高中英语阅读分析 10页

中小学1对1课外辅导专家教育试卷命题人：2013.姓名：年级：考试时间：分数：（1）定语从句练习讲解（2）阅读理解解题技巧总的前提：必须要看懂文章。再就是要首先确认题型是哪一类题型。此内容包括：3种题材5种题型（1）5种题型的认识（2）5种题型的解答方法（3）5种题型在文中一哪些形式出题，在文中哪些要注意分析一，文章特点：高考英语考试中阅读理解语篇题材、体裁的多样化，文章3文体：有记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文等多种体裁，题材：社会生活、政治、经济、文化、人物、故事、历史、新闻、广告、科普等，贴近现代生活，有很强的时代感。二，题目分析：阅读理解多项选择题主要有以下5种题型:主旨大意题、细节理解题、词义猜测题、、观点态度题、判断推理题等。三，出题的目的：基于上述测试要点，学生在阅读过程中必须具备下列技能，才能获取和处理信息：1．略读；2．查读； 3．预测下文；  4．理解大意；   5．分清文章中的事实和观点；6．猜测词义7．推理判断； 8，了解重点细节； 9理解文章结构； 10.理解图表信息；11.理解指代关系； 12.理解逻辑关系；13.理解作者意图；14.评价阅读内容 四、（第一节）解题思路分析（一）主旨大意题阅读理解的问题也以如下形式出现：   1.Whatisthebesttitlefor/ofthepassage?   2.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?   3.Whatdoestheauthormainlytellusaboutinthetext？   4.Whatismainlydiscussedinthearticle/passage/text?概括主旨大意的方法有：A：寻找主题句，有些段落大意在主题句上。答案多在文章的首句或末句主题句有的在句首，有的在段中，有的在段尾。B：寻找关键词，有些段落大意就散落在关键词上。 （  略读或扫读）将阅读重点放在首尾部分。（一则省时间，二则目标明确，正确率自然也相应提高了）。掌握了找主题句的方法，就可以依据主题句归纳主题。但归纳主题容易出现以下三种错误，需要同学们注意。1．以偏概全。即只抓住了主题的一个侧面就误以为是主题。2．过于笼统。即归纳的主题太泛，与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以充分论证。\n3．把观点强加给作者。读者往往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解。(二)细节理解题一、解题技巧方法：    在解这类题时，可采用“找关键词”的办法：1.抓住题干的关键词，带着关键词在文中寻找，（关键词可以是动词，名词为多，不定式或者形容词都可能。）可在关键词下面画一直线以示突出。在原文出现关键词的地方也需打相同的记号。可以突出重点分析，提高准确率也节省时。二、细节理解题题型主要有三种形式：问句式，不完整的陈述句和排除法。1．问句式（which型问句）    A．其发问形式主要有以下几种：    Howdidsomethinghappen?    Whichofthefollowingpeopleshould(not)doit?    Whichofthefollowingdidsomebodyhavetodealwith...?    Whereshouldsomebodydosomething2．不完整的陈述句式    A．常见形式有：    Somethingcanbebestclassifiedas       .    Acertainkindofpersonissomeonewho        .    Peoplearelookingforbetterwaysto        .    Accordingtotheauthor,“it”wascausedby       .3．排除式    A．常见形式有：    WhichofthefollowingareNOTmentionedinthepassage?    WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?    WhichofthefollowingisNOTlistedin...?    WhichofthefollowingisNOTincludedinthepassage?    B．解题技巧：（广告类）做这类题时，首先要仔细阅读题后的选项，牢记各个选项所阐述的不同内容，然后查读读原文。凡是原文中的信息与选择项内容相同的，我们可以在这些信息下面划线，以作为排除的内容。三、细节题常在文章哪些地方设题。在这些地方要注意列举处常考细节题1、特别是Which型和Except型；2、转折处和对比处常考However,but,yet,infact,although,转折：unlike,until,however,but等。3、例子常考推断题和细节题as,suchas,forexample,forinstance,i.e.etc.4、数字和年代常考文中的数字、年代和日期常常是命题的重点。5、最高级和绝对性词汇常考答案具有唯一性must,all,only,anyone,always,never,或most,first.6、专有名词常考\n人名、地名等专有名词1、细节处常考细节题同位语，插入语，定语，长句的后半句，从句，副词，介词，不定式。（三，）判断推理题 此题型是阅读理解中较难的题型，多属于深层次理解题。在试卷中数量不断增多。它要求考生根据上下文的内在联系，充分挖掘文章的深层次内涵。1.推断型问题命题包括以下动词：infer,imply,suggest,conclude,assume2.对策：1）根据文中的关键词、短语、结构进行推断；2）通过阅读某段或几段内容3）注意：要根据文中内容进行推断，不能凭空猜测。因果句常考推断题因果连词：because,since,for,as,therefore,so,consequentlyetc因果动词：cause,resultin，originatefrom,etc因果名词：base,basis,result,consequence.etc解推断题应注意：：1.不要脱离原文只凭自己的想象胡乱推理或只凭常识推理；答案一定要在文章找到依据或理由，分析材料所提供的全部事实。2.特别重视文章的主旨，所选答案的内容一定不能脱离主题大意。　　3.