高中英语时态讲解 26页

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  • 2022-08-31 发布

高中英语时态讲解

  • 26页
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时态讲解\n时态(1)一般现在时(2)一般过去时(3)一般将来时(4)现在进行时(5)过去进行时(6)现在完成时am(isare)/do/doeswas/were/didwilldo/willbeam(is,are)doingwas(were)doinghave/hasdone\n28.PaulandI_____tennisyesterday.HedidmuchbetterthanI.A.play   B.willplayC.played        D.areplaying29.Where’sTom?Hismother____himnow.A.islookingfor       B.willlookforC.Haslookedfor       D.looksfor31.Myauntisawriter.She____morethantenbookssince1980.A.writes     B.wrote   C.haswritten          D.willwrite32.---Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday?---I____onthegrassanddrawingapicture.sit   B.sat   C.amsitting        D.wassitting33.Iwillsendyouane-mailassoonasI_____inCanada.arriveB.arrivedC.amarrivingD.willarrive34.Manyaccidents______bycarelessdriverslastyear.A.arecausedB.werecausedC.havecausedD.willcause\n27.---Thatmusthavebeenalongtrip.---Yeah,it____usawholeweektogetthere.A.takes   B.hastakenC.took      D.wastaking32.---BobhasgonetoCalifornia.----Oh,canyoutellmewhenhe_____?A.hasleft        B.leftC.isleaving       D.wouldleave\n时态(1)一般现在时(2)一般过去时(3)一般将来时(4)现在进行时(5)过去进行时(6)现在完成时(7)过去将来时*(8)过去完成时*(9)将来进行/完成(进行)时*(10)现在/过去完成进行时*am(isare)/do/doeswas/were/didwilldo/willbeam(is,are)doingwas(were)doingwoulddo/wouldbewillbedoing/havedoneWillhavebeendoinghave/hasdonehaddonehave/has/hadbeendoing\n时间现在过去那时所预见的情况7、过去将来时一、基本概念:过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。它是一个相对的时态,即立足于过去某时,从过去的某一时间看即将发生的事情就要用这一时态。1)Hesaidhismotherwouldbuyabikeforhim.2)Mybrothertoldmehewouldn’tbelieveJackanymore.\n二、基本形式:would/should+动词原形(其中would用于各种人称,should常用于第一人称)。例如:Theyweresuretheywouldwinthefinalvictory.他们坚信会赢得最后胜利。Hedidn'texpectthatweshould(would)allbethere.他没想到我们都在那里。上述两个例句中的宾语从句谓语wouldwin和should(would)be分别与其主句谓语weresure和didn'texpect相对应。\n三、过去将来时的一些其它表达形式:1.was/were+goingto+动词原形Hesaidhewasgoingtotry.他说他准备试试。2.was/were+to+动词原形TheysaidtherailwaywastobeopenedtotrafficonMayDay.他们说这条铁路将在五一节通车。3.was/wereabout+动词原形Wewereabouttogooutwhenitbegantorain.我们正要出去天(突然)下起雨来。4.过去进行时(一般多为动作概念较强的动词,如go,come,leave,start,open,begin等)也可用于表示将来。Ididn'tknowwhentheywerecomingagain.我不知道他们什么时候再来。\n8、过去完成时的用法1、概念:表示过去的过去。-----------|----------------|--------------------|---->那时以前 那时 现在其结构是:had+过去分词2、过去完成时的用法:(1)过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或者某一动作之前完成的动作或状态;句中常用by,before,until,when等词引导的时间状语。Bytheendoflastyearwehadbuiltfivenewhouses.Ihadlearnt5000wordsbeforeIenteredtheuniversity.(2)过去完成时的动词还可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或者状态持续到过去某个时间或者持续下去。Beforeheslept,hehadworkedfor12hours.注)表示意向的动词,如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn't.\n1.Theoldman_____twodaysafterhehadbeensenttohospital.A.diedB.woulddieC.haddiedD.hasdied2.OldMcDonaldgaveupsmokingforawhile,butsoon______tohisoldways.A.returnedB.returnsC.wasreturningD.hadreturned3.I____myson____adoctor,buthewasn’tgoodenoughatscience.A.hoped;wouldbecomeB.hadhoped;wouldbecomeC.hadhoped;willbecomeD.hope;willbecome4.I_____totakeagoodholidaythisyear,butIwasn’tabletogetaway.A.hopeB.havehopedC.hadhopedD.hoped5.Helen_____herkeyintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband_____home.A.hasleft;comesB.left;hadcomeC.hadleft;cameD.hadleft;wouldcome\n9、将来进行时其结构是:willbedoing(1)将来进行时概念:表示将来某时进行的状态或动作,或按预测将来会发生的事情。