高中英语代词总复习 9页

高中英语语法知识词法部分讲解---------代词及练习一.概念:代词是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词,英语的代词使用得很广泛；汉语代词用得较英语少许多。eg.①Becausehehadabadcold,Jackdecidedtostayinbedthewholeday.②TheBrownssaidtheymightmovetoCalifornia.③Bobalwaysanswershisteacher’squestionswell;thatshowsthatheworksveryhardathome.④Ihadachatwithourgroupleader.Itwasveryhelpful.二、代词的种类：按其意义,特征及其在句中的作用分为:1.人称代词(personalpronoun):主格:Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格:meyouhimheritusyouthem2.物主代词(possessivepronoun):形容词性:myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性:mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs3.反身代词(reflexivepronoun):单数:myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfoneself复数:ourselvesyourselvesthemselves4.相互代词(reciprocalpronoun):eachother;oneanother5.指示代词(demonstrativepronoun):单数:thisthatitsuchsame复数:thesethosesuchsame6.疑问代词(interrogativepronoun):who;whom;whose;which;what。7.关系代词(relativepronoun):who;whom;whose;which;that;as。8.不定代词(indefinitepronoun):some;something;somebody;someone;any;anything;anybody;anyone;no;nothing;nobody;noone;every;everything;everybody;everyone;each;much;many;little;alittle;few;afew;other;another;all;none;one;both;either;neither。三、相关知识点精讲1.人称代词:1)人称代词的人称、行、数和格,如下表所示:数人格称单数主格第一人称I我第二人称you你第三人称阳性阴性中性2)人称代词的指代:顾名思义,人称代词表示人。然而，人称代词并不全指人，也指物。eg.----Wherearetheplates?---Theyareinthecupboard.3)人称代词的功用:(i)有主格和宾格之分,通常主格作主语,宾格作宾语。eg.①Iliketabletennis.(作主语)②Doyouknowhim?(作宾语)(ii)人称代词还可作表语,作表语时用宾格。eg.---Whoisknockingatthedoor?---It'sme.(iii)人称代词后,如跟有who或that引导的从句,则常用主格。eg.It’sIwhodidit.\n(iv)人称代词单独使用时,一般不用主格而用宾格。eg.①---I’dliketogobackinhere.----Me,too.②---Willanyonegowithhim?----Notme.(v.)人称代词在as和than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时,如果用作介词,用宾格。如果用作连词，则用主格。eg.①Heisolderthanme./HeisolderthanIam.②Edwardisasgoodastudentashim./Youaretallerthansheis.(vi)在感叹句中,人称代词宾格可用作主语,起强调作用。eg.①Megetcaught！②HimgototheStates！(vii)we和you可用作同位结构的第一部分。也使用we和you泛指一般人eg.①Wegirlsoftengotothemoviestogether.②Heaskedyouboystobequiet.(viii)使用she代表国家、船只、月亮、大地等eg.Chinaisagreatcountry．Shehasalonghistory．(Xi)并列主语或宾语中顺序是：you，he(she)andI；we，youandtheyeg：----Iloveyoumorethanher,child.----Youmeanmorethan_________loveherormorethansheloves_________A.you；me　　B.I；you　　C.you；you　　D.I；me2.物主代词：1)表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词.物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。2)形容词性物主代词的作用：(i)形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,可在句中作定语。eg.①Ourteacheriscomingtoseeus.②Thisisherpencil-box.(ii)与own连用其强调作用。eg.①Isawitwithmyowneyes.