高中英语表语从句 5页

高一英语语法知识（5）表语从句（ThePredicativeClause）一、表语从句的定义：　　表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语，放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语，用来说明主语是什么或者怎么样。　Theproblemispuzzling.主语连系动词形容词作表语Theproblemiswhenwecangetapayrise.主语连系动词一个句子作表语---表语从句二、表语从句的构成：系动词+引导词+简单句WhatIwanttosayisthatIamtired.三、表语从句的用法1.可接表语从句的连系动词有:1).最常用连系动词：be(am;is/was;are/were)。一般在句子中译成：“是…”Chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.2).表变化的系动词：get;turn;go;fall;become;grow;come;run。用法注意：在英语中，系动词一般只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态变化形式，没有其他时态变化形式。但表变化的这类系动词除外，它们有各种时态变化。Itisbecomingcolderandcolder.Thefoodhasgonebad.此处还需注意的是become和turn后接表职业的名词时冠词的有无：Twoyearslater,hebecameateacher.但Twoyearslater,heturnedteacher.另外，go表变化时一般指事情向消极、不好的方面转化。3).所谓“感官动词”:look;sound;taste;smell;feel一般它们在句子中译成：“…起来；…上去”。此类系动词为高考高频词。Thefoodtastedgood.食物尝起来很香。Helookedsadlyatthepicture./Shelookedsadafterhearingthenews.Tomtastedthefoodandittastedgood.4).表状态的系动词：keep;stay;remain;一般在句子中译成：“依然是；保持”Sheremainsloyaltoherfatherdespitehiscrueltytowardsher. Whatalovelydaytoday!IlovefineweatherandIhopeitwillstayfineforsomedays.Muchremainstobedone.5).表像系动词：seem;appear。一般在句子中译成：“看起来像”、“似乎”、“好像”。这两个动词有一个共同的特点，即如果要表达时态的变化，需要后接不定式来完成。Heseemedtohavecaughtcold.Itappearstomethathewantstoteachusallhehas.WhenFathercamein,Tomseemedtobeeatingsomething.另外此处一句型转换也要牢记：Itseemedthathehadcaughtcold.WhenFathercamein,itseemedthatTomwaseatingsomething.6).终止系动词：prove;turnout。一般在句子中译成：“证实、证明、结果为…”Heproved(tobe)right./Theexperimentturnedoutsuccessful.2.引导表语从句的关联词的种类：\n1)从属连词that,that在表语从句中不充当任何句子成分，也没有任何意义。ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.2)从属连词whether,as,asif/asthough引导的表语从句，有自己的含义，但在从句中并不充当语法成分。Helookedjustashehadlookedtenyearsbefore.Thequestioniswhethertheywillbeabletohelpus.Itlookedasifitwasgoingtorain.注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但asif却可引导表语从句。Allthiswasovertwentyyearsago,butit’sasifitwasonlyyesterday.3)because,why引导的表语从句，有自己的含义，但在从句中并不充当语法成分。That'swhyhedidn'tunderstandme.Ithinkitisbecauseyouaredoingtoomuch.注意：“That/Itisbecause...”与“That/Itiswhy...”之间的不同在于“That/Itisbecause...”指原因或理由;“That/Itiswhy...”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果。Hedidnotseethefilmlastnight.Thatisbecausehehadtohelphislittlesisterwithherhomework.Hehadseenthefilmbefore.Thatiswhyhedidnotseeitlastnight.4)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which;连接副词where,when,how,why它们分别有自己的含义，并在从句中充当一个语法成分。Theproblemiswho/whomwecangettoreplaceher.（作宾语）Thatwaswhatshedidthismorningonreachingtheattic.（作宾语）ThequestionishowIcanpersuadehertojoinusintheparty.（作方式状语）ShehasremainedwhereIstoodyesterdayforanhour.（作地点状语）Thequestioniswhichbookisthemostsuitableforusstudents.(作定语)5)使用虚拟语气的表语从句在表示建议、劝告、命令等含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”表示，should可省略。常见的词有：advice,suggestion,order,proposal,plan,idea 等。Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)startearlytomorrow.3.注意：1）表语从句一定要用陈述语序。False:Thequestioniswhencanhearriveatthehotel.Right:Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.2）在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。Right:ThequestioniswhowilltravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow.Right:Thequestioniswhyhecriedyesterday.3）that在表语从句中一般在书面语中不可以省，但在口语中可以省略。