高中英语之定语从句 40页

简单句的五种基本句型与句子成分\n(1)主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P)Theweatherisverycold.(2)主语+不及物动词(S+Vi)Helaughed.(3)主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V+O)IlikeChinesefood.\n(4)主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)Shetaughtthemphysics.(5)主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+C)Wemustkeeptheroomwarm.\n请说出下列句子类型。1.Summeriscoming.2.Theywon’tletmego.3.HeshowedmeanewTVset.4.Sheknowswhattodo.5.Theweatherisverycold.S+ViS+V+CS+V+IO+DOS+V+OS+V+P\n句子的基本成分一.基础知识1.句子成分的划分：主、谓、宾、定、状、补、同位语、表语⑴Heisastudent.（astudent是表语）主谓⑵HelikesEnglish.主谓宾⑶Thisdictionarylooksbeautifulontheshelf.(this作定语)主谓状⑷Heisstudyingherenow.主谓状状⑸Westudentsmadehimmonitor.主谓宾宾补⑹Tomisfairlycareless.Strangely,hedrivesverycarefully.(fairly和very是状语)主谓状主谓状\n各成分的定义主语是句子所要说明的对象(人或物),是句子的主体谓语是说明主语的动作或状态。一般由动词充当宾语及物动词或介词的对象定语是用来限定名词或代词的成分状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的成分补语补充说明主语或宾语的成分表语连系动词后表示主语的身份或特征的成分同位语位于名词、代词后说明它们性质特征back\nTheAttributiveClause定语从句\nWhichoneisHarryPorter?TheboyisHarryPorter\nWhichoneisHarryPorter?Theboy_______________________isHarryPorter.whoiswearingglasses定语从句\n定语从句一、概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.(在句子中作定语)(Attributiveclause)HarryPorterisasmartboy.HarryPorterisaboywhohasmagicpower.形容词作定语句子作定语,修饰boy,叫做定语从句\nHarryPorterisaboywhohasmagicpower.先行词关系词定语从句关系代词关系副词which,who,whom,whose,thatwhere,when，why\n二、用法:Thesearethetreeswhich/thatwereplantedlastyear.先行词是人关系代词:whowhomwhosethatwhich先行词是物Thesearethestudentswho/thatwonthefirstplacelastyear.\nHaveatry指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：1.ThemanwhocametoourschoolisMr.Wang.()2.Thegirl(whom)ImetisLucy.()3.AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.()4.Ilikethebook(which)youboughtyesterday.()主语宾语定语宾语\n主语宾语定语指人whothatwhomthatwhose（ofwhom）指物WhichthatWhichthatWhose(ofwhich)指人和物thatthatwhose1.引导定语从句的关系代词\n关系副词When=on(in,during…)whichwhere=on(in,infrontof…)whichWhy=forwhich2.引导定语从句的关系副词\n如何选用定语从句的关系词1.首先分清主句和定语从句2.确定定语从句的先行词3.把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分（主语，宾语，定语或状语）4.若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定语则选择关系代词，若在从句中做状语，则选择关系副词。\n1.who,whom,whose,that用法区别.①who作定语从句的主语或宾语.Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.Themanisaworker.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.分解作主语\n②whom作定语从句的宾语Thewomanwhomtheywantedtovisitisateacher.Thewomanisateacher.Theywantedtovisitthewoman.分解作宾语\n③that可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.Thewoman(whom/that)theywantedtovisitisateacher.可省略Themanwho/thatisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.\n④whose作定语从句的定语.Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher.分解Iknowthegirl.Thegirl’smotherisateacher.作定语\n2.which,that的用法which作定语从句的主语或宾语.Ilikethebook(which/that)youboughtyesterday.Thisisatruckwhich/thatismadeinChina.作主语作宾语可省略\n3.只能用that的情况①序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时TomisthecleverestboythatIhaveeverknown.ThisisthefirstplaythatIhaveseensinceIcamehere.\n③everything,something,nothing,all,anything,little,much等不定代词作先行词时Everythingthatwesawinthisfilmwastrue.②先行词被every,some,no,all,any,little,much等修饰时。I’vereadallthebooksthatyoulendme.\n④先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.⑤主句已有who或which时Whoisthegirlthatisstandingunderthetree?WhichisthemachinethatweusedlastSunday.\n⑥当先行词同时指人和物时I’veneverheardofthepeopleandthingsthatyoutalkedaboutjustnow.\n4.关系代词前有介词时(介词提前).指人只用whom,指物只用whichThisistheboywithwhomhetalked.Thisistheringonwhichshespent1000dollars.\n（三）关系副词引导的定语从句1．when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallyarrived.2．where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.Ivisitedthefarmwherealotofcowswereraised.3．why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.\n注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。Fromtheyearswhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoprimaryschoolinthecountryhehadknownwhathewantedtobewhenhegrewupGreatchangesaretakingplaceinthecitywhere/inwhichtheylive.Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear.back\nHaveyougotit?\n由Who引导的定语从句，在句中做主语\宾语1、Doyouknowtheman___istalkingwithyourfather?A.whoseB.whoC.which2、Theboys___theteachertalkedtoarefromClassOne.A.whenB.whichC.who3、Those___wanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.A.whoB.whichC.whom\n4.Thegentleman___youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whom5.Thedoctor___youarelookingforisintheroom.A.whomB.whatC.which6.Theteacherfor____youarewaitinghascome.A.whoB.whomC.that由Whom引导的定语从句，在句中做宾语介词提前时只能用whom\n7.Achild___parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.A.whichB.hisC.whose8.Thisbookisforthestudents___native(本国的)languageisnotEnglish.A.thatB.ofwhomC.whose9.Theboy___compositionwonthefirstprizeistheyoungestinthegroup.A.whoB.whoseC.that由Whose引导的定语从句,在句中做定语\n10、Hepreferstoeattherice___inthesouth.A.whoisgrownB.whichisgrownC.whenisgrown11、Theknife___Icuttheapplewithcan’tbefound.A.whichB.whoC.what12、Theroomin___therearemanybooksismine.A.thatB.whoC.which13、Thisisthepen____heboughtyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.when由Which引导的定语从句，在句中做主语\宾语介词提前时只能用whichthat\n14.All_____isneededisasupplyofoil.A.whichB.thatC.what15.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything____hehadstolentothepolice.A.whichB.whatC.that先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything只能用that引导\n16.It’sthemostboringfilm___Ihaveeverseen.A.whichB.thatC.whose17.Thisisthefirstcar___arrivedthismorning.A.whichB.whoC.that先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时只能用that引导\n18.Iknowallpeople___arefromthatvillage.A.whoB.thatC.whose19.Thereisnowater___isneededbadly.A.whichB.whoC.that20.Pleasetakeanyseat___isfree.A.whichB.thatC.inwhich先行词被all,any,every,few,little,no,some等修饰时只能用that引导\n21.Thatistheverybook___Iwaslookingfor.A.whoB.thatC.which22.Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlything___heowns.A.whoB.thatC.which先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修饰时只能用that引导\n23.Thespeakerspokeofsomewritersandsomebooks___werepopularthen.A.whoB.thatC.which先行词被既有人又有物时只能用that引导\n24.Whoistheworker___tooksomepicturesofthefactory.A.whoB.thatC.which主句已有who或which时,只能用that引导\nSeeyou!