高中英语阅读讲座(一) 94页

高中英语阅读讲座（一）主讲：宝山中学陈晓红2005-03-27\n讲座主要内容谈谈高中英语阅读1、常见题材2、常见体裁3、测试要求第一讲：阅读中的细节型试题第二讲：阅读中的生词词义猜测\n高中英语阅读常见题材天文地理、科学技术政治历史、文化教育风土人情、生活常识人物传记、新闻报道、、、\n高中英语阅读常见体裁1、记叙文2、说明文3、应用文4、议论文5、图表、、、\n高中英语阅读测试要求1、直接题事实细节文中找切莫自己凭想象2、间接题词语结构同义换生词上下文中猜\n高中英语阅读测试要求3、推理判断题事物发展合逻辑文中寓意细领会4、主旨大意题段落大意需归纳中心思想领全文\n第一讲：阅读中的细节题明确中心内容，把握辨证关系，体会作者意图，判断文章主题。细节孤立无意义，全文呼应有精彩，正确答案文中藏，错误选择怪猜想。\n细节型试题常见提问形式*Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,what,which,howmany,howoften…)*Whichofthestatementsistrue?*Whichofthestatementsisnottrue?*Whichofthestatementsisnotmentionedinthepassage?*Inthepassagethewriterstatesthat…*Whatistherightorderoftheevent?…\n细节型试题的几种解答方法1、词、句转换法不可否认，细节题在文章中一定能找到答案，但是正确选项与文中原句往往不会一模一样，命题者常以释义（paraphrase)或重述（restatement)的形式来设计题目。因此，熟记近义词及词组，熟悉句型转换是正确解答此类题的关键。\n例1：AccordingtoDr.WendyGambleoftheuniversityofArizona,kidsdon’tneedanyinstructionsinlying.Itcomesnaturallytothem.Q:Howdochildrenlearnhowtolie?A.InstructionsfromparentsB.SchooleducationC.SocialexperiencesD.Basicinstinct\nAccordingtoDr.WendyGambleoftheuniversityofArizona,kidsdon’tneedanyinstructionsinlying.Itcomesnaturallytothem.“Itisnotparentsorteachersthatteachchildrenhowtolie.”从最后一句更清楚的知道说谎是天生的，是一种本能，所以正确答案是D。“instinct”即“本能的”的意思。\nAccordingtoDr.WendyGambleoftheuniversityofArizona,kidsdon’tneedanyinstructionsinlying.Itcomesnaturallytothem.Q:Howdochildrenlearnhowtolie?A.InstructionsfromparentsB.SchooleducationC.SocialexperiencesD.Basicinstinct\n例2：Sallyarrivedearly.Asshewalkedaroundtheoldhouse,shecouldn’thelpfeelingsadbecauseofwhatwasabouttohappen.Itwasalmostayearsinceherdeargrandmotherhadpassedawayinthishouseattheageofninety-two.Thefamilyhadverymuchwantedtokeepallherthings.Unfortunately,thefamilybusinesshadfailedandleftthemwithheavydebts.Thebanknowforcedthemtohaveanauctionsaletorepaytheirdebts.Theauctionwastobeheldtoday.\nQ:WhydidSallyfeelsadwhenshecametotheoldhouse?A:Becausehergrandmotherhaddied.B:Becauseherfamilywereinheavydebts.C:Becausesheknewshecouldpayforthequilt.D:Becauseherfamilyhadtosellhergrandma’sbelongings.\nSallyarrivedearly.Asshewalkedaroundtheoldhouse,shecouldn’thelpfeelingsadbecauseofwhatwasabouttohappen.Itwasalmostayearsinceherdeargrandmotherhadpassedawayinthishouseattheageofninety-two.Thefamilyhadverymuchwantedtokeepallherthings.Unfortunately,thefamilybusinesshadfailedandleftthemwithheavydebts.Thebanknowforcedthemtohaveanauctionsaletorepaytheirdebts.Theauctionwastobeheldtoday.\nSally’sgrandmotherhadpassedawayandsheleftallherbelongings.Sally’sfamily’sbusinesshadfailedandtheywereinheavydebts.TheyhadnochoicebuttosellwhatSally’sgrandmahadlefttowhoeverofferedthemostmoneyforit.anauctionsell=sellingsomethingtoapersonwhooffersthemostmoneyforit.Sallyfeltverysad.