高中英语听力训练 52页

高中英语听力训练指一、听力测试的目的和要求二、命题原则和要求三、听力测试的题型四、听力试题的考点五、试卷分析及答题技巧试卷分析及答题技巧六、听力训练策略七、听力试题的命制八、听力课的备课及探讨九、English测试中有关听力测试的内容十、掌握其他听力试题题型，进行有效梯度训练。\n1、听力理解能力是人们语言交际能力的一个重要组成部分。2、我省已决定在2001年高考英语科考试中增加听力理解的考试。这有助于高校选拔具有更强交际能力的学生。3、加试听力反映了高考命题重视交际的倾向，集中体现了英语语言的学习实质是交际的正确论断。因此必须认真研究广东和全国加试听力的英语试题，探索切实可行的复习备课策略，提高英语教学的效果和成绩。一、听力测试的目的和要求\n二、命题原则和要求NMET听力理解题要求考生听懂有关日常生活、文化教育、风土人情、传说、时事、人物、科普等的简短对话或独白；掌握所听材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节；能理解具体事实和表面意思，也能初步理解深层的含义，并能根据所听材料进行简单的推理，如推测对话或讲话的时间、地点，讲话人的身份、关系及态度等等。听力测试题的能力考察：（1）领略要义的能力（2）获取详细的事实性信息的能力（3）对谈话背景进行推断的能力（4）理解说话者意图的能力\n1999年和2000年的试题都分两节，第一节是五个较短的对话，每个对话只有几句，只听一道，考生要在10秒时间内回答5题和阅读完下一个题目。第二节的对话与独白播放两次，每小题有5秒钟时间让考生阅读问题，听后有5秒钟时间做题。三、听力测试的题型听力的主要题型：1．选择式听力题2．复述式听力题3．论述式听力题4．判断式听力题5．问答式听力题\n例二中的有些关键词可以帮助我们找到问题的答案，比如：food，restaurant,enjoy等。在例三中也是同样道理：通过对关键词的判断，我们可以比较容易地辨别出说话者的身份或说话者所在的语境。此外，说话者的语气也往往是我们作出正确判断的根据。明确了考题出现的形式可以使我们做到有的放矢，找到解题的方法。\n听力试题主要有以下四类考点：1．考查对特殊信息的理解2．考查对特殊细节的理解3．考查对主旨和大意的理解4．考查对说话者的思想倾向和感情等隐含内容的理解四、听力试题的考点按NMET听力理解命题的原则和要求，考题可以考查谈话本身的内容，也可以问及谈话能力推断的情况以及谈话的情景和语境。以下举例说明。1.问谈话本身的考题例一\n(录音)M：Couldyoutellmewherethecinemais?w：Sure．It’snotfar．JustbesidetheKing'srestaurantoverthere.(问题)Whereisthecinema?A．Farawayfromtheplace.B．NeartheKing'srestaurant.C．Closetothebusstop.．答案是B。上面的例子表明，考查谈话本身的内容，既可以考查对话(或讲话)的某一细节，也可以考查对谈话中心的理解。例一：\n2．考查从谈话中推断情况的考题(录音)w：Howdoyouthinkofthefoodinourretaurant?M：Oh，wonderful.It'squitealongtimesinceIenjoyedmyselfsomuch.W：I'mveryhappythatyouenjoyedit.(问题)Whatistherelationbetweenthetwospeakers?A．Doctorandpatient．B．teacherandstudent．C．waitressandcustomer．答案是C(语气判断人物角色关系)。例二：\n(录音)W：Idon'tfeelwell.M;What'sthetrouble?W:I'vegotapaininmystomachandaterribleheadache.M:Anyenough?W:No.M:Now,letmetakeyourtemperature.(问题)1.Whereprobablyarethetwospeakers?A.Inaclassroom.B.Inawaitingroom.C.Atthedoctor's答案是C（根据对话内容判定语境）。(问题)2.Whichpart(s)ofthebodydoesthewomanfeelpainful?A．Stomachandhead．B．Stomachandleg.C．Armandleg．答案是A（信息直接判定）。例三：\n1WhendidTomleavethepark?(时间点)HowlonghadthemanbeeninAustralia?(时间段)HowofendoesSuegocochecinema?(频率)Wheredotheywanttogonextweek?(地点)wheredidtheconversationtakeplace?(场所)Wholosttherecorder?(人物)Whatmightbetherelationshipbetweenthem.(人物关系)Whydidtheboynotwanttoeatanything?(原因)Howwillthemangothere?(方式手段)Whoseisthisshirt?(所属)Howmanystudentshavepassedthetest?(数量)Howmuchdidthemanpayforhiscar?(价格)Whichstory-bookismoreinteresting?(比较)Whichroomisthebestone?