高中英语宾语从句 9页

高中英语语法知识（4）宾语从句(TheObjectClause)在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。一、宾语从句三姊妹（即：引导词that，if/whether，wh-/how）1.由that引导的陈述句性的宾语从句，用于很多动词后。如say,think,wish,hope,see,believe,agree,expect,hear,feel等动词后。连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略，但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好，特别是笔语中。Itoldhimthathewaswrong.Weknew（that）weshouldlearnfromeachother.2.由连词if、whether引导的表示“是否…”的宾语从句。Whether,if在从句中不做句子成分，一般情况下，whether和if可以替换。Idon’tknowif/whetherhewillcometomorrow.Theteacheraskedif/whetherwehadfinishedtheexperiment.3.由wh-引导的宾语从句。连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,和连接副词when,where,why,how等连接的宾语从句，它们在句中既有连接从句的作用，又在句中充当句子的成分。Doyouknowwhichfilmtheyaretalkingabout?(which做定语)Idon’tknowwherehelives.(where做地点状语)CanyoutellmehowIcangettothenearestpostoffice？（how做方式状语）二、宾语从句三关1.引导词关如果从句是陈述句，引导词用that（that在口语或非正式文体中常省略）；如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether；如果从句是特殊疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。2.语序关　宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序，即连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分Ibelievethattheywillcomesoon.HeaskedmewhetherIwasateacher.Theywantedtoknowwhattheycandoforus.3.时态关1).当主句为现在时或将来时,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响,可根据实际情况而定。Ihaveheard（that）hewillcomebacknextweek.2).当主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。Hesaid（that）therewerenoclassesyesterday.HeaskedmeifIwasreadingthestory“TheOldManandtheSea”whenhecamein.\nHetoldmethathehadtoldMaryaboutthemeetingalready.Thereporteraskedifthegovernmentwouldtakenecessarymeasurestoputdownthestrike.3).当从句表示的是一个客观真理,自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.Theteachersaidthatthemoongoesaroundtheearthyesterday.三、可以接宾语从句的几种情况：1.动词的宾语从句：1).大多数动词都可以带宾语从句。Weallexpectthattheywillwin,formembersoftheirteamarestronger.Hetoldusthattheywouldhelpusthoughthewholework.2).部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句。Ihavefoundoutthatalltheticketsfortheconcerthavebeensoldout.Canyouworkouthowmuchwewillspendduringthetrip?3).动词短语也可以带宾语从句。常见的这些词有：makesure确保，makeupone’smind，下决心keepinmind牢记Makesurethattherearenomistakesinyourpapersbeforeyouturnthemin.4).可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.IfeelitapitythatIhaven’tbeentotheget-together.IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries.Weallfinditimportantthatwe(should)makeaquickdecisionaboutthismatter.②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it。这类动词主要有:hate,like,take,owe,have,seeto.Ihateitwhentheyspeakwiththeirmouthsfulloffood.Hewillhaveitthatourplanisreallypractical.Wetakeitthatyouwillagreewithus.Whenleavingtheclassroom,pleaseseetoitthatallthelightsareturnedout.③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替Weallconsiderwhatyousaidtobeunbelievable.Wediscoveredwhatwehadlearnedtobevaluable.2.介词的宾语从句1）用wh-类的介词宾语从句：Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.\nThenewbookisabouthowShenzhou6mannedspaceshipwassentupintospace.2）用that引导的介词宾语从句：有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句。Iknownothingaboutmynewneighborexceptthatheusedtoworkinacompany.3、形容词的宾语从句常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised等。IamsureIwillpasstheexam.IamsorrythatIhavetroubledyousolong.HeisgladthatLiMingwenttoseehimwhenhewasill.五、if,whether在宾语从句中的区别1.if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,findout等之后,介词后一般不用if。Thisdependsuponwhetherwearedeterminedtodoit.Itdependsonwhetherheisready.Iamnotinterestedinwhetheryou'llcomeornot.2.