A.Whenwas it thatB.WhenhasC.HasD.Had7.Did____ she was chosen make her very happy?A.whatB.thatC.whichD.it8.Was it at the air battle on June 8,1994,_____was led by captain Johnson,________ Peterlost his life?A.when;thatB.that;whoC.which;thatD.which;when\n9.---Wouldyoutellme___youwantyourtea,withsugarormilk?---Sugar,please.A.whetherB.whenC.whatD.how10.Atlastthesoldiersreached____thelocalscalledtheGoldenTriangle.A.whatB.whichC.asD.one11.“We’llmakepublicschools____canbe.”saidthepresidentinthespeech.A.whattheyB.whatitC.thattheyD.allit12.Theartcenteris___usedtobeafactory,____millionsoftractorsweremade.A.what,whereB.where,whereC.what,whichD.where,which\n13.Thethoughtofgoinghometohisfamilywasall__kepthimhappywhilehewasworkingabroad.A.thatB.whatC.thoseD.which14.Iamashamed,sir,thatIwastedthemanyhours_____Ishouldhavestudiedinclass.A.whileB.asC.onceD.when15.Teachersshouldcreateanenvironment_____childrenaretaughthowtosolveproblemsoflearningbythemselves.A.whyB.whereC.whichD.whose