高中英语定语从句 6页

前置定语agoodboyaballpenthetallboythestrongboythecleverboyTheboyisTom.TheboywhoistallisTom.TheboywhoisstrongisTomTheboywhoiscleverisTom.theredappleTheapplewhichisred/green/red/greenismine.定语后置abasketfullofeggsalanguageeasytolearnThepeopletherearegoingtoBeijing.Thelifetomorrowwillbemorecomfortable.Thefriendshipbetweenthetwocountrieswilllastforever.Theballunderthechairismine.Thepeoplelivingherearefondoffolksongs.定语从句中的关系词之三大功能作用关系词连接作用替代先行词在从句中充当某一成分关系代词who√人主语（在口语中亦可作宾语/表语）whom√人宾语（在口语中可用who代，但在介词后只能用此词）whose√人/物定语（可用of+which取代）which√物/句子主语/宾语/表语that√人/物主语/宾语/表语as√人/物/句子主语/宾语/表语关系副词when√时间名词时间状语（可用“介词+which”取代）where√地点名词地点状语（可用“介词+which”取代）why√thereason原因状语（可用“for+which”取代）1. 定语从句:用来修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句.它一般都跟在所修饰的名词或代词的后面,被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词. LastweekIboughtabook.ItisveryinterestingLastweekIboughtabookanditisveryinteresting. Thebook(that/which)Iboughtlastweekisveryinteresting.LastweekIboughtabook,whichisveryinteresting. 选择依据：弄清关系词在从句中作什么成分，是主语,宾语，定语还是状语辨别先行词表示的是人，物，事还是时间，地点，原因判断从句是限制性的还是非限制性的（只有that,why不能引导非限制性从句）考点一关系代词that和which在很多情况下可以互换，但哪些情况只能用that?1:先行词是everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,none等不定代词或由不定代词any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all等修饰时,引导定语从句用that不用which。 Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.2：先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰且指物时,引导定语从句用that。 ThisisoneofthebestfilmsthatIhaveeverseen.Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.3:先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用that。 Hespokeofthethingsandpersonsthathehadseenabroad.4:先行词被thevery,theonly等修饰且指物时,引导定语从句用that。 ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingfor.5：当先行词前面有who/which等疑问代词时，只用that。 Whoistheladythatistalkingtoourteacher?Whichisthebookthatyouwanttoread?练习All______helearnedfromtheteachersisvaluable. Youcanfindalltheinformation_______youneedontheInternet. Hetoldmeeverything______heheardatthemeeting. 6\nSydneyisthefirstplace______IvisitedinAustralia. Thisisthemostamusing(惊讶的)story______Ihaveread. Theonlyinformation_____Igotishisaddress. Thisistheverymoment______candecideyourfuture.  I’llneverforgetthebeautifulvillageandthekindvillagers_____Ivisitedthesummerholiday. Whoistheman______isstandingbythewindow?考点二有哪些情况关系代词不用that，而用which，who，whom?Fillintheblanksa．Hemadethesamemistakesagain,_which____madehisparentsveryangry.b．YesterdayIboughtadictionary,___which____costmemorethan100yuan.c．MrSmith,____who___gaveatalkseveralmonthsago,willcomeagain.d．Myunclehascomebackfromabroad,___whom___Ihaven’tmetforalongtime.e.Iliveintheroomthedoorof__which___iswhite.1、在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用which，指人用who或whom.2、在介词后面，指事物用which，指人用whom.1.Herbag,inwhichsheputallhermoney,hasbeenstolen.2.Thisistheringonwhichshespent1000dollars.3.XiaoWang,withwhomIwenttotheconcert,enjoyedhimselfverymuch.(4)Myglasses,withoutwhichIwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.考点三在定语从句中如何正确判断与使用介词?1.引导定语从句时，能用于介词+关系代词引导定语从句的代词只有which和whom。选择的依据如下：①介词与定语从句的先行词或动词，形容词是习惯性搭配。 Eg.ThefarmonwhichIonceworkedhastakenonanewlookWhoisthemanwithwhomourteacherisshakinghands? Oursisabeautifulcountry,ofwhichwearegreatlyproud. 名词/代词/数词+of+which/whom知多少?Rewritethefollowingsentences1.Thecommitteeconsistsof20membersand5ofthemarewomen.2.Thebookcontains50poems,andmostofthemwerewrittenin1930s.3.Ihaveasentence,andthemeaningofitIdon’tunderstand.Ihaveasentence,themeaningofwhichIdon’tunderstand.Conclusion名词　/代词/数词+of　表示物用which表示人用whom2.