She'llbecomingsoon.I'llbemeetinghimsometimeinthefuture.(2)将来进行时的用法:a)表示在将来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。如:ThistimetomorrowIshallbeflyingtoGuangzhou.明天这个时候我将在飞往广州的途中。Whatwillyoubedoingateighttomorrowmorning?明天上午八点钟你将做什么?Ihopeyouwon'tbefeelingtootired.我希望你不要太累。We'llbewatchingtelevisionallevening.我们整个晚上都将看电视。\nb)表示将来被客观情况所决定的动作或者按照安排将要发生的动作。如:We'llbehavingteaafterdinnerasusual.像通常一样,我们晚饭后将要喝茶。Theleaveswillbefallingsoon.树叶很快就会脱落。Weshallbehavingameetingtomorrowmorning.我们明天要开一个会。I’llbetakingmyholidayssoon.我不久即将度假。注意:将来进行时不用于表示"意志",不能说I'llbehavingatalkwithher.(3)将来进行时常用的时间状语:soon,tomorrow,thisevening,onSunday,bythistime,tomorrow,intwodays,tomorrowevening等。Bythistimetomorrow,I'llbelyingonthebeach.\n10、现在完成进行时其结构是:have(has)beendoig1)表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在。现在这个动作可能已经终止,也可能仍然在进行着。如:Ihavebeenwaitingforyoufortwohours.我等了你两个小时。(动作不再延续下去)Ithasbeenrainingforthreehours.雨已经下了三个小时了。(动作可能延续)“HowlonghaveyoubeenlearningEnglish?”“IhavebeenlearningEnglishfortwoyears.”你英语学多久了?----我学了两年了。(动作可能延续)“Whyareyousodirty?”“I'vebeenplayingfootball.”你身上怎么这样脏?----我刚才踢足球了。(动作不再延续下去)2)有些不能用现在进行时态的动词,如be,havelike,love,know,see,hear等,不能用现在完成进行时,只用现在完成时。Shehasbeenillforalongtime.她已经病了好久了。Ihavenotseenyouforages.我好久没有见到你了。\n各种时态的被动语态1.一般现在时2.一般过去时3.一般将来时4.现在进行时5.过去进行时6.现在完成时7.过去完成时8.过去将来时am/is/are+P.Pwas/were+P.Pwill+be+P.Pam/is/are+being+P.Pwas/were+being+P.Phave/has+been+P.Phadbeendonewouldbedone\n1.Hesteppedintotheoffice,____downandbegantofillintheforms.A.sittingB.tositC.satD.havingit2.Shesaidshewouldtelephonebutwe_____fromhersofar.A.haven’theardB.didn’thearC.hadn’theardD.won’thear3.WhenIgottothecinema,thefilm____fortenminutes.A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hadbeenonD.was4.I’llgowithyouassoonasI____myhomework.A.willfinishB.finishC.amfinishingD.finished5.Ifit_____tomorrow,Iwon’tgotothecinema.A.willrainB.rainsC.israiningD.rained6.Sheisgoingtobeanursewhenshe_____up.A.isgoingtogrowB.growsC.growingD.grew\n7.“这本书我已经买了三个月了。”,下列哪一句不对?A.Ihavehadthisbookforthreemonths.B.Ihaveboughtthisbookforthreemonths.C.Iboughtthisbookthreemonthsago.D.ItisthreemonthssinceIboughtthisbook.8.—Comein,Peter,Iwanttoshowyousomething.—Oh,howniceofyou!I_____you_____tobringmeagift.A.neverthink;aregoingB.neverthought;weregoingC.didn’tthink;weregoingD.had’tthought;weregoing9.WhenIwasatcollegeI_____threeforeignlanguages,butI_____allexceptforafewwordsofeach.A.spoke;hadforgottenB.spoke;haveforgottenC.hadspoken;hadforgottenD.hadspoken;haveforgotten10.Thepolicefoundthatthehouse_____andalotofthings____.A.hasbrokeninto;hasbeenstolenB.hadbrokeninto;hadbeenstolenC.hasbeenbrokeninto;stolenD.hadbeenbrokeninto;stolen\n11.Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit____.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israining12.Mary_____adresswhenshecutherfinger.A.madeB.ismakingC.wasmakingD.makes13.Thestudents_____busilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabookshe_____intheoffice.A.hadwritten;leftB.werewriting;hasleftC.hadwritten;hadleftD.werewriting;hadleft14.—Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?—Noyet,therooms_____,A.arebeingpaintedB.arepaintingC.arepaintedD.arebeingpainting15.