(筛选)Whatsowelearnfromtheconversation?(推测)\n2要求考生能听懂录音中的某个特殊细节。比如：发生了什么事?如何发生的?发生了什么变化?怎么变化的?这类问题的选项往往不是单词，而是句子，需要考生对由句子构成的选项作出判断。例如：IsMrzhangintheclassroomnow?Whatdoesthewomanwanthertoboytodo?HowwillJacksolvethisproblem?Whatcanwelearnfromthespeakers?\n3要求考生听懂录音的主要内容或主旨大意。比如：录音谈的是哪方面的事?大概情况是什么?这类听力试题不要求考生精确理解具体细节，而是要求考生对听到的内容有一个整体的把握和全面的领会。例如：Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?\n4要求考生能体会出说话者的思想感情，并据此进行推理或判断。例如：DoesRoseagreewiththeman?Whatdoesthegirlthinkabouttheteacher?Whatdoesthewomanmean?\n1．带着问题去听。2.注意暗示重点的信号词（亦称承接词）。3．做好笔记,提高记忆效果。4．按部就班，控制好答题节奏。五、试卷分析及答题技巧\n在做听力题时，应试者应在听到每题的录音之前，快速浏览题目，确定听音的重点，抓住问题的中心，在听的时候做到有的放矢。例如Woman:Iliketheseglasses,buttheylookliketheywouldbequiteexpensive.Man:Thereare$15apiece,or$180adozen.Question:Howmuchdoesoneglasscost?Written:A.$180B:$150C:$50D:$15\n如and,so,but,asaresult,however,or,othervise,while,since,finally,next,inconclusion等。这些信号词表示说话人的思路、时间和空间、举例和例证、对照和比较、引申和分析、推论和总结等逻辑关系。\n特别要记下对话和短文中的地址、年月日、年龄、价格、数字等。可以容记词首字母或打一个记号的方式来记，也可按照时间顺序、意思的主次、选文的篇章结构来加强记忆材料的内容。\n既要保证完成答案，又要留出一点间浏览一下下一道题的问题。如果考生某一题没听清楚，一下子确定不了答案，应该马上放弃上一题，集中精力应对下一题。这需要加强考前训练，逐步控制好答题时间\n一）以精听为主，加强准确性训练二）适当加强课后泛听训练1．注重材料的真实性、时代性、趣味性2．注重听力材料与教材的衔接与呼应，避免偏颇性。3．分析听力测试难度的五大因素，适当提高泛听材料的难度决定听力测试难度的五大因素为：语速、播放次数、长度、录音内容的难度和题量。4.视听与泛听训练想结合。六、听力训练策略\n1．题目的重心应是考查考生理解和捕捉信息的能力，而不是语法或词汇的掌握情况。2．避免出现考生在末听懂录音内容的情况下，根据自然规律、科学知识、生活常识或人之常情就能正确作答的题目。3.考查点应具有多样性和全面性。4．问题涉及的内容在听力录音里的分布应均匀。5．各个题目之间要彼此独立，互不相关，互不提示。6．要避免命制过分依靠其它学科的知识或技能才能正确作答的题目。7．题干和选项应尽可能简短。8．题干宜采用提问的形式而不应采用填空的形式。9．各个选项间应具有相似性。10．每个干扰项都应有迷惑性和非正确性。11．正确项应具有正确性和唯一性。七、听力试题的命制听力试题的命制包括两个步骤：一是听力录音材料的选定；二是问题和选项的编制。\n目前，英语教师面临的重要课题是如何专门备好一堂听力课，以加大对学生听力训练的力度，从而进一步达到大纲对学生学习英语的教学和考试的基本要求。教师要按大纲的各项基本要求结合具体内容和教学对象的实际，不断钻研，改革和创新教学方法，更好地提高听力课质量。备课充分则事半功倍，学生变厌听为乐听；反之，教学将变为“听音+对答案”的乏味过程。一）备学生二）备教材三）备方法四）备设备八、听力课的备课及探讨\n备教材1．教材的每一单元都有其主题，练习也分别有重单一技能和综合技能的训练。单一技能包含在数字、基本句型，选择录音中所谈论的subjects等。语篇水平上的综合技能训练包括听关键词，听要点，求主题，作判断，进行推理，做笔记等。2．对录音资料中语调、重音、哭声、咳嗽以及背景噪音等要仔细倾听，领会暗示，启发学生作出正确判断。3．教师对本校本班学生的听力状况要有准确的估量。如果统编教材本单元的听力材料语速太快，难度较大，绝大多数学生听起吃力，不妨使用其他更适合的同步材料。4.除听力课外，教师在平时的英语课堂上也要尽可能地进行听力口语训练，如：听课文录音，听写句子和短文等。\n一）总论二）语音辨别测试类型1（a）（b）类型2类型3（a）（b）（c）三）重读和语调测试类型1类型2四）说明和对话理解测试类型1类型2五）通过看图测试听力理解水平类型1类型2类型3类型4类型5类型6类型7类型8类型9六）谈论和讲演听力理解类型1类型2类型3类型4注释和参考九、English测试中有关听力测试的内容\n语音T1a看图听四个单词，写出所给图形名称的选项。录音：1.A.pinB.penC.pairD.pain2.A.sharkB.sockC.sackD.shock3.A.thinB.tinC.finD.din1._______2._________3._________ABC\n语音T1b给出四图A、B、C、D，听一个单词，说明是哪个图形1.