高中英语复习专辑(全套) 46页

高中英语复习专辑（全奈）、毛词名词的数1、可数名词与不可数名词A、不可数名词，常见的不可数名词有:water;meat;rice;bread;milk;tea;orange（桔汁）;fruit;air;snow;chalk;work;paper（纸）;time（时间）;music;weather;grass;news;food;fish（鱼肉）;coke;porridge;cake（口j数或不可数）.不可数名词应注意以下几点：1）前无数、冠，后无复数；作主语为L单.2）表量用约数some/any;much;alotof或用of短语2、可数名词的复数A、不规则变化：man—men;woman—women;child—hildrenpoliceman一policemenEnglishman一EnglishmenFrenchman一Frenchmenfoot一feet;tooth一teethmouse（鼠）一miceB、规则变化单数复数yourselfyourselvesmyselfourselveshimselfthemselvesherselfitself1）s;sh;ch;X结尾加es1读[iz]►2）ce;se;ze;（d）ge结尾加s“eg.boxes[bksiz]blouses[blauziz]3）f（fe）结尾则变f（fe）为v加es…读[vz]eg.knives[naivz]4）“辅+y”结尾变y为i加esi清就清[s]5）—般加sj浊就浊[z]eg.books[buks]pensfpenz]babies[beibiz]但注意以〒儿点：'一①potato—potatoes;tomato—tomatoes②单复同形：fish;sheep;deer;Chinese;Japanese③rt]man,woman在词首构成的复合名词应将两部分都变成复数mandoctor—mendoctors④reef—reefs⑤“某国人”的复数：中日不变英法变，其余s加后血.eg.German一Germans⑥people,police常用单数形式表示复数概念Thepolicearelookingforthemissingboy.3、名词所有需名词's（意思是“……的"）A.有生命的名词所有格，一般在后加“'s”但注意：1）表两者共有则在后者加“I”LucyandLily'sfather露西和莉莉的父亲Lucy'sandLily'sfathers露西的父亲和莉莉衣否定表肯定可数few（儿乎没有）afew（儿个；一些）不可数little（几乎没白）alittle（—点儿少许｝的父亲.2）以s结尾的词只加“’”eg.1）theboys'books2）James'father3）无生命的名词所有格用of来引导eg.thelegofthedesk4）双重所有格：afriendofmyfather'safriendofmine（V）afriendofniy（X）二、冠词1、不定冠词a.ana用在辅音音索开头的词前eg.abookausefulbooka[ju:sful][ju:]an用于元咅开头的词前.eg.anappleanhouran“F‘[au9][ef]2、定冠词the1）特指某人/某物Thebookonthedeskismine.\n2）世上独一无二的事物前thesun,themoon,theearth,thesky3）形、副最高级及序数词前\nThethirdboyisthetallestofall.（但当这些词前已有其他限定词，如物主代词、所有格、指示代词时，则不能再用the）HeismyfirstEnglishteacher.4）the+姓的复数表示“某家人”或“某夫妇theGreens格林一家/格林夫妇3、不用冠词的几种情况：1）在星期、月份、季节前不用冠词2）学科名词前3）球类运动及早、屮、晚三餐名词前（但：①当三餐名词前有修饰词时，则要加适当的冠词.②表乐曲演奏的名词前应加the）1）Hewenttoschoolafterhehadaquickbreakfast.2）playtheviolin/piano三、心司（一）扌旨示代词：this,that,these,those,this,that-般与可数名词的单数连用，而不与不可数名词连用（但that可单独指代不可数名词）。thatapple（V）thatmeat（X）TheweatherinSichuanisnotsohotasinGuangzhou.[that]（二）人称代词、物主代词和反身代词1）人称代词：主格、宾格（作主语为主格,作宾语为宾格；介+宾格）eg・1）]thankyou2）Youthankme<2）物主代词：形琵性物主代词和名词性物主代词。—变（my—mine）;二留（his—hisits一its）三力口s（your—yours;oururs;her—hers;their—theirs）用法：有名不名，无名是名eg.Thisis（我的）book.Thisbookis（我的）.[my;mine]3）反身代词：某某自己；亲自反身代词的*见搭紀;1.enjoyoneself玩得高兴；过得愉快2.hurtoneself伤着自己3.teachoneself=learn...byoneself自学4.（all）byoneself（完全）独立地5.helponeselfto请自便；随便吃…6.lookafteroneself自理；照顾自□»7.1eaveonebyoneself把…单独留下8.loseoneselfin陶醉于…；沉浸于…（三）不定代词Dsome与any—般情况下，some用-丁•肯定句，any用于否定句、疑问句（但表邀请、建议的问句屮可用some—此类句型常以could,would开头）2）many+可数]=alotof:许多.much+不可数.（但alotof不能用于否定句）3）few,afew;little,alittle①.Thestoryiseasytoread.Therearenewwordsinit.[few]②.Huuyup!Thereistimeleft,[little]4）everyone/anyone不加ofnoone不加of'noneof5）other.another,others单数复数泛JnanotherF者以1••的另一个定语主语、宾语othersome...others特指one...theother一个…另一个theothers=theother+复名（另外的人或物）①.WestudysubjectsbesidesChinese.②.MayIhaveapple?③.Thesecupsareclean.aredirty.④.1havetwopens.Oneisred,isblue.