②Mindyourownbusiness!***如进一步强调可加very。eg.I’dlovetohavemyveryownroom.***此结构还可以与of连用。eg.①Ihavenothingofmyown.②TheWangshadnochildrenoftheirown.(iii)形容词性物主代词有时可有定冠词the代替。eg.①Hereceivedablowonthehead.②Abeestungheronthenose.③How’sthefamily?3)名词性物主代词的作用:(i)名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词,在句中可用作主语,宾语和表语。eg.①Ourschoolishere,andtheirsisthere.(作主语)②---IsthisEnglish-bookyours?(作表语)---No.Mineisinmybag.(作主语)③I'vealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Haveyoufinishedyours?(作动词宾语)④Herdaughterisratherstupid,butbothofyoursareveryclever.(作介词宾语)(ii)用作礼貌用语。eg.①Yourssincerely(truly,faithfully).您的忠诚的(忠实的,可以信赖的)。(信尾)②AHappyNewYeartoyouandyoursfrommeandmine.(iii)of+名词性物主代词:@表部分概念:eg.Heisafriendofmine./Isheaneighborofyours?构成双重所有格@有感情色彩:eg.Lookatthatbignoseofhis!/Thisdogofoursneverbites.3.反身代词:英语中用来表示"我自己","你自己","他自己","我们自己","你们自己"等意义的代词称为反身代词,也有人称之为自身代名词。1)反身代词的作用:(i)作动词的宾语,表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者,主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。eg.①Hecalledhimselfawriter.②WouldyoupleaseexpressyourselfinEnglish?③Sheallowedherselfarest.④Youmayhurtyourselfifyouplaywiththeknife.⑤Wegaveourselvesup.⑥LittleTomisonlyfour,buthecanfeedhimself,washhimselfanddresshimself.(ii)作介词的宾语。eg.①Thedooropenedofitself.②Youmustkeepthesecrettoyourself.***表位置的介词后,反身代词用人称代词宾格替代。eg.①Ilookedaroundme.②Heshutthedoorafterhim.③Themotherdrewthechildrentowardsher.\n****在某些介词之后,用反身代词和人称代词宾格均可。eg.①Thereareseveninthefamilybesidesme/myself.②Exceptforus/ourselves,thewholevillagewasasleep.③Sandra’ssisteriseventallerthanher/herself.(iv.)作表语。eg.①Itdoesn'tmatter.I'llbemyselfsoon.②Thegirlinthenewsismyself.③Thatpoorboywasmyself.④Bobisnotquitehimselftoday.(v.)作主语或宾语的同位语,表示亲自或本人.eg.①Imyselfwashedtheclothes.(=Iwashedtheclothesmyself.)(作主语同位语)②Youshouldasktheteacherhimself.(作宾语同位语)/Imyselfcanrepairthebike.(作主语同位语)(vi.)反身代词与介词的搭配用法:@foroneself:亲自eg.You’llhavetoseeifhehasgonetoschoolforyourself.@ofoneself:自动地eg.Thecomputercanshutoffofitself.@inoneself:本质、本身eg.Jimisnotbadinhimself,butheisalittleshy./buthe’ssoweak-minded.(优柔寡断)@tooneself:独自享用eg.Onewouldratherhaveabedroomtooneself.@byoneself(=alone;withouthelp):单独地eg.Onecan’tplaytennisbyoneself.@besideoneself:(由于气愤/激动等)发狂;忘形eg.Hewasbesidehimselfwithjoywhenheheardhehadpassedtheexam.@betweenoneselves:保密;不外传eg.Betweenourselves,IthinkMr.Smithhasnotquitegotoverhisillnessyet.(vii)反身代词与动词的搭配用法:@beoneself:处于正常状态;显得自然eg.①Sheisquiteherselftoday.②I'mnotquitemyselftoday．我今天不大舒服。@enjoyoneself:玩得愉快eg.①Weallenjoyedourselvesatthepartyyesterday.②Haveyouenjoyedyourselftoday?