___________2.___________1.pain–pain2.sock-sockDB\n语音T2考生听到三句话，要求说明哪些句子是相同、哪些句子是相异的.1.A.Thereisabendinthemiddleoftheroad.B.Thereisabendinthemiddleoftheroad.C.Thereisabandinthemiddleoftheroad.2.A.Isthatsheetoverthereclean?B.Isthatseatoverthereclean?C.Isthatseatoverthereclean?3.A.I’vejustlockedthecarinthegarage.B.I’vejustknockedthecarinthegarage.C.I’vejustlockedthecarinthegarage.\n语音T3a在答卷上提供的A、B、C、D四个单词中，考生标出哪个是磁带上读出的。1.A.tenB.denC.BenD.pen1.录音:denB1.______2.A.whenB.oneC.waneD.win2.录音：win2.______D\n语音T3b在答卷上或录音中提供的A、B、C、D四个单词中，考生标出所听到的句子中出现的单词。1.A.threadB.readC.threatD.dread1._________2.A.drainB.chainC.planeD.train2._________3.A.panB.penC.pinD.pain3._________1.I’llthreaditforyou.2.DidJohnmanagetocatchthetrain?3.Putthepaninsomehotwater.ADA\n语音T3c在答卷上提供的A、B、C、D四个单词的解释、定义中，考生标出所听单词的注释选项。1.A.madesomethingthrowtheairB.notfalseC.somebutnotmanyD.madeapictureordiagramonpaper1.录音：threw–threw√\n重读和语调测试T1在答卷上提供的一句话的下面的括号中，根据录音中所读语音和语调标出重读的单词。\n重读和语调测试T2在答卷上提供的一句话的下面，有A、B、C三个不同的语气选项，根据录音中的语调或语气，作出选择。Spoken:Youwillsendacoupleoftickets.Written:Youwillsendacoupleoftickets.A.arequestB.acommandC.anexpressionofdisbelief\n说明和对话理解测试T1在答卷上提供的A、B、C、D四个不同的解释、说明、信息理解中，根据录音提供的句子，作出选择。Spoken:IttookAlanalongtimetofindhecouldn’tmendthebike.A.Afteralongtime,Alanrealizedhewasunabletomendmybike.B.Alanspendalongtimemendingmybikebuthewasatlastsuccessful.C.Alanwasalongtimebeforehefoundmybike.D.Inspiteofsearchingforalongtime,Alancouldn’tfindmybikeand,therefore,couldn’tmendit.√\n说明和对话理解测试T2在答卷上提供的A、B、C、D四个不同的应答中，根据录音提供的问句(含有yes-noquestion或者Wh-question)，选出合适的应答选项。Spoken:DoesAlisonmindyouplayingthepiano?Written:A.Yes,sheisalwaysthinkingaboutit.B.No,sheratherlikesit.C.No.shedoesn’tplaythepiano.D.Yes,shemustbecareful.√\n看图测试听力T1判定正误判定正误：根据提供的图形，在所听句子的序号后判定其正误1.Thelorry’sontheleftofthemotorbike.2.Alittlegirlrunningafterhermother.3.Hermotheriscarryingabag.4.Therearealotofcarsinthestreet.1._______2.________3._______4.________√√××\n看图测试听力T2看图选择看图选择；在所给出的A、B、C、D、E五个图画中，考生根据录音的要求选出符合句子表述的图画序号。1.____________________________________2.____________________________________1.Bothdoorsareopen.2.It’sdaylightbuttheheadlightsareon.BCDE(OnlyAshowsonedooropen)BDE(OnlyCshowstheheadlampsoff)\n看图测试听力T3组图选择组图选择：在答卷给出的四组组图中，选出和录音中句子相互符合的选项。1.Thecar’sgoingtocrashthetree.2.Dannycan’trunasfastasClaire.3.Tomwisheshissistercouldplaytenniswithhim.4.TheswitchissohighthatKatiecan’treachit.\n看图测试听力T4听音选图看图选择：考生将听到关于每个图形的描述，标出每个描述对应的图形序号。