不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点；　　4.推理的根据来自于上下文（四）观点态度题常问作者对某事是什么态度：主观（subjective）还是客观（objecfive）;肯定（positive）还是否定（negative）;赞成（approval）还是反对（oppsition）等等。解题的关键是要看作者在文中用了什么样的口气。解题方法：确定作者态度，可以有两种思路：1、问全文主体事物的(包括主题)，可以根据阐述主题或有关主体事物的相关句中的形容词、副词或动词确定作者的态度；2、如果问的是对某一具体事物的态度，则可以定位到具体相关句，然后确定答案。（五，）词义猜测题猜词技巧阅读理解的测试中经常有猜测词、短语、习语意义的题目，这些词、短语、习语要么是生词，要么是熟词新义，单靠平时积累是不够的，还要掌握一定的做题技巧。总结如下：猜词的方法：1.定义法根据文中的定义、解释猜生词；利用事例或解释猜生词；利用重复解释的信息猜生词2.指代关系法根据指代关系上下文的进行选择：文章中的代词it，that，he，him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。3.转折关系\n   根据转折或对比关系进行判断：根据上下句的连接词，如but，however，otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。 4.同位语   根据同位关系进行判断：阅读中有时出现新词、难词，后面就跟着一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，有时这种解释也用连词“or”连接。5.标点符号和提示词。分号（；）还可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。破折号表示解释说明。四．猜答案能力该部分主要考查联系上下文，综合分析文章的能力解答此类试题时，同学们首先可以快速地阅读试题所给选项，明确其内容，寻找其关键词句。再对关键词语进行详细分析，抓住信息点，仔细辨析备选选项，最后确定对应关系。一般不是正确答案项：绝对词否决法;答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案项。这些语气词有:must,always,never,themost,all,only,haveto,any,no,very,completely,none,hardly等。正确答案项：怀疑词判断法：选项中含有不十分肯定的语气词一般是正确答案项。这些语气词有can,could,may,should,usually,might,most(大多数),moreorless,relatively,belikelyto,possible,whetheror,notnecessarily等一、正确解的十个特征：1、体现中心思想（包括段落中心）的是解2、照抄原文的不是解，同义替换的是解3、含义不肯定的是解，如：cancouldmayusuallymightmostmoreorlessrelativelybelikelyto含义绝对的不是解：mustalwaysneverthemostallanynoneentirely含义相反的是解4、具体的不是解，概括性的、抽象的是解5、带有some的是解：someonesomebodysometimesomethingcertain6、简单的不是解，复杂的是解，字面意思不是解，含义深刻的是解7、带虚词的解：anotherothermoreeitherbothalsobesideadditionalextradifferentsameparticularnearlynotenough8、“变化”是解：changedelayimprovepostponeincrease9、“重要的、基础的”是解：importantnecessityessentialbasisbebasedon（3）练习  (A)Harryiseighteennow.Hestudiesinamiddleschool.Hisparentslikehimverymuchand\nhopehecanbecomeafamousman.Sotheyoftentellhimtostudyhardandtheydoallforhim.Theycallhimatsixinthemorning,afterbreakfasthisfathertakeshimtoschoolinacarandintheafternoon,assoonastheyoungmancomesback,thesupperisready.Ofcourse,heneverwasheshisclothesorgoestobuysomethingintheshops.OnceHarry’sfatherwassenttoLondononbusiness.Hewouldstaythereforhalfayear.Leaving,hetoldhiswifetotakegoodcareoftheirson.Thewomanhadtogetupearlieranddidallwhatherhusbanddidbefore.Andtwomonthslatershewassotiredthatshewasillinbed.Nowtheyoungmangotintotrouble.Hecouldn’tdoanyhousework.Hehadtodoashismothertoldhim.Evenhedidn’tknowwheretogetonthebus!YesterdayHarry’smotherfoundhisshoeswerewornoutandtoldhimtobuyanewpairintheshop.Buthedidn’tknowhowtochoose.Thewomanhadasigh(叹息)andgavehimashoepattern(鞋样)andtoldhimtobuyapairofshoeshimself.It’sSaturdaytodayandHarrydoesn’tgotoschool.Withapoliceman’shelp,hefoundashop.Theshopkeeperwasfriendlytohim.Themanbroughtalotofshoesandaskedhimtochoose.Whenhewastryingonapair,suddenlyherememberedsomethingandtookthemoff.Themanwassurprisedandasked,“What’sthematter,youngman?”