你今天玩得愉快吗？@seatoneself:坐下eg.Pleaseseatyourselves,everybody!@dressoneselfin…:穿……eg.Shealwaysdressesherselfinred.@helponeself:随便吃……;自行取用eg.①Themoneywasonthetableandnoonewasthere,sohehelpedhimselftoit.②Don'tgetnervous，helpyourselftowhatyoulike．别紧张，喜欢吃什么就吃什么。@cometooneself:苏醒eg.Amomentlater,hecametohimself.@makeoneselfathome:不要客气eg.①Hemadehimselfathomewheneverhecametomyhome.②Makeyourselfathome．不要拘礼；请随便吧。@devoteoneselfto:专心于…;献身于…eg.MyteacherdevotedherselftoEnglishteaching.@findoneselfin/at…:发觉自己来到…eg.Whenhewokeup,hefoundhimselfinhospital.@applyoneselfto:专心致志于……eg.Youwouldpassyourexamsifyouappliedyourselftoyourstudy.@adaptoneselfto:适应于……eg.Ittookhimawhiletoadapthimselftohisnewsurroundings.@thinkforoneself:独立思考eg.Youshoulddevelopthegoodhabitofthinkingforyourself.@absentoneself:缺课、缺勤eg.Hehadabsentedhimselffromtheofficefortheday.@behaveoneself:使(自己)举止良好eg.IwantyoutobehaveyourselveswhileI’maway.@boastoneself:自夸eg.Heisalwaysboastinghimself.4.相互代词:表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有eachother和oneanother两种形式。在当代英语,eachother和oneanother没有什么区别。相互代词的所有格分别为eachother’s和oneanother’s。1)相互代词的作用:(i)作宾语:eg.①Weshouldlearnfromeachother/oneanother.(作宾语)②Doyouoftenwritetoeachother/oneanother?(作宾语)\n(ii)定语.作定语用时,相互代词用所有格形式.eg.①Weoftenborroweachother's/oneanother'sbooks.(作定语)②Theylookedintoeachother’seyesforasilentmoment.(作定语)③Thestudentscorrectedeachother's/oneanother'smistakesintheirhomework.(iii)each和other可分开使用。eg.①Eachofthetwinswantedtoknowwhattheotherwasdoing.②Eachtriedtopersuadetheothertostayathome.5.指示代词:1)指示代词的形式:this,that,these,those。2)指示代词的含义：指示代词与定冠词和人称代词一样,都具有指定的含义,它们所指的对象取决于说话者和听话者共同熟悉的语境。eg.Ilikedthismovietodaybetterthanthatconcertlastnight.3)指示代词的作用:(i)主语eg.①Thesearen’tmybooks.②Who’sthatspeaking?(ii)宾语eg.①Shewilldothat.②Howdoyoulikethese?(iii)表语eg.①Mypointisthis.我的意思是这个。②Oh,it’snotthat.噢，问题不在那儿。(iv)定语eg.①ThisbookisaboutChinesetraditionalmedicine.②Ilikethoseflowers.(v)状语eg.①Thebookisaboutthisthick.(“这么”表示程度)②Idon’twantthatmuch.4)this(these)与that(those)的用法:(1)this(these)一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人;that和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人。eg.①Thisisapenandthatisapencil.②Wearebusythesedays.③Inthosedaystheworkershadahardtime.④I’llcometoseeyouoneofthesedays.(2)有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物,this和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物。eg.①Ihadacold.That'swhyIdidn'tcome.②WhatIwanttosayisthis;pronunciationisveryimportantinlearningEnglish.(3)有时为了避免重复提到的名词,常可用that或those代替。eg.TelevisionsetsmadeinBeijingarejustasgoodasthosemadeinShanghai.