\nQ:WhydidSallyfeelsadwhenshecametotheoldhouse?A:Becausehergrandmotherhaddied.B:Becauseherfamilywereinheavydebts.C:Becausesheknewshecouldpayforthequilt.D:Becauseherfamilyhadtosellhergrandma’sbelongings.\n2、排除式结构仔细阅读4个选项，带着选项的内容再去阅读短文。一旦遇到与选项相似的信息，马上在这些信息下划线作为排除的内容。排除3项与原文有关的内容后，所剩选项的内容确定在原文中找不到相应信息，即是正确答案。\n常见的排除式结构的提问方式：1.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueexceptthat…2.Inthepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?3.Whatisnotmentionedinthepassage?4.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat……\n例3：EveryAugustontheislandofHeimaey,offthesoutherncoastofIceland,youngpeopleoftentakeawalkalongthestreetsthroughoutthenight.What’smore,theirparentsallowthemtostayout.Why?ThechildrenofHeimaeyaregoingtosaveyoungpuffins—smallblackandwhiteseabirds.\nThecliffsabovethetownarehometoalargegroupofpuffins.Thebirdsdigholesallaroundthecliffs.Theseholesaretheirhomes.Theyoungbirdsstayintheholesforaboutsevenweeks.Thentheybegintoleave.SomemoveslowlyontheirundevelopedwingsandfeetdowntothenorthernAtlanticOceanthatsurroundHeimaey.There,theyswim,whichtheycandonaturally,andlearntodiveforfish.Others,however,maylosetheirwayatnightandfindthemselvesinthetowninstead.Ontheground,theyoungseabirdsareintrouble.Becausetheirwingsarenotfullydeveloped,theycannottakeoffquicklytoseaandsafety.Thebirdsthenbecomeagoodmealforcatsandotheranimals.\nFormanyyears,islandershavehelpedtheyoungpuffins.EarlyatnightinthelateAugust,childrencarryingthickpaperboxesandlightshurrytotheseashoretocatchpuffins.Theyspendmostofthenightrunningafterthebirds.Theyputthebirdsthey’vecaughtinboxesandtakegoodcareofthem.Thenextmorningthechildrentakethepuffinstotheoceanandsetthemfree.Thebirdswillliveatseauntiltheyareatleasttwoyearsold.Thentheywillreturntothecliffstobuildhomesoftheirownfortheirfamilies.WillthechildrenofHeimaeyalwayscometosavepuffins?“Yes,”answertheboys.“Welookforwardtoit.Thebesttimeforusissettingthebirdsfree.”\nQ:Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisnottrue?A.Onceinayearthechildrenareallowedtostayouttohaveagoodtimewithbirds,cats,andanimals.B.Theearliesthomefortheyoungpuffinsisinthecliffs,notinthesandsofbeaches.C.Someyoungpuffinsmaketheirwaydowntotheoceanwhentheyareaboutsevenweeksold.D.Theyoungbirdsthatgettotheseawillstaythereforatleasttwoyears.\nThecliffsabovethetownarehometoalargegroupofpuffins.Thebirdsdigholesallaroundthecliffs.Theseholesaretheirhomes.Theyoungbirdsstayintheholesforaboutsevenweeks.Thentheybegintoleave.SomemoveslowlyontheirundevelopedwingsandfeetdowntothenorthernAtlanticOceanthatsurroundHeimaey.\nThere,theyswim,whichtheycandonaturally,andlearntodiveforfish.Others,however,maylosetheirwayatnightandfindthemselvesinthetowninstead.Ontheground,theyoungseabirdsareintrouble.Becausetheirwingsarenotfullydeveloped,theycannottakeoffquicklytoseaandsafety.Thebirdsthenbecomeagoodmealforcatsandotheranimals.