当引导词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，介词可以提前放在which或when前，也可放于原来的位置，但在含有动词固定词组中，介词只能放于原来的位置。 Eg.Thisistheroomwhich/thatLuxunusedtolivein.=ThisistheroominwhichLuxunusedtolive. Themanwho/whom/thatItalkedaboutatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity. =ThemanaboutwhomItalkedatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity. 但Thisisthepersonwho/whom/thatyouarelookingfor.这一句中for不可提前，因为lookfor是短语动词。 例1．Ericreceivedtrainingincomputerforoneyear,______hefoundajobinabigcompany. A.afterthatB.afterwhichC.afteritD.afterthis （即时巩固练习）1.Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking,thefirst______Ireallyenjoyed. A.ofthatB.ofwhichC.thatD.which 2.Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,______hewentontoCambridge. A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthis考点四如when,where,why与which,that引导的定语从句?如何恰当使用1.先行词是表示地点,时间,原因的名词或含有地点,时间,原因意义的抽象名词，用来引导定语从句.when,where,why在从句中作状语相当于相应的介词+which2.若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。Thisisthetownwhere/inwhichIspentmychildhood.Thelibrarywhich/thatyouvisitedyesterdaywasbuiltin1990.I’llneverforgettheday_when/onwhichwefirstmetinthepark.I’llneverforgetthetime_which/thatIspentwithyou.where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。 1.I’vecometothepointwhereIcan’tstandhim.2.Thecountryisinthesituationwhereawarwillbreakoutatanytime. 解析：如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,part,condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where引导，意思是6\n“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。 1.Wearetryingtoreachapoint____bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk. A.whichB.thatC.whereD.when 2.---Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourself?---Yes,there’sonepoint____wemustinsiston.A.whyB.whereC.howD./考点五如何用好whose引导的定语从句?whose表示所属关系Theriver_________banksarecoveredwithtreesflowstothesea.Thereareinthisclass20students,______aredifferent.A.whosebackgroundsB.thebackgroundsofwhomC.ofwhomthebackgroundsD.thebackgroundsofwhose考点六as和which的区别知多少？1、非限制性定语从句中谓语为被动时，常用as作主语。asissaid/known/announced/reported/mentioned/expected/discussed等。Asisknowntoall,TaiwanispartofChina.2、as引导非限制性定语从句，有“正如”的含义，因此，下列句式中多用as:as引导非限制性定语从句常见结构有asiswellknown/isknowntoall众所周知ashasbeensaidbefore如前所述ashasbeenalreadypointedout正如已经指出的asweallcansee正如我们所看到的asisexpected/hoped/supposed,.正如所盼望的/希望的/料想的asisoftenthecase情况常常如此考点七定语从句运用中的注意点1.定语从句中关系代词与先行词的一致性。试比较：Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowasherejustnow.Heisoneofthestudentswhowereherejustnow.2.定语从句与并列结构。试比较：Hehastwosons,neitherofwhomlookslikehim.Hehastwosons,andneitherofthemlookslikehim.2.定语从句和并列句 1.Isawsometrees,andtheleavesofthetreeswereblackwithdisease. =Isawsometrees,theleavesof____which____wereblackwithdisease. 2.Theprofessorisanordinary-lookinglittleman,onthenoseof___whom_______thereisapairofglasses 3、是用theone还是用that,which,where.            （1）Isthisschool_______youstudy?（2）Isthistheschool______youstudyin?            （3）Isthistheschool_______youstudy?（4）Isthisschool______isaseniorone?A.that/which            B.where        C.theone        D.theonewhere          E.theonethat/which遇到这类句子，先将其变成肯定句，再看主句是否缺少表语。若缺表语，则必须用theone的形式，接着再看theone在从句中作什么成分，若作状语，则必须用theonewhere，若作主语或宾语时，则用theone(that/which)4、定语从句与强调结构的区别（1）Itwasinthishouse______hewasborn.        （2）Itwasthishouse______hewasborn.