[other;another;others;theothers]另外注意：〔oneanother（三者以上的）相互\neachother"（两者的）相互Weshouldlearnfromeachother（说明we指两个人）\nTheyhelponeanother（说明they指三个人以上）6）二者与三者复数单数单数•一者both（都）neither（都不）either（任何•个）三者all（都）none（都不）any（任何个）注意：①.bodi否毎neitherall否每none②.bo山，all不但作主语为复数，口被修饰的词也为复数；neither,none作主语为单数,但noneof+复名,neitherof+复名[everyone/anyoneof'7）each:（-.者以上的）每个——作主、宾、定]4every:（H者以上的）每个——只作定语）J①.studentintheclasslikesEnglish.②.ofthestudentsstudiedhard.[Every;Each]四.数词数词分为基数词和序数词。用于表示事物数目的词称为基数词，表示事物顺序的词称为序数词。1•基数词（1000以内的基数词的读法）365一threehundredandsixty-five505—fivehundredandfive2.基数词变序数词的方法：基变序，有规律；词尾要加山。一二三,特殊记；词尾分别ukL八去t,九去e；ve则以f替。ty则变作ti;后面还有一个e。要是遇到儿十儿；只将个位变成序。eg.one—firsttwo—secondthree—thirdeight—eighthnine—ninthtwelvetwelfthtwenty一twentiethtwenty-one—twenty-first3.数词的应用：A、时刻表达法：a.整点：基数词+o'clockeg.It'seighto'clocknow.b.几点几分：l.直接表达法：先小时后分eg.3:25threetwenty-five2•间接表达法：先分后小时1）（〈30分钟）用past:分钟past小时eg.3:25twenty-five（minutes）pastthree2）（＞30分钟）用to：（60-分钟数）to（小时数+1）eg.3:35twenty-five（minutes）tofour3）30分钟=half15分钟=aquartereg.3:30threethirty=halfpastthree3:15threefifteen=aquarterpastthree.3:45threeforty-five=aquartertofourB、日期表达法：月日，年（或日月年）1949年10月1口：October1st,nineteenforty-nine=thefirstofOctober,nineteenforty-nine2000年：theyeartwothousand=twentyhundred2001年：twentyoone3月1日：Marchthefirst=thefirstofMarchC、表编号：第207房间：Room207第五课：Lesson5=thefifthlessonD、序数词与不定冠词（a;an）连用表“又一;再一”eg.You'vedoneitthreetimes.Whynottryafourthtime?E、分数的表达：分子（基数）、分母（序数）eg.onethird三分之一twothirds三分之二注意：1.分子超过1时，分母加s2.含分数的短语作主语市分数后的词决定谓语eg.l）Onethirdofthestudentsaregirls.2）Onethirdofthemilkismine.3.分数的特殊形£1）onethird=athird\n2）onefourth=aquarterthreefourths=threequarters3）onesecond=ahalfF、一些数词的复数+of表约数：hundredsof;thousandsof;millionsof\n五、介词l.in;on;at用在时间词前,表"在"1）at+具休时刻2）on+具体某天（具体某天的上、下午等;星期词；以及上、下午词前有修饰词时）3）in+年、刀、季节及一天中的某部分但注意：atnight=inthenightatnoonatthis/thattimeatChristmaseg.1.themorning2.Mondaymorning3.arainyevening4.3:505.—20022.themorningofApril107.spring8.night9.thistime10.March另外注意：在时间词(morning,afternoon,evening;Sunday...)前有last、next,this■that时，不再用介词.tomorrow,tonighl前也不用介词。eg.Iwillgo(A)tothecinema(B)in(C)thisevening•2.in,on,at表地点：at—般指小地方；in—般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如：eg.l)HearrivedShanghaiyesterday.2)Theyarnvedasmallvillagebeforedark.3)Thereisabigholethewall.4)Theteacherputupapicturethewalk3.in、on,to表方位in（范围内）；on（范围外且接壤）；（o（范围外但不接壤）。可表示为下图的位置关系eg.l)TaiwanisinthesoutheastofChina.2)HubeiisonthenorthofHunan.3)JapanistotheeastofChina.{cross:动词"跨过,越过”=goacrossacross:（表面）跨过through:（内部）穿过，贯穿eg.l)Canyouswimtheriver?2)Theroadrunstheforest.3)thebridge,youTlfindacinema.5.rin+时间段：与将来时连用|1after+时间段：与过去时连用]但after+时间点：可与将來时连用。1)IT1leavethreeo'clock..Thatis,Fllleaveabouttenminutes.2)Theylefttwoweeks.inthe(rec(外加在树上的事物)](onthetree(树上自身具有的花、果、叶等丿rinthewall(镶嵌在墙内部的事物)[彳onthewall(墙表面的事物)’1)Thereisamapthewall2)Therearefourwindowsthewall.8.bybike/bus/car/ship(单数且无冠词)但当这些交通工具名词前有其它修饰词时，则应使用相应的介词。eg.bybike=ona(the;his)bikebycar=ina(the;her)carron:在…(表面)上接触9.5over:在…的正上方]〔above:在…的斜上丸「未接触1)Themoonrosethehill.2)Thereisabridgetheriver.3)Thereisabookthedesk.IQ.between:在(两者)之.