\nThenextmorningthechildrentakethepuffinstotheoceanandsetthemfree.Thebirdswillliveatseauntiltheyareatleasttwoyearsold.Thentheywillreturntothecliffstobuildhomesoftheirownfortheirfamilies.WillthechildrenofHeimaeyalwayscometosavepuffins?“Yes,”answertheboys.“Welookforwardtoit.Thebesttimeforusissettingthebirdsfree.”\nQ:Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisnottrue?A.Onceinayearthechildrenareallowedtostayouttohaveagoodtimewithbirds,cats,andanimals.B.Theearliesthomefortheyoungpuffinsisinthecliffs,notinthesandsofbeaches.C.Someyoungpuffinsmaketheirwaydowntotheoceanwhentheyareaboutsevenweeksold.D.Theyoungbirdsthatgettotheseawillstaythereforatleasttwoyears.\n例4：Inthepast200years,Australiahaslost19speciesofanimalsand76speciesofplants.TheAustralianNationalParksandWildlifeServiceestimatesthatbetween100and250millionspeciesofanimalsandplantshavelivedonEarthsincelifebeganabout3.5millionyearsago.Today,thereare5and10millionspecies,ofwhichupto1millionspeciescouldbeextinctbytheyear2000.\nThefirstspeciestodisappearaftertheEuropeanarrivalinAustraliawerethelesserstick-nestrat,thebig-earedhoppingmouseandtheDarlingDownshopping-mouse.Thisoccurredinabout1840.Todaythecouncilofstateandfederalministersresponsibleforconservationhasproducedalistofcurrentlyendangeredfauna,whichincludesarangeofbettors,wallabies,andthenumbest.Threespeciesofwhale,variousbirds,anumberoffrogs,snakesandfisharealsoonthelist.\nButthereissomecauseforoptimism.Severalspeciespreviouslybelievedextincthavereappearedinrecentyears.Recently,surveypartiesinremoteareashaveevenfoundnewspeciesofmarsupials,andreptilespeciesareregularlydiscovered.Thiscouldmeanthatother“extinct”speciesmayyetsurface—eventheTasmaniantiger,whichsomeauthoritiesbelievestillexistintheremoteregionsofTasmania.\nQ:Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?A.Duringthepasttwocenturies,19speciesof　　　animalshavedisappearedinAustralia.B.LifeonEarthisabout3.5millionyearsold.C.Atleast250millionspeciesofanimalsand　　　plantscouldliveonearth.D.Bytheendof2000about1millionspecies　　　couldbecomeextinct.\nInthepast200years,Australiahaslost19speciesofanimalsand76speciesofplants.TheAustralianNationalParksandWildlifeServiceestimatesthatbetween100and250millionspeciesofanimalsandplantshavelivedonEarthsincelifebeganabout3.5millionyearsago.Today,thereare5and10millionspecies,ofwhichupto1millionspeciescouldbeextinctbytheyear2000.\nQ:Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?A.Duringthepasttwohundredcenturies,19　　　　speciesofanimalshavedisappeared　　　　inAustralia.B.LifeonEarthisabout3.5millionyearsold.C.Atleast250millionspeciesofanimalsandplantscouldliveonEarth.D.Bytheendof2000,about1millionspeciescouldbecomeextinct.\n3、长句结构法为提高试题难度，命题人就“事实与细节”命题时，经常针对句子结构比较复杂的长句来设计问题。在面对这种题设时，学生应首先找出原文中长句的主干成分：主、谓、宾；分清次要成分，如：定语、状语、插入语等，然后对照选项来进行选择，判断该问题加上正确选项能否准确地表达原句的信息值。