“I’msorry,I’velefttheshoepatternathome!”1._______alwaysdoessomehouseworkinthemorning.A.Harry’sfatherB.Harry’smotherC.HarryD.Nobody2.Harry’sparentsdoallinsteadofhimbecause_______.A.he’stooyoungB.hehaspoorhealthC.he’sbusywithhisstudiesD.theyhopehespendsalltimeonstudies3.Thewomanhadtolookafterhersonbyherselfbecause_______.A.herhusbandwasn’tathomeB.shewasstrongerthanherhusbandC.sheknewtheyoungmanwellD.shewasfreerthanherhusband4.WhenthemanwasinLondon,_______.A.HarryhadtostayathomeB.Harrydidn’tfindthebusstopC.HarryfellbehindinhisclassD.Harrywouldn’tgotoschool\n5.Thewomantoldhersontobuyapairofshoesbecause_______.A.shedidn’tknowwhatkindheneededB.shewasbusywiththehouseworkC.somethingwaswrongwithherD.shewantedhersontodosomethinghimself6.Infact,_______.A.HarrywantedhismothertobuyshoesforhimB.Harrydidn’tbelievehimselfC.Harrywouldn’tlistentohismotherD.Harrywasstrongenoughtobuyshoesforhimself【答案与解析】本文讲一个只会死读书的书呆子自理能力很差，连买鞋子这么简单的事都做不了。1.A。细节题。根据Thewomanhadtogetupearlieranddidallwhatherhusbanddidbefore可以推断以前是她的丈夫做这些事的，因此应该选择A。2.D。细节题。根据Sotheyoftentellhimtostudyhardandtheydoallforhim可知答案为D。3.A。推断题。根据第2段第1句话OnceHarry’sfatherwassenttoLondononbusiness.Hewouldstaythereforhalfayear可知答案为A。4.B。细节题。根据第2段最后一句Evenhedidn’tknowwheregogetonthebus可知答案为B。5.C。细节题。根据Andtwomonthslatershewassotiredthatshewasillinbed可知答案为C。6.B。推断题。Harry亲自去买鞋子，却不知道自己试一试，他不相信自己的脚却只相信鞋样，因此应该选择B。(B)Napoleonagreedtoplansforatunnel(隧道)undertheEnglishChannelin1802.TheBritishbegandiggingonein1880.Neithertunnelwascompleted.Europehashadtowaituntiltheendofthe20thcenturyfortheChannelTunnel.Afternearlytwocenturiesofdreaming,theislandofGreatBritainisconnectedtoContinentalEuropeforthefirsttimesincetheIceAge,whenthetwolandmassesmovedapart.\nOnMay6,1994,Britain’sQueenElizabethandFrance’sPresidentMitterrandcarriedouttheofficialopening.TheQueenwasaccompanied(陪同)onhertrainjourneythroughthehistorictunnelbyoneofherRolls-Roycecarswhichwasplacedonthetrain.ThefollowingdaysawcelebrationstakingplaceinFolkestoneandCalais.Regularpublicservicesdidnotstartuntilthelatterpartof1994.1.TheislandofGreatBritainis_______.A.connectedtoFranceallthetimeB.separatedfromFrancewithatunnelC.separatedfromFranceallthetimeD.joinedtoFrancewiththetunnel2.QueenElizabeth_______attheopening.A.tookhercarRolls-RoycethroughthetunnelB.tookhercarwhichwasplacedonhertrainthroughthetunnelC.tookhertrainthroughthetunnelD.tookMitterrand’strainthroughthetunnel3.Before1994,onecouldgotoBritainfromFrance_______.A.onlybyshipB.byshiporplaneC.bycarortrainD.byship,carortrain4.Whichofthefollowingisright?A.Napoleonmadeplansforthetunnel.B.ThepubliccouldpassthroughthetunnelbytrainafterMay6,1994.C.Thetunnelwasbuiltfortwocenturies.D.ThetunnelwilldogreatgoodtoBritainandFrance.