(4)this在电话用语中代表自己,that则代表对方。eg.Hello!ThisisMary.IsthatJackspeaking？(5)用于固定习语:@likethis:像这样eg.Ihaveneverseenherlikethisbefore.@thisandthat:这那eg.Whentheoldfriendsmet,theywouldtalkaboutthisandthat.@that’sallright:(不用了)没关系eg.---Ihaveacaroutside.I’llgiveyouaridehome.---Oh,that’sallright.Itisn’tmuchofawalk.@forallthat:尽管如此eg.ItwasMay,butforallthattherainwasfallingasintheheaviestautumndownpours.@morethanthat:更重要的的是eg.Sheisyoungandbeautiful.Morethanthat,sheishappy.@and(all)that:(BrE.)等等eg.Didyoubringthecontractand(all)that?@That’swhy…:那就是为什么eg.I’mthinkingofyourfuture,youknow.That’swhyI’mgivingyouapieceofadvice.@atthat:eg.Itwasinthedeadofthenight,andacoldnightatthat.那是深夜,而且是一个寒夜。@that’sthat:就是这样;就这样定了eg.WellI’mnotgoing,andthat’sthat.@thatis(tosay):也就是说;即;换句话说eg.You’llfindherveryhelpful—ifshe’snottoobusy,thatis.(6)Such的用法:指示代词such意谓“这样”,具有名词和形容词的性质,在句中可用作以下成分:(i)主语eg.①Suchislife.②Suchoftenoccurredinthosedays.\n(ii)宾语eg.Takefromthedrawersuchasyouneed.(iii)表语eg.ThebookisnotsuchthatIcanrecommendit.(iv)宾语补语eg.Ifyouareaman,showyourselfsuch.(v)定语eg.Theforeignvisitorssaidtheyhadneverseensuchcitiesbefore./Suchmenusuallysucceed.注意:such+a+n(单数)eg.Heissuchahero.(vi)suchas/such…as:as是关系代词eg.①Chinahasrichresources,suchasoil,coalandiron.②Suchbooksasthesearerare.***suchastodosth.eg.Hiscarelessnessissuchastomakeitunlikelythathewillpasshisexam.(vii)such…that:that是连词eg.Heshutthewindowwithsuchforcethattheglassbroke.比较:①Hereissuchabigstonethatnomancanliftit.(that:conj.引导结果状语从句)②Hereissuchabigstoneasnomancanlift.(as:关系代词,引导定语从句)(viii)such用于固定词组:@nosucheg.I’lldonosuchthing./Thereisnosuchthingasafreelunch.@…andsuch:诸如此类的事物/人eg.JustbeforeChristmastheywantedhelpwithtreesandsuch.@anysuch:eg.Anysuchrequestissuretobeturneddown.@somesuch:eg.Somesuchstorywastoldtomeyearsago.@everysuch:eg.Oneverysuchoccasiondozensofpeoplegetinjured.@assuch:严格说来;从字面上看eg.----Well,didtheyofferittoyou?-----No,notassuch,buttheysaidIhadagoodchance.@suchas:例如;…等等eg.Opportunitiessuchasthisdidnotcomeeveryday.@suchasitis/theyare:(数量不多或质量不好时说)虽说不多;尽管不好eg.Thefood,suchasitwas,wasservedatnineo’clock.(IX)such引起倒装句，谓语数取决于后面主语的数：e.g①Suchismyanswer.②Suchareourpeople．注意：做定语，注意和so的区别，尤其是在so…that，such…that句型中。e.g.①Ihaveneverseensuchbeautifulflowers．(复数名词前，so不可)②Ihaveneverseensuchagreatfilm．(也可为sogreatafilm)③Wehavesuchbeautifulweathertodaythatweshouldgooutforanouting．(不可数词前，不可用so)/④Therearesomanypeopleinthehallthatit'shardformetofindhim．(在数量概念的many，much，little，few之前，不可用such)(7)Same的用法:指示代词same意谓“同样”,具有名词和形容词的性质,常与定冠词连用,在句中作以下成分:(i)主语eg.Thesameisthecasewithme.