间]'among:在(三者以上)之间'1)AbigcrowdofpeoplewerewaitingforLiLidaonthebeach・themwerehisparents.2)TomsitsLucyandLily.11.onabout:关于(on用于较正式的演讲、学术、书籍等]\n1about于非正式的谈话或随便提及」eg.HegaveatalkthehistoryoftheParty1爭nfrontof:在…前血7力(范围外)=before][in/atthefrontof:在前部(范围内)j1)Thereisabigtreeoftheclassroom.2)Adriverdrivesofthebus.类似区别：atthebackof与behind13.with和in:表示“用“rwith:指“用工具、手、口等”（in:指“用语言、话语、声咅等”」1）Pleasewritetheletterapen.2）Pleasespeakaloudvoice.14.onafarm;inafactory;thegirlinthehat;leavefor:动身前往某地15.—些固定搭配：（1）介词与动词的搭配listento,laughat,getto,lookfor;waitfor,hearfrom,turnon,turnoff,worryabout,thinkof,lookafter,spend...on…，等。（2）介词与名词的搭配ontime,intime,bybus,onfoot,withpleasure,onone'swayto,introuble,atbreakfast,attheendof,intheend等。（3）介词与形容词的搭配belatefor,beafraidof,begoodat,beinterestedin,beangrywith,befullof,besorryfor等。六.连词：从属连词和并列连词（一）从属连词：用于连接各种从句的连词（二）并列连词：并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。常见的并列连词有：1.表并列关系的and,both...and,notonly...butalso,neither...nor等。2.表选择关系的or,either...or等。3.表转折关系的but,while（然而）等。4.表因果关系的for,so等。5.jarxi:“和"在肯定句中表并列'*or:"和”在否定句中表并列’另外：l）or“或者"用于选择疑问句2）or“否则”eg.①.Whichdoyoulikebetter,teaormilk?②.Hurryup,oryou'llbelateforschool.6.but“但是”表转折eg.Ilistened,butIheardnothing.注意：l）though（虽然）,but（但是）不能连用2）not...but不是…而是eg.Thisbookisn'tminebutyours.rboth...and:既…乂（连接卞语为复数）Ineither...nor:既不…也不7.either...or:或者…或者'notonly...butalso:不但…而且7定单、复eg.l）BothheandIarestudents.2）NeitherhenorIamastudent.七、形容词、副词的比较等级1.原级：表示A与B在某方面相同。句型：1）A+谓+as+原级+as+B2）A+谓（否定）+as/so+原级+as+BA与B在某方面不同注意：notas/so...as二lessthan不及；不如eg.l）Thisgirlisasbeautifulasthatone.2）Youdon'teatsomuchasI3）Thisbookisn'tasinterestingasthatone=Thisbookisthatone2.比较级：两者进行比较（常与（han连用）1）1amclevererthanyou我比你聪明。2）HeinnsfasterthanJim他比Jim跑得快。3）1pickedmoreapplesthanJim.我比你摘的苹果多。—4）Whichismoreinteresting,（hisoneorthatone?哪本书史有趣，这本还3.最高级：三査（或三者以上）进行比较（螫与表范围的in.of短语连用）（注意：of+个体名词单数in+集合名词）eg.1）ShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina.2）Herunsfastestinourclass.3）Heisthetallestofthethreeboys.4）Whichistheeasiest,Lessonl,Lesson2or\nLesson3?1.形、副比较等级的其他用法1）“比较级and比较级"表示“越来越……”eg.lazierandlazier越来越懒（但注意：如果多音节词用此结构时应为moreandmore+形、畐!|）eg.moreandmorebeautiful越来越漂亮2）“the比较级，（he比较级”“越……，越……"eg.themore,thebetter多多益善youare,youwillget.\n你越懒，收获越少。1)“the比较级of+二者”'‘二者中较……的一个"eg.1)Lucyistheyoungerofthetwins.2)OffA)thetwobooks(B)thisone(C)isthicker(D).石襄示二者相差多少用“具体数量+比较级”eg.He'saheadtallerthanme.Mybrotheristwoyearsolderthanme2)表示“是儿倍"时用"twice;threetimes等+as...as”eg.l)Thisbookcoststwiceasmuchasthatone.这木书的价钱是那本书的两倍。2)HehasfourtimesasmanybooksasIhave他拥有的书是我拥有的四倍。3)区别older/elder与farther/furtherrolder(年龄较老的){elder(指兄弟姐妹中排行在前的)eg.Mybrotheristhanme.rfarther^距离“较远的”)[further(指抽象事物的“更进一步的”)eg.l)Hewentabroadforstudies.2)FusunisfromourschoolthanZhaohua.形、副比较等级还应注意1•比较级前用alittle;much/alot;even/still来加强语气，表示“……一点儿;……得多;更……”eg.1)alittlebigger大一点儿2)muchmore多得多3)evenheavier更重但注意：不能在比较级前加so;too;very;quite等。2.