A1.A:Look!What’sthatinsidethesquare?B:It’sawhitecircle.2.Itthethicklinehadbeenonlyamillimeterlonger,itwouldhavebeenthelongestofthethreelines\n看图测试听力T5地图方位地图方位：在考卷上提供一幅街道地图，⑴要求考生根据录音中说明或对话内容，写出建筑物的名称。（２）要求考生根据对话内容，在地图上标出某个事件发生的地点。Spoken:YoucomeoutofschoolintoCentralRoadandwalkinthedirectionofGreenLane.However,youtaketheleftturningjustbeforeyoureachtheGreenLane.Attheendofthestreetyouturnrightandcontinueuntilyoucometothesecondturningright.Youcrossthisroadandyouwillseeonyourright……(Whichbuildingwillyousee?)\n看图测试听力T6画图计算画图计算：根据录音中提供的要求画出一幅图画或图形，然后作相应的计算。1.DrawastraightlineABthreecentimeterslong.2.ContinuethelineABtopointCsothatACistwiceaslongasAB4.Measureanangle45℃tobecalledDAC3.Drawaperpendicular(直角)frompointB.5.NowdrawthelineADuntilitmeetstheperpendicularatpointD.Question1:HowlongisAD?6.NowjoinDCQuestion2:WhatdoesangleADCmeasures?\n看图测试听力T7补全图画在考卷所给的残缺图画上，根据录音要求，画出一些简单的图画Lookatthedrawingandlistentothesentences.YouwillseeMrPeanutsittingatatable.DowhatItellyouandcompletethepicture.Itdoesn’tmatterifyoucan’tdrawverywell.Areyouready?Nowbegin.1.MrsPeanutissittingonachairoppositeMrPeanut.PUTHERIN2.ThedoorisbehindMrPeanut’sback.PUTITIN3.MrPeanutcanseeMrsPeanutbuthecan’tseeCharliebecauseCharlie’sstandingbehindhim.PUTHIMIN\n看图测试听力T8图形信息识别与分类观察答卷上的图形，根据录音识别图形的信息和类别。Inthispartyouwillhearatalkaboutdrawingsmadebychimpanzeesdevelopmentandchildren.Youwillhearinform-ationtwice.ThenyoushouldIdentifytheninesentences,fromAtoKbelow,whichareaboutthedevelopmentofachild.Numberthemintheordertheyoccur.writethenumbers1-9intheboxes.A.shapesinsidecircles□B.singlelines□C.humanfigures□D.singleshapes□E.overlappingshapes□F.regularpatterns□G.unconnectedlines□H.everydayobjects□I.rowsofshapes□J.Massesconnectedlines□K.humanfaces□\n看图测试听力T9手工制作根据录音要求，进行一些简单的手工制作和限定绘画。以测试考生的理解行为步骤说明的能力。(Spoken)Printyournameinthetopleft-handcornerofyourpaper:drawaone-inchlinesixinchesunderit.Drawasmallcircleonthelineandontherightofitdrawasquareroughlythesamesizeasthecircle.Nowtakethetopright-handcornerandthebottomleft-handcornerandfoldyourpapersothatthedrawingappearsontheoutside.\n谈论和讲演听力理解T1在答卷所给的Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ四个表述中，根据录音内容，标出正确的选项Written:Onlyoneofthefollowingstatementsaboutthetalkyouhavejustheardiscorrect.Putacircleroundtheletternexttothecorrectstatement.A.Moderntechnologyisnowmakingtownsindevelopingcountriesfreeofloudnoise.B.Theincreaseinnoiseisaproblemwhichcannotyetbesolvedbymoderntechnology.C.Gradualnoiseoveralongperiodmayhavejustasharmfulaneffectasloudorsuddennoise.D.Thereisnorealsolutiontotheproblemofincreasingnoiseinmodernlife.