(ii)宾语eg.Wemustallsaythesame.(iii)表语eg.It’sallthesametome.(iv)定语eg.Healwayssitsinthesamechair.(v)状语eg.Thankyouallthesame.(vi)thesame…as/thesame…that的用法:比较:①Idon’tfeelthesameaboutyouasIdid.我现在对你的看法和过去不一样了。②Iliveinthesamedistrictthat(=as)helivesin.我和他住在同一个区。③Iliveinthesamedistrictthathelives.解析:①句中的as不可换成that，因为引导方式状语从句。②that可换成as，因为二者都是关系代词。但是③that是关系副词则不可换成as。(vii)用于固定习语:@all/justthesame:尽管如此;虽是这样eg.①Idon’tthinkhe’llwishtoseeme.ButI’llcomeallthesame.②Allthesame,there’ssometruthinwhatshesays.\n③----Willyoustayforlunch?----No,butthanksallthesame.@muchthesame:基本一样eg.----Howishetoday?----Muchthesame.@beallthesametosb.:对某人无关紧要/无所谓eg.It’sallthesametomewhetherweeatnoworlater.@oneandthesame:同一个人/事物eg.Itturnsoutthatherauntandmycousinareoneandthesame.原来她姑妈就是我表姐。@(the)sameagain:(spoken)同样地(饮料)再来一份eg.Sameagainplease!@samehere:(spoken)我也一样;我也是eg.----Ican’twaittoseeit.----Samehere.@(the)sametoyou:(回应问候,辱骂等)你也一样eg.----Getlost!----Sametoyou!(8)So的用法:指示代词常作以下成分:(i)宾语eg.----Iwillwritetoday.----Doso.(ii)表语eg.Beitso.这样就行。(iii)用于省略句eg.①----Idon’tlikehim.----Whyso?=Whyisthatso?②----Oh!I’vefinished.----SOhaveI.(9)it的基本用法:(1)用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物。eg.①Goandseewhoitis.②---Whoisthat?---It’sthepostman.③Thetrainhasarrived.Itarrivedhalfanhourago.④JohnlikesplayingPing-pong/Healwaysdoesitintheafternoon．(指代上下文提到的事物)；(2)用以代替提示代词this,that。eg.①—What’sthis?—It’saknife.②—Whosewatchisthat?—It’smine.(3)起指示代词的作用，指一个人或事物。eg.—Whoisknockingatthedoor?—It’sme.(4)指环境情况等。eg.Itwasverynoisy(quiet)attheverymoment.(5)指时间、季节等。eg.①—Whattimeisit?—It’seighto’clock.②Itoftenrainsinsummerhere.③Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer．④It'sveryquietatthemoment．(可指时间、天气、环境等)(6)指距离。eg.①Itisalongwaytotheschool.②Howfarisitfromheretoyourhome?(7)作形式主语。eg.①Itisnoteasytofinishtheworkintwodays.②Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.③Itisaspitythatyoudidn’treadthebook.④It'simportantforustolearnasecondlanguage．⑤It'snousetalkingtohim．⑥It'sknowntoallthattheearthgoesroundthesun．(8)作形式宾语。eg.①Ithinkitnousearguingwithhim.②IfounditveryinterestingtostudyEnglish.③Hemadeitclearthathewasnotinterestedinthatsubject.④Wefeelitourdutytohelpothers．⑤Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity.(9)用于强调结构。强调结构：Itis(was)+被强调部分＋that(或who)…注意:在强调结构中，如被强调部分为时间状语或地点状语，其后的连接词也绝不能为when或where，而应用that。在复习中，一定要注意句式的不同。eg.①ItwasinShanghaithatIboughttheguitar．(that引起强调句)　　②ItwasShanghaiwhereIboughttheguitar．(where引起定从)　　③Itwastwelveo'clockwhenwearrivedthere．(when引起时间状语从句)　　④Itwasattwelveo'clockthatwearrivedthere．