比较级必须是同类事物相比(即as;than后的词应与主语是同类事物)，注意常用漏的代词有:that;those;one;oneseg.l)Theapples(A)inthisbasket(B)areredder(C)thaninthatbasket(D).2)Thisknife(A)isn，t(B)so(C)newasthat(D).3)()urclassroom(A)is(B)bi酸er(C)thanLily(D).3.个体与整体相比，不能包括个体，常用“anyother+单数名词”来进行比较。eg.1)Betty(是个体)isclevererthananystudentinherclass(是整体).(X)正：Bettyisclevererthananyotherstudentinherclass.=Bettyisclevererthananybodyelseinherclass.=Bettyisthecleverestinherclass・(特别注意以上三种句型的转换)2)ChinaisbiggerthananycountryinAfrica.中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。3)ChinaisbiggerthananyothercountryinAsia.中国比亚洲的任何一,个其他国家大。*4.使用最高级时应把主语包括在范围内。eg.Maryisthetallestofallhersisters.(X)(allhersisters己排除了Mary)改：Maryisthetallestofallthesisters.1.表示“第一、第二……”时，可在最高级前加"second,(hird,…”(但“第一”不能用first)eg.TheChangjiangRiveristhefirstlongestriverinChina.改错：附：形、副比较级和最高级的变化规则A、规则变化1•“辅+y”结尾，变y为i加er,est(但“形+ly”构成的副词除外)2.双写加er,est3.直接加er,est/r,st4.在多音词前加more,most(以“形+ly”构成的副词也在前加more,most)B、不规则变化原级比较级最咼级good/wellbetterbest\nmany/muchmoremostbad/ill/badlyworseworstlittlelessleast\n>doingstop3・2forgetrememberoldolder/elderoldest/eldestfarfartherfurtherfarthestfurthest另外：1）以・er,-ow,-ble,-pie结尾的双音节词加er,est/r,st.narrowsimpleable2）tiredpleased3）oftenfriendly4）在形容词的最高级前一般加the,副词的最高级前一般不加the（但当形容词最高级前有物主代词、所有格时则不再加the）oeg.LilyismythebestfTiend.（改错）5）形容词作表语、定语，修饰名词（但部分形容词不能作定语,只能表语：ill；alone;asleep;afraid;interested;excited;surprised）.副词作状语，修饰动词。附I——动词的四种形式A、动三单的变法1）“辅+才结尾，变y为i加es2）"以s;sh;ch;x;o结尾，加es3）直接加s但have…-hasB、现在分词的变法1）去e加ing（e不发音）2）汝写加ing（“辅元辅”结尾且重读,y;w列外）3）直接加ingC、动词的过去式和过去分词（一）不规则变化（二）规则变化1）“辅+*结尾，变y为i加ed2）双写加ed3）直接加ed附II情态动词（can/could;may/might;must;should）+动原l.must（必须）needn't（不必）may(可以)不许；不准；不可以)2.注意儿个题：1)—MayIgowithyou?—No,you.2)一MustIturnoffthelightnow?一Yes,you/No,you附ni——动词不定式与动名词a、动词不定式作宾补l)tell/ask/wantsbtodo否定式：tell/ask/wantsbnottodo2)省to不定式作宾补即：(1,m,n,3h,2看，If)sbdo1—let;ni一make;n—notice;3h一hear,have,help;2看一see,watch;If—feel但注意:l)helpsb(to)do(to可省、可不省)2)在改作被动语态时省去的to应还原eg.Someoneheardhimsingintheroom.Hewasheardtosingintheroom.B、动词不定式与动名词的区别1>(hope;learn;want二wouldlike;decide)todo2.(enjoy;finish;keep;mind;practise)doingbebusy(in)spend...{in)feellikestop/keep/prevent...fromz、丿勿（动作结束）watch,neansby,\doing（动作在进彳J）\n5.gooivA?do:接着做.doing:继续做（另一件事）•（原来的事）6.(begin,start,like)tododoing（常可替换）+动原WhynothadbetterWill/would/Couldyoupleaseprefertodoratherthan&介词+doingeg.l)What/Howaboutdoing2)begoodatdoing附IV——宾语从句与状语从句中的时态1•状语从句中的时态:丄句时间、条件句1）•般将来吋2）祈便句3）悄态动词原形一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时eg」)rilcallyouassoonashe(come)back.2)Hewon'tgotobeduntilhe(finish)hishomework.3)F11helpyouifI(be)freetomorrow2.宾语从句中的吋态：丄句宾语从句—般现在时一切时态一般过去时过去范峙的某一时态（一般过去时；过去进行时；过去完成吋；过公将来吋〉但当宾语从句是指客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象时，则只能用一般现在时。eg.I)Hesaidhisfather(come)backintwodays.2)Theteachersaidlight(travel)fasterthansound-附V——主谓一致1.表“吋间、距离、金钱、长度”的名词短语做主语时应看作一个整体，视为厂单eg.Twomonthsjsquitealongtime.2.people;police形单实为复，作土为复eg.Thepolicearelookingforthemissingboy.3.maths,news,physics形复实为单，作主为单4.family;class看作整体时作主语为单数；看作整体屮的各成员时则为复数。