少数动词,如:discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.Wediscussedwhetherweshouldmakeachangeinourplan..Wewerediscussingwhetherweshoulddiscussthebusinesswiththem.3.whether后可以加ornot,但是if不可以.4.在不定式前只能用whether.Ican’tdecidewhethertostay.Shedoesn'tknowswhethertogetmarriednoworwait.　　六、宾语从句的否定前移主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。Idon’tthinkhewillcometomyparty.而不能说成Ithinkhewon’tcometomyparty.Idon’tbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim,ishe?Idon'tbelievetheyhavefinishedtheirworkyet,havethey?如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.Wefindthatheneverlistenstotheteachercarefully,doeshe?七、运用虚拟语气的情况在表示：1.建议suggest,advise,propose;2.要求demand、desire、require、request；3.决定decide;4.命令order、command;5.坚决主张insist;等动词后跟宾语从句，用（should）+v．（虚拟语气）\nIsuggestedthatyou（should）studyhard．Heorderedthatwe(should)gooutatonce．八、宾语从句中that不可省略的情况宾语从句that常可省略，但在以下情况下不能省略：1.当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他不能省略。Ibelieve（that）youhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillgetbetter．2.当it作形式宾语时。Shemadeitclearthatshehadnothingtodowithhim．C．当宾语从句前置时Thatourteamwillwin，Ibelieve．九、两副面孔if和when既能引导状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副。Ifitrainstomorrow，Iwon’tcome.（时间状语从句）Idon’tknowifitwillraintomorrow.（宾语从句）十、从句的简化1.当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。Shefoundthatthewalletlay/waslyingontheground.→Shefoundthewalletlie/lyingontheground.2.当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymaths.→Sheagreedtohelpmewithmymaths.3.在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词＋不定式”结构。CanyoutellmehowIcangettothestation？→Canyoutellmehowtogettothestation？　十一、巩固练习1.将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句：1).TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.Hesaid_______theseflowers_______fromGuangdong.2).Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.Myteachertoldme_______light_______fasterthansound.3).Therewillbeameetinginfivedays.Jackdidn’tknow.\nJackdidn’tknow_______there_______________ameetinginfivedays.4).What'shisname?Iaskedhim.Iaskedhimwhat___________________________.5).Arethechildrenplayinggames?Tellme.Tellme______thechildren__________________games.6).Dotheywantfriedchicken?Heaskedtheboys.Heaskedtheboys__________they_________friedchicken.7).Whatdoesheoftentalkabout?Thegirlwondered.Thegirlwondered____________________often________about.8).Whoknockedatthedoorsoloudly?Idon’tknow.Idon’tknow____________________atthedoorsoloudly.9).WhenwilltheygotoBeijing?Iwanttoknow.Iwanttoknow___________________________________________Beijing.10).Whendoesthetrainarrive?Pleasetellme.Pleasetellme__________________________________.2.选择填空:()1.WhatdidMikesay?Hesaid____________________.A.ifyouarefreethenextweekB.whatcolourwasitC.theweatherisfineD.summercomesafterspring()2.Tomaskedmyfriend________________.A.wherewashefromB.thattheearthisbiggerthanthemoonC.whendidhecomebackD.nottobesoangry()3.Letmetellyou_________.A.howmuchisthecarB.howmuchdoesthecarcostC.howmuchdidIpayforthecarD.howmuchIspentonthecar()4.Peterknew_______________.A.whetherhehasfinishedreadingthebookB.whytheboyhadsomanyquestionsC.therewere12monthsinayearD.whentheywillleaveforParis()5.Couldyoutellme___________?　A.wheredoyoulive　B.whoyouarewaitingfor　C.whowereyouwaitingforD.whereyoulivein()6.Idon’tknow________Mr.Greenwillcometoseeus.He’llhelpuswithourEnglish.A.whyB.whenC.howD.where()7.---Becareful!Don’tbreakthebottles.Doyouhear______Isaid,David?---Yes,MumA.whatB.thatC.whyD.if\n()8.---Doyouknow_______MrBlack’saddressis?