\n例5：TwentystudentshadjustclimbedtheirwaytothetoprungoutoffourmillionstudentstakingpartintheFifthNationalHuaLuogengGoldCupMathematicsContestonTuesdayeveningatJintanCounty,JiangsuProvince.\nQ:Thisnewsstoryismainlyabout_____.A.WhentheconteststartedB.HowthecontestgotitsnameC.The20pupilswhohavewongoldmedalsinthecontestD.TheFifthNationalHuaLuogengGoldCupMathematicsContest.\n通过分析细节的办法来理解第一句话的语法结构，再联系全文，问题也就迎刃而解了。TwentystudentshadjustclimbedtheirwaytothetoprungoutoffourmillionstudentstakingpartintheFifthNationalHuaLuogengGoldCupMathematicsContestonTuesdayeveningatJintanCounty,JiangsuProvince.\n首先，全句可缩略成：“Theyclimbedtheirwaytothetoprung.”细节部分如下：Howmany:twentyoutoffourmillionWhatthing:theFifthNationalHuaLuogengGoldCupMathematicsContestDoingwhat:takingpartinthe…contestWhen:TuesdayeveningWhere:JintanCounty,JiangsuProvince\nQ:Thisnewsstoryismainlyabout_____.A.WhentheconteststartedB.HowthecontestgotitsnameC.The20pupilswhohavewongoldmedalsinthecontestD.TheFifthNationalHuaLuogengGoldCupMathematicsContest.\n例6：KenRobertsfoundoutthatKitWilliamshadspenthischildhoodnearAmpthillinBedfordshireandthoughthemusthaveburiedthegoldhareinaplaceheknewwellbuthestillcouldnotseetheconnectionwithKatherineofAragon,thefirstofHenryVIII’ssixwives,untilonedayhecameacrosstwostonecrossesinAmpthillParkandlearntthattheyhadbeenbuiltinherhonorin1773.\nQ:ThestonecrossesinAmpthillwerebuilt　　　___A.totellaboutwhathappenedin1773B.toshowrespectforHenryVIII’sfirst　　　　wifeC.toserveasaroadsigninAmpthillParkD.toinformpeoplewherethegoldhare　　　　was\nKenRobertsfoundoutthatKitWilliamshadspenthisSV（宾语从句）OchildhoodnearAmpthillinBedfordshireandthoughtVthathemusthaveburiedthegoldhareinaplaceheknew（宾语从句）O（定语从句）wellbuthestillcouldnotseetheconnectionwithKatherineSV（宾语从句）OofAragon,thefirstofHenryVIII’ssixwives,untiloneday（同位语）AhecameacrosstwostonecrossesinAmpthillParkandlearntthattheyhadbeenbuiltinherhonorin1773.（时间状语从句）\n通过正确分析句子结构可以正确理解句子大意KenRoberts发现KitWilliams曾在Bedfordshire的Ampthill度过了自己的童年，并以为他必定是把他的金兔藏在了一个他很熟悉的地方，但Ken仍然不明白这和Aragon的Katherine有什么关系？直到有一天他偶尔在Ampthill公园看到两个石制的十字架，才得知它们是于1773年为纪念Katherine而建造的。\nKenRobertsfoundoutthatKitWilliamshadspenthischildhoodnearAmpthillinBedfordshireandthoughthemusthaveburiedthegoldhareinaplaceheknewwellbuthestillcouldnotseetheconnectionwithKatherineofAragon,thefirstofHenryVIII’ssixwives,untilonedayhecameacrosstwostonecrossesinAmpthillParkandlearntthattheyhadbeenbuiltinherhonorin1773.\nQ:ThestonecrossesinAmpthillwerebuilt　　___A.totellaboutwhathappenedin1773B.toshowrespectforHenryVIII’s　　　　　firstwifeC.toserveasaroadsigninAmpthillParkD.toinformpeoplewherethegold　　　　　harewas\n4、查阅法学生从文中获得所需信息，有时不需要阅读整篇文章，而只需找出能包含所需信息的那部分，然后加以仔细阅读就行。查阅过程中应注意文章的结构及顺序排列。弄清文章的排列顺序能帮助学生在回答细节问题时做到高效省时，准确无误，所以学生必须掌握扫读的本领，在最短的时间内找到所需的答案。\n查阅法典型题型1、数据推算题要求学生按文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单的计算和推算。