eg.l)Myfaniilyjsabigone.2)MyfamilyarewatchingTV.5.由with,except,aswellas连接的两名词作主语，谓语由前者决定eg.TheteacherwithhisstudentsisgoingtoBeijingtomorrow.6•由neither...nor;either…or;notonly…boutalso连接的两名词作主语，谓语由后者决定eg.NeitherhenorIamateache匚7•不定代词(something;anything;nothing;someone;anyone;everyone…)作主语为三单Nobodyknowsitexceptme.8.0neof+复名…作主语为单数eg.Oneofmyfriendsjsacomputerenginee匚9.4tthe+姓的复数讨乍壬语为复数eg.TheLiusarewatchingTVnow.10.sheep;deer;fish单复同形，注意区别作主语是单还是复eg.l)Therearemanvsheeponthehill.2)Milkwhite,andsheepwhite,too.(be填空)11.therebe结构中，如果有两个以上的名词作主语，则be应与最接近的那个名词一致。(即：靠近原则)eg.1)Thereaboxandsomepensonthedesk・2)Theresomepensandaboxonthedesk・12.either,neither,each作主语为三单eg.Neitherofthetwins(like)drawing・13.由两部分构成的事物名词(trousers,glasses,chopsticks)作主语为复数,但当前面有pair短语修饰时，则谓语市pair的单复数来决定谓语。eg.1)Where(be)myglasses?\n2)Thatpairoftrousers(be)M匚Green's附VI——“短命”动词与“长命”动词之间的转化buy——have;borrow——keep;die——bedead;\nleave一beaway（from）;comeback一beback;fallasleep一beasleep;open一beopen;catchacold—haveacold;go/getout—beout;arrive（reach/getto/cometo）+地点一bein+地点；join—bein+集体（或be+成员）;turnon一beon;tunioff—beoff;getaletterfrom一havealetterfrom.end/finish—beover;getup—beup;被动语态英语的语态分主动语态和被动语态两种.主动语态的主语是动作的执行者；被动语态的主语是动作的承受者。eg.Weuseaknifeforcutting（主动句）.Aknifeisusedforcutting（被动句）。—、构成：be+过去分词eg.l）Theworkisfinishedbyhim.2）ChineseisspokenbypeopleinChina.二、被动语态的时态1•一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词eg.EnglishisspokenbyEnglishmen.2.—般过去时：was/were+过去分词eg.ThemachinesweremadeinChina.3.-般将来吋:will/shall/begoingtobe+过公分词eg.Asportsmeetingwillbeheldinourschoolnextweek.4.现花完成时：have/hasbeen+过去分词eg.Theworkhasbeendonebythem・5.现在进行吋：am/is/arebeing+过公分词。eg.Anewschoolisbeingbuiltinourvillage.6•过去进彳亍时：was/werebeing+过去分词eg.MyTVsetwasbeingmendedatthattime.综上所述：被动语态的时态只涉及be动词的变化（即：be动词的各种时态）另外注意以下几点：1.含情态动词的被动语态：can/may/must/should+be+过去分词eg.Hemaybesentawayfromschool.2.带动词不定式的被动语态eg.Mybikeneedstobemended.3.在使用被动语态时，如需要指出动作执行者吋，应用“by+动作的执行者(宾格)”eg.HewascalledMikebyus4.不及物动词无被动语态(takeplace/happen;last;rise;sink;fall等)eg.Theaccidentwashappenedtwodaysago(改错)5.当宾语补足语是省to不定式时，在改作被动语态之后，应将省去的to还原。eg.Thebossmadetheworkerswork12hours.-*Theworkersweremadetowork12hours.6.注意短语动词的完整性(即：主动句的谓语动词若由v+prep/adv构成，变被动语态时，不能将这些介词、副词遗漏。eg.Wemusttakecareofthebaby.-*Thebabymustbetakencareof.九、状语从句(一)时间状语从句:由when,while,before,after,since,assoonas,till/until引导的从句1)when与whileJwhen+短命”动词[while+a长命”动词eg.l)riltellherthegoodnewshecomesback.2)AuntWangcameinwhilewewerewatchingTV9短命”动词的否定式+until:直到……才珂“长命”动词的肯定式+until:到……为止3)since:0从以来(since从句常用一般过去时)注意主句通常用现在完成时，但当主句表示一种状态，用一般现在时eg.l)HehaslivedtheresincehecametoChina2)Itistwoyearssincehermotherdied・(_)条件状语从旬:由if(如果)引导的从旬eg.Iwillgototheparkifit(notrain)\ntomorrow.注意：条件状语从句与以下句型的转换1)祈使句,and(then,o「)+简单句\n=Ifyou…，you...eg.l)Useyourhead,thenyoullfindaway.=Ifyouuseyourhead,you511findaway2)Hurryup,oryou41belate.=Ifyoudon，thurry,you'llbelate.2)without与条件句的转化eg.Mancan'tlivewithoutwate匚=Mancan，tliveifthereisnowater.