\nSpoken:There'samarkedtendencyformostdevelopedcountriestogrowsteadilynoisiereachyear.Thiscontinuallyincraasingamountofnoiseisuncomfonableand,whatismoreimponant,cananeHourhealth.Thenoiaeofmachines,heavytranicandaeroplanesconstitutesperhapsthemostseriousthreattopublichealth.Suchnoisecaninteferewithourabilitytoeonverse,itcandisturboursleep,anditcanquicklymakeusbecomeneNouswrecks.Aloudblastoranexplosionmayevencausedamagetoourhearing.Butthere'sanotherdanger-lustasgreat.Thisisthe9radualdamagewhichmaybecausedifwe'recontinuallyexposedtonoiseoverseveralyears.Suchexposuretonoistcanundarmineourhealth-aswellasourperformanceandeffieiency.Fortunately,technologyisprogressingataveryrapidrate.Somemanufacturersarenowdesigningnewsilencingmechanismsintheirproducts,andplanningexpensareevenbeginningtoplancitiesaccordingtosoundzones.t1\n谈论和讲演听力理解T2考生根据所听文章，写出答卷上该文综括段落中可以替换序号的单词。Written:Thefollowingpassageisawrittensummaryoftheshorttalkyouhavejustheard.Givethecorrectwordwhichcanbeusedinplaceofeachnumber.Infuture(1)willdomanyjobs,particularlythosewhichare(2)bynature.Itisgenerallydoubtediftheycoulddo(3)workandinthehometheywouldprobablynotdothingslike(4).Robotswilldonothingmore(5)thantheyhavebeen(6)todobyhumanbeings.Arobotwouldbeakindof(7),freeinghumanbeingssothattheycoulddowhatevertheywanted.Althoughrobotswouldbeusedinfactories,humanbeingswouldprobably(8)themachinery.Onfarms,robotswouldprobablydrive(9).Therobotswouldlook(10)humanbeingsbecausetheywouldbe(11)indesign.Itwouldevenbepossibleforarobottohaveaneyeinitshandora(12)inoneofitsfeet.\nSpoken:Wouldyoulikearobotinyourhouse?It'snowgenerallyacceptedthatinthafuturerobotswilltakeovermanyofourtask,.especiallyjobsofarepetitivenature.Butit'shighlydoubtfulifrobotswilleverbeabletodoanyofthemorecreativetypesofwork-orindeedifpeoplewouldwantthemto.Inthehome,robotswouldprobablybeusedtodothecleaning,table-laying,scrubbingandwashing-up,butit'sconsideredunlikelysofarthatthey'IIbeusedtodothecooking-atleast.notinthenearfuture.Accordingtoengineer,robotswilldonothingmoreoriginalorsophisticatedthantheyhavebeenprogrammedtodobyhumanbein9s.Andsorobotsinthehomemightnotbecreativeenoughtodothecooking,planthemeals,andsoon.Theywouldbeusedasslaves,therebyfreeingpeopletodomoreofthethingstheywanted.Infactories