*要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息的含义。*弄清众多信息中哪些属于有用信息，哪些属于干扰信息。*不要孤立看待数字信息，而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。\n例7：Thefilm“Titanic”received14nominationsforthe70thAcademyAwardanditisnottheonlyonethathasbeengivensuchanhonor.Thefollowingisalistoffilmsreceiving12ormoreAcademyAwardnominationsandthenumberofOscarstheyendedupwinning:\n“Titanic”(1997),14nominations,11awards.“AllAboutEve”(1950),14nominations,6awards.“GonewiththeWind”(1939),13nominations,8awards.“MaryPoppins”(1964),13nominations,5awards.“Who’sAfraidofVirginiaWoolf”(1966),13nominations,5awards.\n“ForestGump”(1994),13nominations,6awards.“OntheWaterfront”(1954),12nominations,8awards.“Ben-Hue”(1959),12nominations,11awards.“MyFairLady”(1964),12nominations,8awards.“DanceswithWolves”(1990),12nominations,7awards.“Schindler’sList”(1993),12nominations,7awards.“TheEnglishPatient”(1996),12nominations,12awards.\nQ1:Fromthispassage,welearnthattheAcademyAwardcameintobeingin___.A.1928B.1919C.1927D.1898Thefilm“Titanic”received14nominationsforthe70thAcademyAwardanditisnottheonlyonethathasbeengivensuchanhonor.Thefollowingisalistoffilmsreceiving12ormoreAcademyAwardnominationsandthenumberofOscarstheyendedupwinning:“Titanic”(1997),14nominations,11awards.1997年的“Titanic”是70届，1997—70=1927，由此得出结论该奖项从1927年开始。所以“C”是正确答案。\nQ2:Thelistshowsthat___.A.“Titanic”receivesmoreawardsthananyotherfilm.B.“ForestGump”receivesthefewest　　　　　awards.C.“Ben=Hur”musthavebeenvery　　　　　　successful.D.Thenominationsareunfair.\n“Titanic”(1997),14nominations,11awards.“AllAboutEve”(1950),14nominations,6awards.“GonewiththeWind”(1939),13nominations,8awards.“MaryPoppins”(1964),13nominations,5awards.“Who’sAfraidofVirginiaWoolf”(1966),13nominations,5awards.\n“ForestGump”(1994),13nominations,6awards.“OntheWaterfront”(1954),12nominations,8awards.“Ben-Hue”(1959),12nominations,11awards.“MyFairLady”(1964),12nominations,8awards.“DanceswithWolves”(1990),12nominations,7awards.“Schindler’sList”(1993),12nominations,7awards.“TheEnglishPatient”(1996),12nominations,12awards.\nQ2:Thelistshowsthat___.A.“Titanic”receivesmoreawardsthananyotherfilm.B.“ForestGump”receivesthefewest　　　　　　awards.C.“Ben=Hur”musthavebeenvery　　　　　　　successful.D.Thenominationsareunfair.\n2、图、表解意题要求学生通过图表、插图等信息，对文字作进一步的理解。把文章与图示结合起来，图文互相参照，互相验证。\n例8：“Haveapartyathomeusuallyrequiresalotofrunningaroundonthepartoftheparents,andoftenthebirthdayboyorgirlgetslostinwildexcitement.Butitreallydoesn’thavetobethatway,”saidAnaclerio.Lastsummer,AnaclerioandherfriendJillCarlisle,aNorthbrookmotherofa2-year-old,foundedahomeparty-planningbusinesscalled“APartyinabasket.”Theirgoalistohelpparentsandchildrenshareinthefunpartofpartyplanning,likechoosingthesubjectormakingacake,whiletheytakecareofeverything.