---HemayliveatNO.18orNo.19ofBridgeStreet.I’mnotsureof______.A.where,whichB.where,whatC.what,whichD.what,where()9.Thereisnotmuchdifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydon’tknow_____.A.whatshouldIchooseB.whichIshouldchooseC.whichshouldIchooseD.whatIshouldchoose()10.Didyoufindout______? A.shewaslookingforwhosechildB.whosechildwasshelookingforC.whosechildsheislookingforD.whosechildshewaslookingfor()11.Areyouinterestedin_____?A.howdidhedoitB.hedidithowC.howhediditD.hehowdidit()12.Idon’tknow_____.Canyoutellme?A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayersC.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare()13.---Whatdidthescientistsay?---Hesaidhewonderedif_____intospacebyspaceshiponeday.A.hehadtoflyB.hecouldflyC.canheflyD.couldhefly()14.Excuseme,sir.Couldyoutellme____?A.WherethebanknearestB.whereisthenearestbankC.wherethenearestbankisD.thenearestbankiswhere()15.SheaskedTom________withhiscar?A.whatthematterwasB.whatthematterisC.whatwasthematterD.whatisthematter()16.It’s7:30.Ican’tbelieveyou___cookingdinneryet,Sally.A.haven’tstartedB.didn’tC.don’tstartD.hadn’tstarted()17.TheteachertoldusyesterdaythatDecember25____ChristmasDay.A.willbeB.wasC.hasbeenD.is ()18.Theteachersaidthattheearth_______roundthesun.A.goesB.goC.wentD.willgo()19.We’dliketotellyouthatyou______theexam.A.havepassedB.hadpassedC.passD.willpass()20.---“Couldyoutellme______?”---“Yes.They____tothelibrary.”A.wherearethetwins,havebeenB.wherewerethetwins,havebeenC.wherethetwinsare,havegoneD.wherethetwinswere,havegone()21.Ourfathersaidthathe______anewcomputernextweek.A.willbuyB.haveboughtC.wouldbuyD.buys\n()22.Ihearthathe__________toBeijingyesterday.A.goesB.willgoC.wentD.havegone()23.Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.　　A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake　()24.Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey___dictationtoday.　　A.hadB.hasC.willhaveD.are　()25SheaskedLindaif___goandgetsomewaterforher.　A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay　()26.Ihardlyunderstand____hehastoldme.　　A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who　()27.Shedidn'tknow___backsoon.　　A.whetherhewouldbeB.ifwouldhebeC.hewillbeD.ifhewillcome　()28..Idon'tknow_____hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.　　A.whetherBwhereC.whatD.when　()29.Doyouknow_____theylistenedtoyesterdayevening?　　A.whatBwhenCwhyDhow　()30.Heaskedme_____toldmetheaccident.　　AwhomBwhichCwhoDwhose　()31.Pleasetellme______lastyear.　　A.wheredoesyoursisterworkB.wheredidyoursisterwork　　CwhereyoursisterworksD.whereyoursisterworked　()32.SheaskedmeifIknew______　　A.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwasC.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasit　()33.Didyouknow____?　　A.whohewaslookingafterB.whowashelookingfor　C.whoheislookingforD.whoheislookingafter　()34.Iwanttoknowhowlong_____.　　A.hashebeenbackB.hashecomebackC.hehasbeenbackD.hehascomeback　()35.Doyouknow________?　　A.whatthenewsareB.whatisthenews　　C.whatthenewsisD.whatarethenews()36.Acomputercanonlydo___youhaveinstructedittodo.A.howB.afterC.whatD.where\n十二.必会词汇(Unit4ofS1A)：1.单词：1).studio2).director_________________3).whisper4).faint5).powder6).quit7).gasp8).tense9).seat10).beat11).terrific12).surround13).arrange14).achieve15).trend16).digital17).particular18).disappointed19).occasion20).challenge2.短语：1)rushforward2)aheadof3)keepstill4).achieveaneffectonsth.5)ontheleft/right6)graduatefromuniversity7)havefun8)inchargeof9).haveseveraldadsoff10).turnoveranewleaf\n高一英语语法知识（4）宾语从句(TheObjectClause)Keys:1.1).that;were2).that;travels3).that;wouldbe4).hisnamewas5).if;wanted7).whathe;talked8).whoknocked9).whentheywillgoto10).whenthetrainarrives2.1-5:DDDCB6-10:BADBD11-15:CDBCC16-20:ADAAC21-25:CCACB26-30:BAAAC31-36:DBACCC