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连词\n什么是连词?用于连接单词,短语或句子的词语连词并列连词从属连词\n表并列关系的连词:1.and和,而且基本用法:表并列Ilikeapplesandoranges.祈使句后用and,有条件句作用此时and=ifyou…youwill…Studyhard,andyouwillpasstheexam.Gostraight,andyouwillseethelibrary.并列连词\n2.both…and…既…也…,两者都(谓语用复数)BothyouandJimarefromEngland.ShecanspeakbothFrenchandEnglish.3.neither…nor既不…也不…,两者都不…连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致。NeitherInorhelikesthissong.并列连词\n并列连词4.Notonly…butalso…不但…而且…(就近原则)Notonlythemotherbutalsothechildrenareill.Henotonlywashedtheclothesbutalsocleanedtheroom5.aswellas…与…一样,也1)用来连接并列的主语时,谓语动词要与前一主语保持一致HelenaswellasIisgoingtoHKnextweek.2)如aswellas前是不定式,那其后面也应是不定式,但to省略Hermotheraskshertodothehouseworkaswellas(to)lookafterhersister.\n二,表示选择关系的连词1.either…or要么…要么…不是…就是…(就近原则)EitheryouorIamgoingtheretomorrow.Sheiseitherdrunkormad.Eitheryouorsheattendsthemeeting.2.or还是,或者,否则Issheateacherorastudent?Hurryup,orwewillmissthebus.3.otherwise否则(可与or互换)Getupquickly,otherwiseyouwillbelateforschool.\n三,表示转折关系的连词but但是heisold,butheisveryhealthy.however然而,但是,可放在句首,中,末,通常用逗号隔开,作插入语。Myroomissmall,however,it’sverycomfortable.while然而,而Iamgoodatswimmingwhileheisgoodatrunning.yet,然而,可是Hestudiedhard,yethefailtheexam.\n四,表示因果关系的连词so因此,所以(不能与because连用)therefore因此,所以(比so正式,常与and连用)for因为与because的区别:for的句子重心在for前的分句,而because重心在because引导的从句It’smorning,forthebirdsaresinging.(对,表推断的原因)It’smorning,becausethebirdsaresinging.(错,因为鸟叫不是天亮的直接原因)但可以说thebirdsaresingingbecauseit’smorning.\n用以引导名词性从句和状语从句的连词,由从属连词所导的句子叫从句。引导时间状语从句的:when,while,as,before,after,until,till等when用来引导时间状从。当从句的主语与主句的主语相同时,be动词可省略WhenIgothome,myfamilywerealreadyhavingdinner.(when表示点时间)Whentheywerestilltalkingandlaughing,theteachercamein.(when表示时间段)When(youare)introuble,askhimforhelp.从属连词\nwhile用来引导延续性动作或状态的从句,强调主从句的动作同时发生或持续。①while通常表示一段时间,从句中要用持续性动词作谓语。shefellasleepwhileshewasreadingthenewspaper.②while有时可以作并列连词,表示对比,可译成……然而……。IamfondofEnglishwhilehelikesmath.\nas引导的从句中多用表示动作的动词,不用be动词,且多是短暂性或发展变化的情况,可理解为“随着”①as表示点时间时,从句中用短暂性动词;表示段时间时,用持续性动词。as和when两者经常可以通用。Thethiefwascaughtas/whenhewasstealinginthesupermarket.②as表示一边……一边……,强调从句和主句中两个动作交替进行或同步进行。Theytalkedastheywalked.③as表示随着Astimegoeson,it'sgettingwarmerandwarmer.\n表示在…之前或在…之后,before&afterTurnoffthelightbeforeyouleave.Ioftenplaycomputerafterfinishingmyhomework.表示自从,直到since&untilShehasstudiedveryhardsinceshecametoourschool.Theyworkedhardinthefielduntilitwasdark.until&till两者区别:till不能用于句首,until&till用在否定句中,表示直到…才,这个动作直到untill所表示的时候才发生。Untilyoutoldme,Ihavenoideaofit.Jimdoesn’tgotobeduntil/tillhismotherisback.表示一…就…assoonas,onceIwilltellyouassoonasIhearfromher.\nOnceyoubegin,youmustpersist..引导原因状语从句的:because,since,as,forbecause表直接原因,语气最强,用于回答why的问题,一般放在主句后,也可单独使用,强调原因必须用because引导.IstudiedathomebecauseIamtired.ItwasbecauseIwasillthatIcouldn'gotoschool.since表示的原因是大家已知,或显然的,强调说话者和听者都知道,也可译为“既然”Sinceeveryoneishere,let’sstart.\nas表示的原因为大家已知,可译为由于,从句说明原因,主语说明结果Asit’sraining,wetakeataxitogohome.for表推测的原因,句子重心在for前的分句,也可以表示对主句的看法或解释。Itisgoingtorain,forit’sgettingdark.Hemaybeill,forheisabsenttoday.\nThedaybreaks,forthebirdsaresinging.(不可用because,因为鸟叫不是天亮的原因)Hewenttobedearly,becausehewastired(直接的理由)Hemustbetired,forhewenttobedearly.(间接的推断)because和for的区别\n引导条件状语从句的连词:if,unless,aslongasif如果,表示在某种条件下某事会发生,也可以表虚拟或假设Ifyouaskhim,wewillhelpyou.IfIwereyou,Iwon’tdothat.aslongas只要Nothingisimpossibleaslongaswetry.I'dliketolendyoumydictionaryaslongasyoureturnitintime.\nunless=ifnot,表示反面条件,如果不、除非。Theywillgotomorrowunlessitrains.=(Theywillgotomorrowifitdoesn'train.)Iwon'tletyouinunlessyoushowmeyourpass.(=Iwon‘tletyouinifyoudon’tshowmeyourpass.)\n引导目的状语从句的:inorderthat,sothat1.inorderthat为了,以便Theytookataxiinorderthattheycouldsavetime.2.sothat为了,以便IgotupearlysothatIcouldcatchthefirstbus.\n引导结果状语从句的:so…that,such…that…1.so+形/副that…IamsotiredthatIcan’twalkanylonger.2.such+名/短语that…Itwassuchawarmdaythatwewentoutforawalk.\n注意:such+a/an+形容词+单数名词结构=so+形容词+a/an+单数名词结构Hetoldussuchafunnystorythatwealllaughed.→Hetoldussofunnyastorythatwealllaughed.\n六,引导让步状语从句的:although,though,eventhough,evenifalthough,though虽然,纵然,不能与but连用,但可与yet连用although较正式,不可作副词Although/thoughheisold,heisveryhealthy.though较口语,可作副词,且放在句首,句末,意主为“不过,可是”Itishardwork,Ienjoyit,though.\neventhough,evenif…即使,纵然,尽管,就算eventhough尽管,即使,Eventhoughheispoor,sheloveshim.evenif即使,纵然,含有强烈的假设性Evenifheispoor,sheloveshim.