\nDrawingontheirexperiencesasmothers,theyhavecreated10ready-to-use,homepartypackages.Everythingafamilyneedstoplanaparty,exceptthecakeandicecream,isdeliveredtothehomeinalargebasket.“Ourpartiesareaimedforchildren2to10,”Anacleriosaid,“andthey’reveryinteractiveandcreativeinthattheybuildasenseofdramabasedonasubject.Forexample,attheSodaShoppepartytheguestsbecomewaitersandwaitressesandbuildwonderfulicecreamcreations.…\nQ:Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytobe　　apartyplanner?\n“Haveapartyathomeusuallyrequiresalotofrunningaroundonthepartoftheparents,andoftenthebirthdayboyorgirlgetslostinwildexcitement.Butitreallydoesn’thavetobethatway,”saidAnaclerio.Lastsummer,AnaclerioandherfriendJillCarlisle,aNorthbrookmotherofa2-year-old,foundedahomeparty-planningbusinesscalled“APartyinabasket.”Theirgoalistohelpparentsandchildrenshareinthefunpartofpartyplanning,likechoosingthesubjectormakingacake,whiletheytakecareofeverything.\nDrawingontheirexperiencesasmothers,theyhavecreated10ready-to-use,homepartypackages.Everythingafamilyneedstoplanaparty,exceptthecakeandicecream,isdeliveredtothehomeinalargebasket.“Ourpartiesareaimedforchildren2to10,”Anacleriosaid,“andthey’reveryinteractiveandcreativeinthattheybuildasenseofdramabasedonasubject.Forexample,attheSodaShoppepartytheguestsbecomewaitersandwaitressesandbuildwonderfulicecreamcreations.\nQ:Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytobeapartyplanner?(A)\nThankyouSeeyoulater\n第二讲：阅读中的生词词义猜测上下文中词义猜，解释说明前后找；近反义词不错过，构词方法记心间；因果比较关系多，句法功能齐参与。\n1、上下文为线索猜测词义一个单词在句中并非是孤立的成分，它同句中的其他单词有着密切的关系，即上下文线索，理解单词、词组、句子的意思，一定要结合上下文来领会其深层含义，在这过程中尤其要注意一词多义的现象。\n例9：Socialsupportcushionsstressinanumberofways.First,friends,relatives,andco-workersmayletusknowthattheyvalueus.Ourself-respectisstrengthenedwhenwefeelacceptedbyothersdespiteourfaultsanddifficulties.Second,otherpeopleoftenprovideuswithinformationalsupport.Theyhelpustodefineandunderstandourproblemsandfindsolutionstothem.Third,wetypicallyfindsocialcompanionshipsupportive.Engaginginleisure-timeactivitieswithothershelpsustomeetoursocialneedswhileatthesametimedistractingusfromourworriesandtroubles.Finally,otherpeoplemaygiveusinstructionalsupport-financialaid,materialresources,andneededservices—thatreducestressbyhelpingusresolveandcopewithourproblems.\nQ:Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“cushions”?A.LaysthefoundationforB.LessenstheeffectofC.AddsuptoD.Doesawaywith\nSocialsupportcushionsstressinanumberofways.First,friends,relatives,andco-workersmayletusknowthattheyvalueus.Ourself-respectisstrengthenedwhenwefeelacceptedbyothersdespiteourfaultsanddifficulties.Second,otherpeopleoftenprovideuswithinformationalsupport.Theyhelpustodefineandunderstandourproblemsandfindsolutionstothem.Third,wetypicallyfindsocialcompanionshipsupportive.Engaginginleisure-timeactivitieswithothershelpsustomeetoursocialneedswhileatthesametimedistractingusfromourworriesandtroubles.Finally,otherpeoplemaygiveusinstructionalsupport-financialaid,materialresources,andneededservices—thatreducestressbyhelpingusresolveandcopewithourproblems.