注意以上两种状语从句的时恋丄句时间、条件句1）•般将来吋2）祈便句3）悄态动词原形一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时但since从句例外，应与现在完成吋连用。eg」)F11callyouassoonashe(come)back.2)Hewon'tgotobeduntilhe(finish)hishomework.3)F11helpyouifI(be)freetomorrow4)1(live)heresinceIcametoChina.(三)原因状语从句:由because,since,for,as引导的从句eg・Hedidn'tgotoschoolbecausehewasill.注意：1)对because引导的从句提问用why2)因为(because),所以(so)不能连用eg.Becausehewas(A)ill,so(B)hedidift(C)20toschool(D)yesterday.(四)结果状语从句：由so...that引导的从句(so后接形、副原级)eg.Heran(A)sofaster(B)thatIcouldn^tcatchupwith(C)him.注意：1)"so...that+否定句"与“too...to”的替换eg.l)Heissoyoungthathecarftgotoschool.=Heistooyoungtogotoschool(上、从句上语相同)2)Heransofastthatwecouldn'tcatchupwithhim.=Herantoofastforustocatchupwith.(i：＞从句主语不同)3)TheboxissoheavythatIcan'tcanyit=Theboxistooheavyformetocarry.(注意carry后省去宾语it)2)“so...that+从句”与"enoughto"的替换eg.l)He?ssostrongthathecancarrythebox.=He'sstrongenoughtocarrythebox・2)ThequestionissoeasythatIcananswerit=Thequestioniseasyenoughformetoanswer十、宾语从句：充当宾语的句子对宾语从句应注意以下三要素：1.引导词2.语序3.时态1.引导词1)that引导一般疑问句总义的宾从(that可省)eg.Hesays(that)theboyisalilltleweakinChinese.2)疑问词引｛特殊疑问句意畑宾从eg.①.Doyouknowwhowillgiveusatalk?②.Idon'tknowwhosebookthatis.③.Couldyoupleasetellwhich£atewehavetogoto?④.Iwonderwhenhewillcomeback・注意：此类宾廂圣语与主句的主语(或宾语)相同时，可替换为''疑问词+todo”eg.①.I_haven^tdecidedwherejwillgo=1haven'tdecidedwhereto父。②.Heaskedmewhat丄bought=Heaskedmewhattobuy.类似短语：howtodowhattosaywhattodowheretogo3)if/whether(是否)引导一般疑问句意义的宾从eg.①."Doyoulikethisbook?"sheaskedme.=SheaskedmeIlikedthisbook.②/'HaveyouvisitedtheGreatWall?"Couldyoutellme?=CouldyoutellmeyouhavevisitedtheGreatWall?\n注意以下几点：\ni.区别if当作“是否”，还是“如果”eg.Idoiftknowifhe(come)ifit(rain)tomorrow.ii.用whether不用if的几种情况1)后接不定式eg.IcarftdecidewhethertogotoBeijing.2)与or/ornot连用eg.Iwanttoknowwhetheryouwillgototheparkornot.3)在句首时eg.Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican'tsay・4)whether还可以引导让步状语从句，意为“不管，无论”eg.Whetheritrainsornot,wearegoingtotheparktomorrow.2•语序：宾从用陈述句语序eg.1)1dont(A)knowwhether(B)willhe(C)come(D)tomorrow.2)Heasks(A)mewhen(B)willyou(C)comeback(D).3)CouIdyoutell(A)howmanyplayers(B)arcthere(C)in(D)afootballteam?3•时态主句宾语从句…般现在吋…切吋态•般过去吋过去范畴的某一时态（一般过/•吋；过公进行吋；过公完成时；过去将来时）shegoestoschooleveiyday.eg.1)Shesays(that)小地点home时省介词getto+地点\n但当后不接地点吋，只能用arrive\neg」)SheShanghailastnight.A.reachedtoB.gotC.airivedinD.anivedat2(Theythereintimeatlast.A.reachedtoB.arrivedC.gottoD.arrivedat3)Fllringyouupassoonashe(至0达).\ahne'.\)adj指“形体上的孤单”(只作表语)2)adv=byoneself^独鬥地，单独地"lonely:adj指“粘神上的孤独,寂寞(作表语、定语)25A26•工作2“方：可数名词work:不可数名词yourexercisebookhereeg.l)Sheisgirl2)Doyoufeelwhenyouare3)Theoldmanliveinahousegeton:上车(train;bus)getoff:下车(trainsbus)getint:_h(car;lift)getoutof:T(car;lift)eg.Ihave(A)many(B)worktodo(C).△Imuchtoo+形/副："太”27#[toomuch+不可数："太多"eg.l）Hegaveusmoney.2）Sheisyoung・bring:带來，拿來（靠近说话者）28/tcike\带走，拿走（远禺说话者）carry:I®，运，抬（不具方向性）eg.l)PleasetonioiTow.2)Meimeioftenhelpstheoldmanwater.somewhere:某地(用于肯定句)anywhere:任何地方(否、疑句)everywhere:到处；处处(用丁•肯定句)=hereandthereeg.