（3）Itwasinthehouse_______heusedtoliveinthattheexhibitionwasheld.A.where        B.that        C.which        D.there5、定语从句与其他从句的区别（1）定语从句与地点状语从句的区别是看有无表示地点的名词作先行词，有则是定语从句，试比较：Youshouldleavethetoywhereyoucanfind.      Istillrememberthebusstopwhere/atwhichImetyou.3.定语从句和状语从句 (1)Thisissuchabigstone__that_____noonecanliftit.Thisissuchabigstone___as____noonecanlift. (2)Pleaseputtheletterinthedrawer_____inwhich______hecaneasilyfindit.(=where) Pleaseputtheletter____where_____hecaneasilyfindit. （2）定语从句与结果状语从句的区别是看从句的连接词是否在从句中作成分，作成分的是定语从句；若连接词在句中不作成分时，则为结果状语从句。试比较：Heissuchakindpersonaseverybodylikes.    Heissuchakindpersonthateverybodylikeshim.（3）定语从句与同位语从句的区别主要是看连接词是否在从句中作成分，作成分的是定语从句，不作成分而只是表示前面名词的具体内容的则是同位语从句。试比较：6\nThenewsthathehadbeenbacksurprisedusall.    Thenews(that)hetoldussurprisedusall.6.定语从句和同位语从句(1)Thenews__that______ourvolleyballteamwonthematchmadeusexcited. (2)Thenews____that/which______hetoldmeyesterdayisexciting. (3)Theproblem_____that_____weshouldanswerfortheaccidentiscleartoyou. (4)Theproblem____that/which______heaskedmetosolveishardtosolve. 4.定语从句和名词性从句(1)Hedidall(that)hecouldtohelpme.(=what) (2)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.(=what)(3)__As_____isknowntousall,theearthturnsroundthesun.Itisknowntousall__that_____TaiwanbelongstoChina. (4)___What___isknowntousallisthattheearthissmallerthanthesun. 5、way后面的定语从句（用that/inwhich或省略）：Pleasetellmetheway(that/inwhich)youdidthejob.定语从句专项练习一、易混易错定语从句练习: 1．①Wholivesinthe house_________windowsfacesouth？  ②Wholivesinthe house___________thewindowsfacesouth？2．①Isthisfactory ____________youvisitedlastyear？②Isthisthefactory ____________youvisitedlastyear？3．①Johnistheonlyone ofthestudentswho__________French．（know） ②Johnisoneofthe studentswho_____________French．（know）①WhenIhavetrouble，he istheonlyone__________Icanaskforhelp．  ②WhenIhavetrouble，he istheonlyone____________Icangoforhelp． 5．①Thisistheknife_____________Iusuallycutmypencil． 　 ②Thisistheknife _______________Iusuallyusetocutmypencil． 6．①Lastsummerhewent toBeijing，______________hehadvisitedtwice． 　②Lastsummerhewentto Beijing，____hevisitedalotofplacesofinterest． 7．①Hestillrememberthe days______________wespenttogether． 　②Hestillrememberthe days______wespentthesummerholidaystogether．  8．①Thereason______ hegaveuswasthathiscarbrokedownontheway②Thereason___he waslatewasthathiscarbrokedownontheway． 9.①Theteacherdid___________hecouldtohelpus.②Theteacherdidall__________hecouldtohelpus.定语从句对比练习1.A.MrBrownhastwodaughters,bothof_____aredoctors.B.MrBrownhastwodaughters.Bothof_____aredoctors.a.themb.whomc.thatd.they2.A.I'llneverforgetthedays_____wespenttogetherinBeijing.B.I'llrememberthedays_____weworkedtogetherinBeijing.a.thatb.wherec.whend.what3.A.Thebuilding_____gatefacessouthismyoffice.B.Thebuilding_____facessouthismyoffice.a.whoseb.wherec.whichd.inwhich4.A.Ourteacherdidall_____hecouldtohelpthem.B.Ourteacherdid_____hecouldtohelpthem.a.whatb.whichc.thatd.whose5.A.Isthisthenovel_____youboughtthedaybeforeyesterday?B.Isthisnovel___youboughthedaybeforeyesterday.a.thatb.theonec.whered.inwhich6.A.Sheisoneofthestudentsinourclasswho_____well.6\nB.Sheistheonlyoneofthestudentsinourclasswho_____well.a.singb.singsc.sangd.havesung7.A.Weshouldgototheplace_____wearemostneeded.B.Weshouldgototheplace_____needsusmost.a.itb.wherec.thatd.what8.A.ItisOctober_____wemetinDalianforthefirsttime.B.ItisinOctober_____wemetinDalianforthefirsttime.a.thatb.whichc.whend.while10.A.MrCrossis_____peoplecallastrangeman.B.MrCrossisaman_____peoplecallastrangeman.a.whatb.thatc.whichd.who11.A.Heissuchagoodteacher_____wealllikehim.B.Heissuchagoodteacher_____wealllike.a.whomb.thatc.asd.which12.A.Hehasfourdaughters,twoof_____areworkers.B.Hehasfourdaughters,andtwoof_____areworkers.a.whichb.whomc.themd.what13.A.Motherdidn'tcomebackonDecember25,_____wasmybirthday.B.Motherdidn'tcomebackhomeonDecember25,_____shewasbusyworking.a.thatb.whichc.whend.as14.A.Hesaidnothingatthemeeting,_____surprisedusall.B.Hesaidnothingatthemeeting,_____wasknowntousall.a.asb.thatc.whichd.such15.A.Thisistheroom_____helivedinhischildhood.B.Thisistheroom_____helivedinlastyear.a.whenb.wherec.thatd.what16.A.Itwasthehouse_____Imettheyoungman.B.Itwasinthehouse_____Imettheyoungman.a.whichb.whatc.thatd.where相似结构辨析1:Isthismuseum_____theyvisitedyesterday?2.Isthisthemuseum_____theyvisitedyesterday?3.Isthismuseum____theystayedyesterday?4.Isthisthemuseum____theystayedyesterday?5.Isthemuseum___youvisitedyesterdaybeautiful?6.Itwasthemuseum__yousawmanytreasures.7.Itwasinthemuseum______yousawmanytreasures.8.Itwasinthemuseum______youdroppedinthatyousawmanytreasures.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.theoneE./相似结构辨析2:Shelivedinthehouse______sheusedtolive.2.Shelivedinthehouse______sheusedtolivein.3.Shelivedinthehouse______sheusedtodropin.4.Shelivedinthehouse______sheusedtovisit.5.Shelivedinthehouse__windowswerebroken.6.Shelivedinthehouse_thewindowswerebroken.7.Shelivedinthehousethewindows______werebroken.8.Shelivedinthehouseand______windowswerebroken.9.Shelivedinthehouse______thebrokenwindows.A.whereB.inwhichC.atwhichD.thatE.whichF.its6\nG.withH.ofwhichI.whoseJ./相似结构辨析3:______isknownisthathehasgonetocollege2.______isknownthathehasgonetocollege.3.______isknown,hehasgonetocollege.4.Weallknow_____hehasgonetocollege.5.Hehasgonetocollege,___madeussurprised.6.Hehasgonetocollegeand____madeussurprised.7.Hehasgonetocollege,______surprisedus.8.__surprisedusmostwas__hehasgonetocollege.A.ItB.AsC.whichD.WhatE.that相似结构辨析5:1.HearrivedinBeijingin1984,_____hebecameamanager,someyearslater.2.HearrivedinBeijingin1984,_____wasimportantforhim.3.HearrivedinBeijingin1984,_____hewasalreadyinhisfifties.4.HearrivedinBeijingin1984,and_____hebecamefamous.5.Itwasin1984______hearrivedinBeijing.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.thereE.that语法专题复习—定语从句答案一、易混易错定语从句练习: 1.①whose②ofwhich2.①theone②which/that/不填3.①knows②know4.①whom②towhom5.①withwhich②which/that/不填6.①which②where7.①which/that/不填②when8.①which/that/不填②why/forwhich9.①what②that/不填二、用关系词填空参考答案:1which2whom3that4which5that6when7As8whose9where10that/which11which12where13that/which14as15as16which17why18that/which19whose20inwhich/that21who22where23when24which25that26who27whose28As29that/which30that三、语法填空：（一）1which2in3But4a5wasliberated6which7where8greatly9who10more（二）1celebration2.at3havingcompleted4one5who6to7at8what9my10when语法专题复习—定语从句答案1~5CCBDC1-5BDADA一、易混易错定语从句练习: 1.①whose②ofwhich2.①theone②which/that/不填3.①knows②know4.①whom②towhom5.①withwhich②which/that/不填6.①which②where7.①which/that/不填②when8.①which/that/不填②why/forwhich9.①what②that/不填二、用关系词填空参考答案:1which2whom3that4which5that6when7As8whose9where10that/which11which12where13that/which14as15as16which17why18that/which19whose20inwhich/that21who22where23when24which25that26who27whose28As29that/which30that语法填空：（一）1which2in3But4a5wasliberated6which7where8greatly9who10more（二）1celebration2.at3havingcompleted4one5who6to7at8what9my10when6