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高中英语重点辨析词语1.damage,harm,hurt,injure,ruindamage:主要指造成价值、效用、完整性方面的损坏,多用于无生命的东西。Thewatertheyhadthrownovereverythingtoputoutthefiredamagedthebooks.harm:主要用于有牛命的东西,偶尔也用于无牛•命的事物,常指伤及一个人的健康、权利、事业等。Thoughheknowsclearlythatsmokingharmshishealth,hesimplycannotgiveitup.hurt:尤其指感情或身体遭受创伤。Mylittleboyfelloffaladderandhurthimself.Youhurtmyfeelings!injure:尤指在事故中受伤,或损害,伤害名誉、口尊等。Threepeoplewerek川edandfiveinjuredinthecrash..ruin:破坏,使毁坏,这种破坏是使某物价值或用处失去。Mynewshoesgotruinedinthemud.2.can&beableto都可以表示能够。can有能力做某事,只有现在式和过去式两种形式。beableto表示要经过一番努力才能做到的事,可用于各种吋态,不能用与can连用。IfIconcentrateonthework,I'llbeabletoworkouttheproblem.I'llbeabletospeakFrenchinanotherfewmonths.3.gratefulto&gratefulfor都表示感谢。gratefulto指对……表示感激,其屮的介词to表示对象,宾语通常是人或组织团体。gratefulfor指为……表示感激,其小的介词for表示原因,宾语通常是某一件事。I'llbeverygratefultoyouifyouwillgivemeanearlyanswer.We'regratefulforallthatyou'vedonetous.介词to和for可同时与grateful连用,to短语应置于for短语之前。Theywereparticularlygratefultousforourtimelyhelp.4・exhausted,tired,tiresome都与疲劳、疲倦有关。exhausted:筋疲力尽的,疲惫不堪的,语气最强。形容人因劳累过度而再无剩余梢力或耐力继续做某事。在句中町作表语、状语。当它形容物,如资源等时,意为耗尽。Iwastoomuchexhaustedtowakeeasilywhenonceasleep.tired:累的疲倦的,普通用词,泛指由于工作紧张或英他原因导致的疲乏,也可表示厌倦,不耐烦。常用于短语betiredof(doing)sth..庆倦做某事。sureyoumustbetiredaftercyclingallthatdistanee.WhenIfirstgottoU.S.A,Iwastiredofeatingsuchkindoffoodashamburgereveryday.\ntiresome:令人厌倦的,讨厌的,指描写得毫无趣味,易让人生厌的人或事物,也指单调垂复的工作使人感到疲劳。Thedifficultyofabstractstatementsmademylearningverytiresome.5.familiarwith&familiarto都表示熟悉。familiarto介词to后接人称名词或代词的宾格形式。Thissubjectisfamiliartous.Thesearetherulesthatarefamiliartoeveryone.familiarwith介词with后接事物名词。TheyarefamiliarwithEnglish.Weareallfamiliarwiththethreestatesofmatter.6・glad&happy&pleasedglad高兴的,乐意的。指一时短暂而强烈的喜悦,只用于人。只能作表语,不作定语,后接介词of短语,不定式或that从句。gladofyoursuccessinthegames・happy幸福的,高兴的。隐含一-种强烈的满足感,可用于人或事物。它可作定语及表语,后口J接介词about,at,over,with短语及不定式或that从句。Thestoryhasahappyend・pleased喜悦的,满足的。指持续时间较长的喜悦,只能用于人。它多作表语,很少被用作定语,它的后而可接介词at,about,with短语,不定式或that从句。Thereisnothingtobepleasedabout.Motherwaspleasedwithmyfullmarkinarithmetic・7.base&basis表示基础基地。base用来指某物体的具体的“基础“或底部的“支柱”。Wecampedatthebaseofthemountairi・Ourcompan/sbaseisinNewYork,butwehaveextendedmanybranchesallaroundtheworld.basis则用来表示抽象意义上的”基础”。Whafsthebasisofyouropinion?Wearewillingtodevelopeconomicrelationswithallcountriesonthebasisofmutualbenefits・8・fairly,quite,rather都用来表示程度。fairly相当、还算,是这组词中语气最弱的一个。quite相当、或多或少地,在某种程度上语气比fairly稍强。rather相当、冇点、颇,语气最强。\nfairly只用于修饰褒义的形容词和副词。如:Sheisfairlyclever.rather主要用于修饰贬义形容词和副词。ill:ratherpoor/bad/stupid/uglyorather可与too或比较级连用,而fairly和quite则不可。如:Mymotherisratherbettertoday.9.select&electselect指在广泛的范围中进行有斟酌的梢选,淘汰的意味较重,其后须跟名词或代词作宾语。Mostofthedelegatestotheconferenceareselectedfromadvancedworkers・Itisdifficulttoselectgoodmaterialsformiddleschoolstudentstoread・elect最普通的意思是通过正式手续或投票形式的选举,其后须跟人或职称名词作宾语。Weelectedhimmonitor.TheyelectedJimmyCarter(as)President.Theyelectedhimtotakepartinthecompetition.10.gone&lost&missinggone表示丢了,没了,含有一去不复返的意味,在句屮可作表语和补足语,但不能做定语。Myfeverisgone,butIstillhaveacough.Shelookeddownatherdressandfoundhernecklacegone.lost表示丢失,含有失去后难以回归的意味,在句中可作定语,表语和补足语。Theparentsfoundthelostchildatlast.Hiselderbrotherwaslostatsea.missing表示失踪了,不见了,强调某人或某物不在原处,在句小可作定语,表语和补足语。Mydictionaryismissing.Thepolicearetryingtheirbesttofindthemissinggirl.11.goodat&goodwithgoodat指披长某一科目,某种业余消遣或某种活动,其后接名词或动名词。Heisgoodatfindingcheapflights.Wearenotonlygoodatdestroyingtheoldworld・Wearealsogoodatbuildingthenewone.goodwith通常指善于使用、处理某物或对待某人,其后通常接表示工具,人体器官或人的名词。Sheisgoodwithherhands.Heisgoodwiththesetools.Sheunderstandschildren,sosheisgoodwiththem・