—Ilookedformypencouldn'tfindit.—Don'twony.Soonerorlateryou'llfindit.30.toone^surprise使某人吃惊的是类似结构：loone'sjoy使某人高兴的是eg.Toourgreatsurprise,shecouldswimintheriver.使我们惊奇的是，他能在河里游泳。31ragreewith:同意某人(或某人所说的)[agreeto:同意某事eg.l)Heagreemyplan.2)1agreewhatyousaid.32.beon...team:参加队；是的队员eg.Heisonthecitybasketballteam.他是冠球队队员。八33.teachsb+科冃(当sb是人称代词吋应用宾格)eg.HeteachesourEnglish(改错)°34.the100-metrerace100米赛跑100-metre作定语，修饰race,注意metre用单数。类似结构：①atwo-thousand-wordletter一封■两千字的信②an18-year-oldgirl—位18岁的女孩另外有时还可用所有格形式来表达：100-metrerace=100metres?racetwo-monthholiday=twomonths'holiday但当前面有a/an;物主代词；所有格时。则只能用复合形容词来表示：eg.WhatdidtheheadmastersayaboutJim'sA.twomonthsholidayB.Twomonths'holidayC.two-monthholidayD.twomoth'sholiday35.problem与question/question:指人们主观上产生而提出等待回答的问题。常与ask,answer连用«problem:指客观上存在等待解决的问题着重指"难题”。常与solve,workoutI连用rborrow:借进borrow...from从…借3§.lend:借出lendsbsth=lendsthtosb“把某物借给某人keep:保存；借(多久)(与时间段连用)从37.It's+adj+of/forsbtodosth.\n45主语是人当形容词用于修饰人时，介词用Of.常见的此类形容词有:kind;good;clever;careful;polite;right;wrong.其余情况用for.1)It'sverycleveryoutodothat.2)It'shardmetoworkouttheproblem.more:另外的；额外的(放在数呈词之JGanother:再一(另)(放在数量词之前)1)May1havetwoapples?2)MayIborrowonebook?usedto+动原:过去常常做…beusedto+动原：被用于做…be/getusedtosth:习惯丁•某事1)Heusedtobelateforschool.2)Theknifeisusedtocutthings.3)Heisuesdtohardwork.rother:放在被修饰词之前^4oJelse:放在被修饰词Z后，一般修饰不[定代词和疑问词1)otherstudents别的学生2)anybodyelse.其它任何人whatelse.别的什么41.rso+形/副]such+形十名'但注意：1)so+形+a/an+单名二sucha/an+形+单名2)so(many/much/few/little)+名3)so...that;such...that如此…以致…①Itwasbadweathe匚②Therearemanypoorinthecountry・③fewanimalseatmuchgrass.④Thiscityisold.you'dbettervisitit.⑤It'simportantpartyIcan'tmissil.•have/hasbeento:曾经去过…、42「have/hasgoneto:已经去了…・have/hasbeenin:已在…(多久)丿注意：1)后接地点副词here,there,home时应省介词2)与时间段连用只用have/hasbeenin①-Where'sTom?—HeBeijing.②IBeijingseveraltimes.③SheChengdufortwoyears-④Hetheretwice.△43.“短命”动词一►“长命”动词buy一have;borrow一keep;die一bedead;leave一beaway(from);comeback一beback;fallasleep一beasleep;open一beopen;catchacold—haveacold;go/getout—beout;aixive(reach/getto/cometo)+地点一bein+地点；join—bein+集体(或be+成员);turnon一beon;turnoff—beoff;getaletterfrom一havealetterfi-om.end/finish一beover;getup—beup;44.rexcept:除…以外(不包括除去的部分)ibesides:除了…，还有…(包括除公的部分)1)WegotoschooleverydayexceptSunday.该句意味着：WegotoschoolfromMondaytoSaturday.2)WeallwenttotheparkbesidesLiLei.该句意味着：Wewenttothepark,andLiLeiwent,too./take:Ittakesbsometimetodosth.Ionsth、•spend^timdmone\\(m)doingsthpay(money)forsthbuysthfor+money'cost:sthcostsb+money主语是物1)1tenyuanonthebook・2)1tenyuanforthebook・3)Thebookmetenyuan.4)1thebookfortenyuan.5)Itmeanhourtodothemathsproblemone/ones、it/thenio④不定代词（区别二者与三者;单数还是复数；肯定还是否定）5）动词：①时态、语态（主谓一致、动词各种变化形式是否正确）及非谓语形式\n——不定式和动名词。②动词短语的固定形式（如listento与listen）«③区别近义词（如hear与listento）。6）数词：判定该基数词还是序数词（以及序数词的变化形式）。7）介词：正确区别、运用介词。8）连词：正确区别、运用连词。（二）从句子结构判定所用词是否恰当（重点从句子成分的角度着手，该用何词性）。（三）注意固定搭配（如thewayto...）<>重点短语1.asetof（一）套/组/副2.allover=around/throughout遍及…的每个部分•aslongas长达3.