(C)Thecomputerisausefulmachine.Itisthemostimportantinventioninmanyyears.Theoldestkindofcomputeristheabacus(算盘),usedinChinacenturiesago,butthefirstlarge,moderncomputerwasbuiltin1946.Acomputerthencoulddomathsproblemsquitefast.Todaycomputersareusedinmanywaysandcandomanykindsofwork.Inafewyearsthecomputermaytouchthelifeofeveryone,evenpeopleinfarawayvillages.Inthelastfewyears,therehavebeengreatchangesincomputers.Theyaregetting\nsmallerandsmaller,andcomputingfasterandfaster,Manyscientistsagreethatcomputerscannowdomanythings,buttheycannotdoeverything.Whoknowswhatthecomputersoftomorrowwillbelike?Willcomputersbringgoodthingsorbadthingstopeople?Thescientistsoftodaywillhavetodecidehowtousethecomputersoftomorrow.1.Thecomputerisa_______machine.A.helpfulB.strangeC.largeD.dangerous2.Thefirstlarge,moderncomputerwasbuiltabout_______yearsago.A.afewB.fortyC.sixtyD.eighty3.Thecomputersoftodayare_______thanbefore.A.biggerB.fewerC.smallerD.taller4.Computerscando_______.A.everythingB.anythingC.nothingD.lotsofthings5.Thescientistsoftoday_______howtousethecomputersoftomorrow.A.maydecideB.mustdecideC.canmakeD.needn’tmake(D)Mr.Langworkedinafactory.Asadriver,hewasbusybuthewaspaidmuch.Hiswifewasanablewomananddidallthehousework.Whenhecameback,shetookgoodcareofhimandheneverdidanythingathome.Sohehadenoughtimewhenhehadaholiday.Afewfriendsofhislikedgambling(赌博)andhelearneditsoon.Sohewasinterestedinitandhardlyforgotanythingexceptgambling.Helostallhismoneyandlaterhebegantosellthetelevision,watchesandsoon.Hiswifetoldhimnottodoitbuthedidn’tlistentoher.Shehadtotellthepolice.Heandhisfriendswerepunishedforit.Andhewashardlysentaway.Afterhecameoutoflockup(拘留所),hehatedherverymuchandthewomanhadtoleavehim.ItwasNewYear’sDay.Mr.Langdidn’tgotowork.Hefeltlonelyandwantedtogambleagain.Hecalledhisfriendsandtheycamesoon.Buttheywereafraidthepolicewouldcome.Hetoldhisfive-year-oldsontogotofindoutiftherewerethepolicemenoutside.Theywaitedforalongtimeanddidn’tthinkthepolicewouldcomeandbegantogamble.Suddenlyopenedthedoorandincameafewpolicemen.“Isawthereweren’tanypolicemenoutside,daddy,”saidtheboy,“soIwenttothe\ncrossingandaskedsometocome.”1.Mr.Langwaspaidmuchbecause_______.A.hewasadriverB.heworkedinafactoryC.hehadalotofworktodoD.hehadworkedthereforalongtime2.Mrs.Langdidallhouseworkbecause_______.A.shecouldn’tfindanyworkB.shethoughtherhusbandwastiredC.herhusbandspentalltimeingamblingD.shewouldn’tstopherhusbandgambling3._______,sohewasputintolockup.A.Mr.LangoftengambledB.Mr.LangwaslateforworkC.Mr.Langdidn’thelphiswifeathomeD.Mr.Langwasn’tpolitetothepolice4.ThewomanhadtoleaveMr.Langbecause_______.A.hedidn’tloveheranylongerB.hewouldn’tstopgamblingC.hehadbeenputintolockupD.hewashardlysentawaybythefactory5.Whichofthefollowingisright?A.Theboyhopedhisfathertobeputintolockupagain.B.Theboythoughthisfatherneededsomepolicemen.C.Theboyhopedhisfathertostopgamblingsoon.D.Theboyhopedhismothertocomeback\n