Theideais(that)weshallgotopicnicthisweek.4)“Thatiswhy...”与“Thatisthereasonwhy...”同义，不过从语法结构上讲，“Thatisthereasonwhy...”中why引导的是—个定语从句，将其中的thereason去掉则与“Thatiswhy...”结构一样。Thatis(thereason)whyIcannotagree.5).当主语为Thereason(why…)时，表语从句的引导词只能用that…\nRight:Thereason(whyhewaslate)wasthathewascaughtintheheavyrain.Wrong:Thereasonwhyheisabsentisbecauseheisill.四.巩固练习1.Goandgetyourcoat.It’s___youleftit.A.thereB.whereC.therewhereD.wherethere2.---IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.---Isthat___youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where3.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis___Idisagreed.A.whyB.whereC.whatD.how4.Thereasonforhergreatsuccessis___sheisbothcleverandhard-working.A.becauseB.whyC.whichD.that5.Hissuggestionwasthatwe___anothermeetingtodiscusstheproblem.A.mustholdB.shouldholdC.couldholdD.held6.Thelasttimewehadgreatfunwas______wewerevisitingtheWaterPark.A.whereB.howC.whenD.why7.Oneadvantageofplayingtheguitaris______itcangiveyouagreatdealofpleasure.A.howB.whyC.thatD.when8.Theproblemis______hehasenoughtime.  A.if   B.whether  C./  D.that9.Hedidn’tcometothemeeting.Thatwas___hehadn’tbeeninvited.A.whyB.becauseC.thereasonwhyD./10.Thequestionis________wewillhaveoursportsmeetnextweek.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whether11.Thereasonwhyhefailedis________hewastoocareless.A.becauseB.thatC.forD.becauseof12.Isthis____wemeteachothertwoyearsago.A.whereB.thatC.becauseD.whether13.Theproblemis_________totaketheplaceofTedA.whocanwegetB.whatwecangetC.whowecangetD.thatwecanget14.WhatIwanttoknowis______helikesthegiftgivenbyus.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.不填15.Thereasonis_________Imissedthebus.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what16.Thatis_____wewerelatelasttime.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what17.Shelooked_________sheweretenyearsyounger.A.thatB.likeC.asD.asthough18.—Ifellsick!--Ithinkitis_______youaredoingtoomuch.A.whyB.whenC.whatD.because19.Thereasonwhyhehasn’tcomeis___________.A.becausehismotherisillB.becauseofhismother’sbeing\nillC.thathismotherisillD.forhismotherisill20.---Hewasbornhere.---Thatis_______helikestheplacesomuch.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.how21.Thatis______LuXunoncelived.A.whatB.whereC.thatD.why22.Thetroubleis__________weareshortoftools.A.whatB.thatC.howD.whythat23.Americawas__________wasfirstcalled“India”byColumbus.A.whatB.whereC.theplaceD.therewhere24.Chinaisbecomingstrongerandstronger.Itisnolonger_____.A.whatitusedtobeB.whatitwasusedtobeingC.whatitusedtobeingD.whatitwasusedtobe25.Theenergyis______makesthecellsabletodotheirwork.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.such五．必会词汇（Unit5ofS1A）：1.单词：1).steak2).influence3).sound4).vegetarian5).crowd6).astronaut7).grow8).appetite9).contain10).mineral11).cattle12).source13).energy14).variety15).increase16).advise17).tiny18).intelligent19).sense20).companion2.短语：1).insteadof2).have/loseanappetitefor3).decideon4).heartattack5).tell…from…6).newspaperadvertisement7).tellsthapart8).inthedepthsofwinter9).allofasudden10).workas\n高一英语语法知识（5）表语从句（ThePredicativeClause）Keys:1-5:BABDB6-10:CCBBD11-15:BACCA16-20:CDDCC21-25:BBAAC