・asmuchas多达astallas高达4.adoctoi\/brchildren儿童医生5.ranumberof许多（作主为复数）Ithenumberof…的数日/号码（作卞为单数）6.assoonaspossible尽可能早地，尽快7.aswell=too也；又；同样地8.atthebeginningof在…初；开始9.attheageof在…岁时10.atsea在大海上11.ratleast至少;起码[atmost最多12.aplaceofinterest=placesofinterest名胜13.allowsbtodosth允许某人做某事14.beabroad出国15.beableto=can能；会16.beafraidof害怕17.beexcitedaboid对…感到兴奋18.beamazedat对…感到惊讶19.bemadeof由…组成；由…构成20.beproudof以…自豪（高兴）21.beworthdoing…值得做22.befilledwith=befullo[装满；充满23.becoveredwith被…覆盖24.rbeforelong=soon不久以后longbefore很久以前25.betodo打算做；将要做「beused/brsth/doingsth用于…26.{beusedas被当作…来使用^beusedby被…使用27.breakintwo裂成两半28.rbebusydoing忙于做…[bebusywithsth忙于某事29.既…又…；两者都30.begone'spardon请原谅；对不起31.bythetime在…吋候以前32.cometrue实现33.comeupwith提岀；提供34.cutdown砍倒；砍伐35.caiTyon坚持下去；继续下去36.cometoone'sears传入（某人的）耳朵37.carrysbto皿血y把某人带到安全地38.rcarftwaitfodosth迫不及待做某事Ican^helpdoins情不自禁地做某事39.dropoff放下（某物）：下车40.deservetodo做…理所应当41.eventhough即使42.eversince从那时起；此后一直43.encouragesbtodosth鼓励某人做某事44.escapedoi哝逃脱做某事45.faraway很远；遥远46.fromnowon从今以后；今后47.findsbdo加父sth发现某人做某事48.feedon/upon以…为食49.rfeellikedoi凹=wanttodo想要做某事I=wouldliketodo“giveupsth放弃某事50.vgiveupdoin父sth放弃做某事=stopdoigsth\n1.goover一遍；复习；仔细检查2.getaninjection打针；注射3.get...back退还…；送回去4.givebirthto生孩子5.gostraightalon^j沿着…应接走6.handin交上來7.haveatry尝试；努力\n5&hearof/about听说59.humanbeing人60.handsup举手61.have...off有…的休息62.have/hasgot=have/has有63.chavenothingtodowith与…无关[havesomethingtodowith与…有关64.hourafterhour一小时一小时地；连续地65.havesthdone请人做某事66.rinthisway用这种方法\indifferentways以不同的方法67.Itseemsthat+从句：似乎：好象6&Itissaid据说68.inhistory历史上69.rinafewyear'stime儿年时间后=inafewyears70.keepoff避开；防止71.liveon继续存在，继续活着；靠…为牛.72.rleave+地点：离开某地丨leavelor+地点：动身公某地；前往某地73.makesure确保；确认;查明74.moreorless或多或少75.makeadecision作岀决定76.makeamistake犯错误77.makeaprogress取得进步78.makeupone'smind卜决心79.multiply...by....以…乘以…80.rmakesb+形:使某人如何Imakemehappy使我愉快rmakeacontributiontosth为某事做准备82.5makeacontributiontodoin^sthl为做某事做准备83.nomatterwhat=whatever无论什么84.notonly...butalso不但…而且85.ondisplay陈列；展览86.onshow展出87.rontheotherhand另一方面：反过来说Iontheothersideof在…的另一血88.onbusiness经商89.ronceuponatime从前；很久以前I=long,longago90.openup开放；开业：开设91.pickup捡起；拾起92.rpointat指着；指向（近物）〔pointto指向…（远物）93.putoff推迟；拖延94.putup挂起；举起95.prefertodoratherthando宁愿做…而不愿做…96.runaway流失；逃跑；逃走97.rushout冲出去98.regard...as把…当作…；当作99.rreceive/哭etaletterfrom收到某人的来信I-hearfrom100.sendup发射;把…往上送101・setone'smindtodo一心想做…102.shutdown把…关上103.slowdown减缓；减速104.sofar到目前为止105.sothat以便；以致{somemorebooks另外的书twomorebooks另外的两本书=anotherfwobooks107.speakhighlyof称赞108.spillover溢川109.thankstortl于二becauseof:幸亏110.thinkabout考虑lll.rthinkof认为；想起（thinkmuch/alotof对…评价高；看重112.rturndown调低；调小iturnup调高；调人113.tiyout实验；尝试usedto+动原•.过去常常（做）114beusedto+被用来做…<~be/getusedtosth习惯于某事be/getusedtodoingsth习惯于做某事rwhatdoyoumean如…?…是什么意思115/=whatdoes...mean?J=what'sthemeaningof...?116.rwhatfsthepopulationof…的人口是多少Ihaveapopulationof有…的人口117.what...for=vvhy为什么118.rwarnsbabout/ofsth警告某人某事丫warnsbagainstdoig警告某人别做某事119.rwithone'shelp在某人的帮助下I=withthehelpof120.wearout穿破；穿烂121.washaway冲走