(that引起强调句)⑤ItwasXiaomingwhom(that)Imetinthestreetlastnight.⑥ItwasinthestreetthatImetXiaominglastnight.⑦ItwaslastnightthatImetXiaominginthestreet.⑧ItwasIwhometXiaominginthestreetlastnight.(10)含有“Itis…”的句型@Itistime(forsb.)todosth.eg.Itistimeforustoputourheartintostudy.\n@Itis(high)timethatsb.didsth.(虚拟语气)eg.①Itis(high)timethatweshouldstudyhardnow/westudiedhardnow.②It'stimewewenthome(11)Itis+形容词（+of/forsb.）+todosth.通常用of的词有brave,clever,careful,hopeless,kind,good,naughty,nice,silly,stupid,foolish,wise等。(12)Itis+形容词+that+sb.+(should)dosth.（虚拟语气）eg.①Itisnecessarythatweshouldsaveourtimetodosomethingusefulratherthanplaycomputergamesallday.②Itwasstrangethathe(should)comesoearly.(13)Itisthe+序数词+that+主语+现在完成时|Itwas+the+序数词+that+主语+过去完成时eg.①It’sthefirsttimethatIhavebeenhere.②Itwasthesecondtimethathehadseenthefilm.(14)Itisuptosb.todosth…应由某人做某事。eg.Itisuptoyoutodecidewhetherwestartornot.6.疑问代词:疑who:(主格,谁)问whom:(宾格,谁)(只能指人)它们都具有单数或复数概念。疑问代词用于问句中，代whose:(属格,谁的)一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。词what:(什么)(可指人或物)what除指人与物外;还可以表示时间、数量等。which:(哪个,哪些)1)疑问代词的作用:(i)主语eg.Whoisgoingtocomeheretomorrow?(ii)表语eg.Whatisthat?(iii)定语eg.Whoseumbrellaisthis?(iv)宾语eg.Whomareyouwaitingfor?2)疑问代词引导间接疑问句:eg.①Tellmewhoheis.②Doyouknowwhathisnameis?3)疑问代词(who;what;which)+ever(=onearth)加强语气。eg.①Whoeverareyoulookingfor?②Whateverdoyoumean?③Whicheverdoyouwant?4)各词具体用法:@用于疑问句:eg.Whoputthatlightout?/Whotoldyouso?(1)who:主格,只有名词性质@用于修辞性疑问句:eg.Whocouldblameyou?/Whowouldhavethoughtofthat?(2)whom:宾格,只有名词性质@Whom(=Who)areyoutalkingabout?/Bywhomisthelettersigned?@Whodidyoumeetthere?(口语)?/Igaveitaway.Towhom{who(口语)}?(3)whose:属格,和物主代词一样,有名词和形容词性质@定语:eg.Whoseumbrellaisthis?(形容词性)@表语:eg.Whoseisthispicture?(名词性)(4)what:亦有名词和形容词性质@用于疑问句①Whatmakesyouthinkthat?(主语)②Whatishe?(表语)③Whatareyoudoing?(动词宾语)④Whatwashespeakingtoyouabout?(介词宾语)⑤Whatquestiondidheask?(定语)@用于修辞性问句及感叹句Whatmoredoyouwant?(其含意是“你该知足了”)Whatafineday!@用于省略句eg.Somethingisthematter,butIdon’tknowwhat./I’lltellyouwhat.(5)which:亦有名词和形容词性质@Thisismycopy,whichisyours?(定语)@Whichofthestoriesdoyoulikebest?(宾语)@Whichofyouwillgowithme?(主语)5)疑问代词的用法比较:(1)who与what:who多指姓名、关系等;what多指职位、地位等。(2)who与which:who对人数未加限制;which对人数有限制。\n(3)what与which：what不限制范围;which限制在一定的范围。7.关系代词:说明:关系代词是一种引导定语从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词。关系代词有who,whose,whom,that,which.它们在句中可用作主语,表语,宾语,定语。在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词(即先行词)。eg.①Ihatepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.(主语)②I'mlookingatthephotographwhichyousentmewithyourletter.