—Wehaven’theardfromJaneforalongtime.—Whatdoyousuppose____toher?A.washappeningB.tohappenC.hashappenedD.havinghappened\n16.—Doyouknowourtownatall?—No,thisisthefirsttimeI_____here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming17.—Wecouldhavewalkedtothestation.Itwassonear.—Yes,Ataxi_____atallnecessary.A.wasn’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.won’tbe18.Ifcitynoises_____fromincreasing,people_____shouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow.A.arenotkept;willhavetoB.arenotkept;havetoC.donotkeep;willhavetoD.donotkeep;haveto19.Tom_____intothehousewhennoone_____.A.slipped;waslookingB.hadslipped;lookedC.slipped;hadlookedD.wasslippping;looked20.ThelasttimeI_____Janeshe____cottoninthefields.A.hadseen;waspickingB.saw;pickingC.hadseen;pickedD.saw;waspicking\n四、用法注意点:1.在时间和条件状语从句中,常用一般过去时来表示过去将来时。例如:Hesaidhewouldcometoseeyouwhenhehadtime.他说他有时间就来看望你。2.“would+动词原形”可表示过去习惯性的动作。此时,不管什么人称,都可用would。Whenhewasachildhewouldgetupearly.他年幼时,总是很早起床。\n(3)在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句。Shesaid(that)shehadneverbeentoParis.(4)在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。Whenthepolicearrived,thethieveshadrunaway.(5)表示意向的动词,如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn't.(6)过去完成时的时间状语before,by,until,when,after,once,assoonas。HesaidthathehadlearnedsomeEnglishbefore.Bythetimehewastwelve,hehadbegantomakealivingbyhimself.Tomwasdisappointedthatmostoftheguestshadleftwhenhearrivedattheparty.\n(注)表示意向的动词,如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn't.\n怎样区别现在完成时和现在完成进行时现在完成进行时是一兼有现在完成时和现在进行时二者基本特点的时态。由于它有现在完成时的特点,所以它可以表示某一动作对现在产生的结果或影响。由于它有现在进行时的特点,所以它也可以表示某一动作的延续性、临时性、重复性、生动性乃至感情色彩。现在就现在完成进行时的这些特点和现在完成时作一简单的比较:\n(1)现在完成进行时和现在完成时皆可表示动作对现在产生的结果,但前者所表示的结果是直接的,而后者所表示的则是最后的结果。Wehavebeencleaningtheclassroom.(a)Wehavecleanedtheclassroom.(b)(a)句可译为“我们打扫教室来着。”其直接结果可能是:我们身上都是灰。(b)句可以译为“我们把教室打扫过了。”其结果是:现在教室很清洁,可以用了。又,(a)句表示教室刚刚打扫过,(b)句则可能表示教室是昨天打扫的。Becareful!Johnhasbeenpaintingthedoor.(a)Johnhaspaintedthedoor.(b)(a)句表示约翰刚刚把门油漆过,现在油漆还未干,所以你要小心。(b)句则无此含义,油漆可能已干了。\n(2)现在完成进行时有时有延续性,现在完成时往往没有。如:Theyhavebeenwideningtheroad.(a)Theyhavewidenedtheroad.(b)(a)句的意思是他们在加宽马路,但尚未完工。(b)句的意思则是已完工了。有时现在完成时有延续性(如一些属于持续体的动词),但无临时性质。Mr.SmithhasbeenlivinginLondonsince1978.(a)Mr.SmithhaslivedinLondonsince1979.(b)(a)句有“史密斯先生在伦敦久居”的含义,(b)句则没有。(3)但现在完成进行时并不总是具有临时的性质,如:MymotherhasbeenteachingEnglishfortwentyyears(a)MymotherhastaughtEnglishfortwentyyears.(b)(a)句在此并无临时性质,但较口语化。(b)句则较为正式。又,(a)句表示动作现在仍在继续.并将延续下去,(b)句的动作是否延续下去,由上下文决定,在一般情况下都是延续下去的。\n(4)现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复,现在完成时则常常不带重复性。Haveyoubeenmeetingherlately?(a)Haveyoumetherlately?(b)(a)句有“经常相会”之意,(b)句则没有。(b)句如与often,everyday等时间状语连用,当然也表示动作在重复。(5)现在完成进行时比较生动,有时含有明显的感情色彩,而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实,一种影响或结果,平铺直叙,没有什么感情色彩可言。Ihavebeenwantingtomeetyouforlong.(a)Ihavelongwantedtomeetyou.(b)(a)句比(b)句更亲切,更有礼貌。RecentlyMaryhasbeendoingherworkregularly.(a)RecentlyMaryhasdoneherworkregularly.(b)(a)句显然是在表扬玛丽。(b)只说明一个事实。\n下面还有一例,颇为有趣:Who'sbeeneatingmyapples?(a)Who'seatenmyapples?(b)(a)句有强烈的感情色彩,表示愤怒不满,(b)句只是希望回答的一个问题。(a)句兼有进行时态,所以有“苹果未被全部吃光”的意思,(b)句是完成时态,说明“苹果一个不剩了”。

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