,mobilerobotswouldcarryoutallthedistributionandassemblytaskswhilehumanbeingscarriedoutresearchanddrewupplansfornewproducts.Humanbeingswouldstillberesponsiblefordiagnosingfaultsandforrepairingandmaintainingmachinery.Onthefarm,robotswouldprobablydrivetractors:they'dbeprogrammedtokeeptheireyesonthegroundinfronttoguidethetractoralongastraightlineorbetweenrowsofvegetables.Therobotsthemselveswouldprobablynotlookatalllikehumanbeingsbecausetheirdesignwouldbechieflyfunctional.Forinstance,itwouldnotbeatallsurprisingtofindarobotwithaneyeinthepalmofitshandandabraininoneofitsfeet!\n谈论和讲演听力理解T3考生根据所听文章，回答有四个选项的书面问题。INSTRUCTIONSYouhavejustheardatalkaboutCharlesEdwardBlackwell,awriterofchildren'sbooks.Youarebeingtestedonyourabilitytolistenandunderstand.Younowhave15minutestoanswerthequestionswhichfollow.The25questionsfollowtheorderofthetalkandyoushouldcompleteeachstatementwiththebestanswer.Write'A','B','C',or'D’onthelineprovidedatthesideofeachquestion.DONOTWRITEOUTTHEFULLANSWER.Hereisanexample:EX.CThistalkisaboutA.writersofchildren'sbooks.B.children'sreading.C.CharlesEdwardBlackwell.D.LeedsUniversity.1.Blackwellenjoys1.___________A.writingbooksforchildren.B.givinglecturesforwriters.C.readingbookstochildren.D.talkingabouthimself.2.WhenBlackwellwasborn.hisfatherwas2.___________A.acricketer.B.aninn-keeper.C.awriter.D.afactoryworker.\nYouaregoingtohearatalkaboutCharlesEdwardBlackwell,awriterofchildren'sbook.Youarebeingtestedonyourabilitytolistenandunderstand.Afterthetalkyouwillbeasked25questionsaboutCharlesEdwardBlackwell.Thissheetofpaperisforanynoteswhichyouwishtotakewhileyouarelisteningtothetalk.Thenoteswillnotbemarkedinanywaybytheexaminer.Thequestionsyouwillbeaskedafterthetalkwillbeaboutthepointslistedbelow.Aspacehasbeenlefttoenableyoutowritenotesforeachpoint.1.WhatBlackwellenjoysdoing2.Blackwell'sbirth3.Hisageatthetimeoftheeconomicdepression4.ThebookBlackwellreadThetesteesmaytakenotesduringthelecture.Theywilllaterreceivethefollowinganswersheet.\n谈论和讲演听力理解T4考生根据所听文章，判定答卷上的表格叙述正确、错误还是文章没有提到。Yes,thestatementistrueNo,thestatementisfalse?wehavenoinformationaboutitTheyhadaproblemtakingoffbec-ausetheywerecarryingsomuchfuelTheystartedonJune15th,1919ItwasfoggywhentheytookoffTheyhadaproblemwhensomethingfellofftheplaneduringtheflightTheyhaddifficultyfindingtheirway\n十、掌握其他听力试题题型，进行有效梯度训练。\n1、英语月刊套体2、《学英语》3、《英语周报》4、《英语辅导报》5、人教社《同步听力》6、历年高考试题7、四级、六级、托福考试试题钟道隆编的<<逆向法巧学英语>>十一、常用听力材料及参考资料\n澳大利亚