(宾语)③Withthemoneythathehadsaved,hewentonwithhisstudies.(宾语)④Doyouknowtheladywhoisinterviewingourheadmaster?(主语)⑤Heistheman(whom)youhavebeenlookingfor.(宾语)⑥Youaretheonlyonewhoseadvicehemightlistento.(定语)⑦Sheisnolongerthepersonwhosheusedtobetenyearsago.(表语)8.(缩合)连接代词:连接代词由于其形式和功用与关系代词相似,所以归入关系代词的范畴。（缩合）连接代词主要由先行词与关系代词缩合而成，多用于引导名词性从句（即主从、宾从、同位语从句和表语从句）。eg.①WhatIwantiswater.(主从)连接代词what=thatwhich②WhatIwantareapples.(主从)主who=anyone/thepersonwho③IeatwhatIlike.(宾从)要that=he/themanwho④ThatiswhatIhavetosay.(表从)有whatever=anythingthat⑤Thenewsthathehasgoneabroadistrue.(同为从)whoever=anypersonwhowhichever=anyonewho/which9.不定代词:概念:不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。不定代词表示各种程度和各种类型的不定意义。他们在逻辑意义上是数量词，具有整体或局部的意义。分类：1)普通不定代词:some,any,no|somebody,anybody,nobody,someone,anyone,noone,something,anything,nothing|one;none2)个体代词(all,every,each,other,another,either,neither,both,half|everybody,everyone,everything)3)数量代词(many,much,few,little,afew,alittle,alotof,lotsof,agreatdeal,agreatmany)具体用法说明:不定代词在句中可作主语,表语,宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词举例说明如下:1)some的用法:说明:(i)some多用于肯定句,表示"一些,几个"作形容词时,后面可以接:不可数名词+单数动词eg.Somericeinthebaghasbeensoldout./Givemesomewater,please.可数名词+复数动词eg.Look!Some(ofthe)studentsarecleaningthelibrary.(ii)some+单数可数名词,意谓“某个”eg.①Someboywrotethiswordontheblackboard.②He’slivingatsomeplaceinDandong.(iii)some多用于肯定句中；但亦可用于疑问句大多表示“请求”或“建议”，希望回答yes(同意)。eg.①Willyougetmesomematches?②Wouldyoulikesometea?(iv)some用于疑问句,有时表示反问。eg.Didn’thegiveyousomemoney?(v)some用于修饰数词,表示“大约”。eg.Ithappenedsometwentyyearsago.2)any的用法:说明:(i)any:表示"一些,任何"用作形容词时,后面可以接:不可数名词+单数动词eg.Thereisn'tanyorangeinthebottle./Haveyougotanytea?可数名词+复数动词eg.Ifyouhaveanyquestions,pleaseaskme.(ii)any多用于疑问句。\neg.①--Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?--Ican'tseeany.②Arethereanystampsinthedrawer?③Doyouknowanygooddoctor?(any+单数可数名词)(iii)any用于否定句或从句中,常与never,without,seldom,hardly等词连用。eg.①Therearenotanybooks./Thereisn’tanywater.②Heneverhadanyluck.③Hewentawaywithoutsayinggood-byetoanyofus.④Nowheseldomhasanyvisitors.(iv)any用于if或whether引导的宾语从句中。eg.①Letmeknowifyouhearanynews.②Iwonderifyouhavemetanyofthesepeoplebefore.(v)any用于条件句中。eg.①Ifyouhaveanynews,callmeuprightaway.②Ifthereisanynewnews,tellmeatonce.(vi.)any用于肯定句中,表示“任何”,通常重读;通常修饰单形可数名词(有时修饰复数)和不可数名词。eg.①Comeanydayyoulike.②Anytimeyouwantme,justsendforme.(vii)any:adj.eg.Isthereanywater?n.eg.Getmesomeifyoufindany./Idon’tthinkthatanyofmyfriendshaveseenthem.adv.+比较级eg.Issheanybetter?/Hewastootiredtowalkanyfurther.3)复合不定代词的用法说明:不定代词some,any,no与-one;-body;-thing可组成12个复合代词，它们只有名词性质。