\nQ:Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“cushions”?A.LaysthefoundationforB.LessenstheeffectofC.AddsuptoD.Doesawaywith考虑一下结构，就会发现这是一段很典型的总分结构的说明法，先提出观点：socialsupportcushionsstress,再first,second,third,finally分层次说明，到最后一句终于露出真面目：supportthatreducesstressby…,于是，我们就可以得出：cushionstress=reducestress而reduces=lessenstheeffectof\n2、解释、说明为线索猜测词义有时作者对文中出现的一些较难理解的词，往往会做进一步的解释、说明我们可以以此为线索来猜测词义。有时还可以通过同位关系来猜测词义。\n例10:Maryplayedadualroleintheparty.Inthefirstactshewasamiddle-schoolstudent,andinthesecondactshewasanoldwoman.Q:Whatisthemeaningoftheword“dual”here?\nMaryplayedadualroleintheparty.Inthefirstactshewasamiddle-schoolstudent,andinthesecondactshewasanoldwoman.Q:Whatisthemeaningoftheword“dual”here?通过后两个句子的说明，不难猜到该词的意思是“双重的”。\n例11：Therearethreekindsofsnow.Oneisafluffysnowthatissomewhatdryandfeathery.Anotherkindisdampandstickstogether.Thereisalsoalightpowderysnowthatlookslikeflour.Q:Themeaningoftheword“fluffy”is____.\nTherearethreekindsofsnow.Oneisafluffysnowthatissomewhatdryandfeathery.Anotherkindisdampandstickstogether.Thereisalsoalightpowderysnowthatlookslikeflour.Q:Themeaningoftheword“fluffy”is____.从fluffysnow后的定语从句可以得知：“fluffy”的意思是：“像羽毛般的”\n例12：AlexanderGrahamBellwasbornin1847inEdinburgh,Scotland.Hisfatherwasanexpertinphonetics,thestudyofthesoundsoflanguage.Q:Whatis“phonetics”____?通过该词后面的同为语就可以推测出：phonetics是指“语言学”。解释和说明的信号词常有：is,are,is(are)called,mean,referto,knownas,thatistosay,inotherwords,namely…\n3、近反义词为线索猜测词义有时作者为了说明相反或相同的人或事，经常会使用一些反义词来进行对比或使用同义词来避免重复，我们可以通过这种正反关系的对比来猜测词义。\n例13：Theexhaustedmanwassotiredthathecouldnotmoveanotherstep.从“so…that…”的句型知道：他是如此累以致于不能再挪动脚步了。推测出：“exhausted”（近义词）是“tired”;“exhausted”即：“筋疲力尽”的意思\n例14：Unlikehisgrandpa,whowasquitefriendlyandloveable,Micheal’sgrandfatherwasquitestandoffish.friendlyandloveable（反义词）standoffish;Standoffish即：“冷淡的”\n例15：Hehadbeengettingbetter,butduringthenighthisconditiondeteriorated.getbetter（反义词）deteriorated;deteriorated即：“恶化”\n例16：Hisfatherdespiseshim,whilehismotherloveshimverymuch.despise（反义词）lovedespise即：“厌恶”，“不喜欢”\n4、因果关系猜测词义当生词出现在含有因果关系的句子中，可通过这种关系，结合自身的生活经验或一般常识，对生词进行猜测。\n例17：Allthehousesinthecitycollapsedduringtheearthquake.“earthquake”这一原因得知倒塌“collapse”这一结果\n例18：Hepouredabasinofwateronthefire,whichwasextinguishedimmediately.因为泼了水，所以火被extinguished“熄灭”\n5、构词法猜测词义遇到陌生的词或短语时，应注意前缀、后缀和词根，以此来猜测词义。\n例19：Thirtyyearsago,ifacrimewascommitted,societywasconsideredthevictim.Now,inashockingreversal,it’sthecriminalwhoisconsideredvictimized.Inthesentence,theword“victimized”means_____.A.toberesponsibleB.tosufferunfairlyC.tobecriticizedD.tobethecauseofthecrime\n“victim”是“受害者”的意思，-ize是“使…化，使成为”的动词后缀，结合起来看，“victimize”是“成了受害者或牺牲品的意思”Inthesentence,theword“victimized”means_____.A.toberesponsibleB.tosufferunfairlyC.tobecriticizedD.tobethecauseofthecrime\n例20：Finally,renewableenergysourcesareusedeventhoughtheyareoftenexpensivetodevelop.Oneformoftheseisgeothermalenergy.Incertainpartsoftheworldthetemperatureoftheearthincreasesthirtydegreescentigradewitheachkilometerdown.Atsixkilometers,therefore,itrisestonearlytwohundreddegrees.Togettheheat,waterispumpeddownintotherocksandbackuptothesurface.Heatfromtheearthisalreadyusedincertaincountries.\nTheunderlinedwords“geothermalenergy”inthepassagemean_____.A.renewablesourceB.undergroundsourceC.heatinsidetheearthD.temperatureoftheearth\n“geothermal”是个生词，但它有一个典型的英语术语前缀，即geo-（地球，大地）。在高考英语词汇手册中有geography（地理）和geology（地质学）这两个词。常见的还有：geochemistry（地球化学），geodynamics（地球动力学），geophysics（地球物理学），等等。\nFinally,renewableenergysourcesareusedeventhoughtheyareoftenexpensivetodevelop.Oneformoftheseisgeothermalenergy.Incertainpartsoftheworldthetemperatureoftheearthincreasesthirtydegreescentigradewitheachkilometerdown.Atsixkilometers,therefore,itrisestonearlytwohundreddegrees.Togettheheat,waterispumpeddownintotherocksandbackuptothesurface.Heatfromtheearthisalreadyusedincertaincountries.\n这个词与地球、地质有关。而且下文又介绍说，在地球上的某些地方每深入地下1公里，地温就升高30度。在结尾处，作者还说，地热在有些国家已得到了利用。由此可见，geothermalenergy是一种产自地下的热能。A.renewablesourceB.undergroundsourceC.heatinsidetheearthD.temperatureoftheearth\nExEveryoneknowsthatcollegestudentsdrinkwineinparttoescapethepressureofstudying.Drinkingisagoodwaytoforgetaboutchemistryorcompositionforawhile,right?Well,thisgeneralizationmaynotbetrue.Drs.ElizabethParkerandRonaldAlkanaranexperimentsshowingthatethanol—purebooze—mightaidmemoryifitistakeninmoderateamountsimmediatelyafterlearningsomething.Atleastthatiswhatseemstohavehappenedwithdrinkingmice:theyrememberedanelectricshockforanaverageof110secondslongerthantheirsoberfriends.Soifalcoholaffectshumanbeingsasitdoesmice,wemayonedaybedrinkingtorememberratherthantoforget.Asisusedinthepassage,theword“sober”canbedescribedas____.A.drunkB.notdrunkC.awakeD.sleepy\nEveryoneknowsthatcollegestudentsdrinkwineinparttoescapethepressureofstudying.Drinkingisagoodwaytoforgetaboutchemistryorcompositionforawhile,right?Well,thisgeneralizationmaynotbetrue.Drs.ElizabethParkerandRonaldAlkanaranexperimentsshowingthatethanol—purebooze—mightaidmemoryifitistakeninmoderateamountsimmediatelyafterlearningsomething.Atleastthatiswhatseemstohavehappenedwithdrinkingmice:theyrememberedanelectricshockforanaverageof110secondslongerthantheirsoberfriends.Soifalcoholaffectshumanbeingsasitdoesmice,wemayonedaybedrinkingtorememberratherthantoforget.Asisusedinthepassage,theword“sober”canbedescribedas____.A.drunkB.notdrunkC.awakeD.sleepy\nThankYouGoodBye