高中英语冠词用法 2页

（一）.不定冠词的用法1.用在可数名词前表示“一个”相当于“one”(类指)。Thereisabookonthedesk.2.用在专有名词前,表示“某一个”相当于“acertain”.AMr.Whiteiswaitingforyoudownstairs.3.表示“一类”相当于“any”(泛指).Ahorseisausefulanimal.4.表示“每一”相当于“per”.Thedoctoraskedmetotakethemedicinethreetimesaday.5.用在某些固定词组中.abit,afew,alittle,alotof,apieceof,acupof,aglassof,apileof,apairof,haveagoodtime,forawhile,foralongtime6.用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍:a+抽象名词，即抽象名词具体化。如：Thislittlegirlisajoytoherparents.7.与物质名词连用，表示“一种，一阵、一份”。Whataheavyrain!ASprite,please.Whatagoodsupper!HeboughtaToyota.8.“a”用在辅音开头前,“an”用在元音开头前.ausefulbook,aEuropeancountry,a(二).定冠词的用法1.表示文中再次提到的人或物.Thereisabookonthedesk.ThebookisanEnglishbook.2.表示特指的人或物(即:谈话时彼此都知道的人或物).Lookattheblackboard.3.用在单数可数名词前表示泛指Thehorseisausefulanimal.4.表示世界上独一无二的东西thesun,theearth,thecapital,thesky,theuniverse5.用在由普通名词构成的国家、党派等专有名词前以及江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛的名词前。theUnitedStates,theCommunistPartyofChina,theYellowRiver,theRocky6.用在序数词、形容词最高级前。thesecondstory,thelargestroom,thethirdlongestriver7.用在方位名词前或某些表示时间的词组或习惯语中。ontheleft,intheeast/west,inthemorning,ontheotherhand,intheend8.用在形容词或分词前表示一类人。thepoor/rich/dying/young/living/wounded9.在姓氏复数形式前，表示全家人或夫妇二人。TheSmithsaresittingatthebreakfasttable10.弹奏乐器时，乐器名词前Doyouliketoplaythepianoortheviolin?11.在表示发明物的单数名词前加定冠词ThecompasswasinventedinChinafourthousandyearsago.12.年代前Inthe1870’s/1870s,whenMarxwasalreadyinhisfifties,…13.在表示阶级、阶层的词前therulingclass,theworkingpeople14.用在一些习惯用语中。如：inthemorning(afternoon,evening),bytheway,inthewater/field/light/shade/distance/middle/country/raintellthetruth/ontheotherhand15.定冠词使用特殊的场合。①Hehithimintheface.beatsb.onthenose,takesb.bythearm,②theelderofthetwo,themostbeautifulofthethree③Thesooner,thebetter.④Hegotpaidbythehour.bytheyard/thedozen/themonth/thepiece但：byweight按重量另外:绰号的表达法如下PetertheGreat,JohntheLion-hearted,WilliamtheConqueror（三）不用冠词的情况(零冠词)1.专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前China,America,John,Airisamatter.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.2.可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格限制时Thisbookismine.3.季节、月份、星期、节日、一日三餐名称前\n4.称呼语，表示头衔的名词作表语、宾语补足语及同位语.BushispresidentoftheUSA.5.学科名词，球类、棋类名词前Doyoustudymathematics?Helikesplayingfootball/chess.6.泛指复数名词前Computersarewidelyusedinourdailylife.7.在与by连用的交通工具名称前bycar(bus,train,water,air,land)8.某些固定词组中(1).名词词组husbandandwife,brotherandsister,dayandnight,knifeandfork(2).介词词组to/at/fromschool,inclass,inprison,to/at/fromworkinfrontof/inthefrontofattable/atthetableinchargeof/inthechargeofoutofquestion/outofthequestioninpossessionof/inthepossessionofbysea/bythesea9.as引导的让步状语从句中，作表语的名词不带冠词。Childassheis,sheknowsalotofFrench.10.系动词turn（作“变成”解）后作表语的单数可数名词前习惯不用冠词。Theyounggirlhasturnedwriter.=Theyounggirlhasbecomeawriter.11.在单数名词+after+同一单数名词（表示“一个接一个”）结构中，单数可数名词前不加冠词。Shedidexperimentafterexperiment.shopaftershop,mistakeaftermistake12.形容词的最高级前、序数词前也有不用定冠词的情况。①“most+形容词原级”作“十分、非常、极”解时，前面不用定冠词。Oh,it’smostbeautiful.(amostbeautifulpicture=averybeautifulpicture)③当形容词最高级作表语，不表示与其他人或物相比时，其前不用定冠词。Themarketinthecountryisbusiestinwinter.②当两个形容词最高级并列修饰同一个名词时，第二个形容词前通常不用定冠词。Sheisthetallestandfattestgirlinourschool.④形容词最高级前有名词所有格或物主代词时，不能用定冠词。Awolfinasheep’sskinisourmostdangerousenemy.⑤序数词前面一般加定冠词表示“第……”之意，但在second、third等词前加不定冠词表示“又一，再一”之意。…whyyoutookasecondarrow注意：下句中“afirst”表示“第一名、冠军”。Heisatopstudentinourclass,forheoftengetsafirstinmaths.13.no与such连用时应放在such之前，such后面的名词不用冠词。Nosuchthinghaseverhappenedinthisvillage14.固定词组gotoschool(college,court,prison,work,church)beinschool...比较:Hewenttocollegelastyear.HewenttothecollegelastSunday•定冠词用法记忆口诀机器特形专家习性二熟最独地方单数•下列情况应免冠,代词限定名词前,复数名词不可数•学科球类三餐饭,专有名词不可数,星期月份季节前•交通颜色和语种,称呼习语及头衔