高中英语语法50154057 5页

虚拟语气I.要点表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的书面语屮。1、虚拟语气的构成情景条件从句的谓语动词主句的谓语动词与现在事实相反动词过去式(be要用were)should+动词原形would与过去事实相反had+过去分词should+have+过去分词wou1d与将来事实相反1、动词过去时2、should+动词原形3、wereto+动词原形should+动词原形would注：如果条件从句谓语动词包含Wwere或had,should,could有时可将辻省去,但要倒装。如：Hadyou(Ifyouhad)invitedus,wewouldhavecometoyourparty.2、虚拟语气在各种从句的应用(1)在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等，其谓语形式是Should(nJ*省)+动词原形〃，常用于以下三种句型中。句型一:Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc)that***\n句型二：Itisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc)that•••旬型三：Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc)that••-女II：Itisstrangethathe(should)havedonethat.Itisapitythatho(should)besocareless.Itisrequestedthatwo(should)besocareless.(2)在宾语从句中用于suggest,propose,move,insist,desire,deniand,request,order,command等动词后的宾语从句中，表间接的命令和建议。其谓语形式是〃(should)+动词原形〃。如：Isuggestthatwe(should)goswimming.(3)在表语从句中，表示间接的命令，要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是suggestion,proposal,request,orders,idea等。从句谓语形式是〃(should)+动词原形〃。如：Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)leaveatonce.(4)在同位语从旬中，谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形〃。如:Wereceivedorderthattheworkbedoneatonco.(5)在Itistimethat••-句型中，其谓语动词形式是"动词的过去式"或"should+动词原形，z,should不可省。如：It'stimethatwewent(should)gotoschooLII.例题例1Wehadhopedthathelonger.AstaysBhavestayedCstayedDwouldstay解析：该题正确答案为D。hadhoped表示〃本希望"，同样用法的动词述有think,expect等，后而的句了需用虚拟语气例2/zMarywantstoseeyoutoday".\nIwou1drathershetomorrowthantoday.AcomesBcameCshouldcomeDwillcomo解析：该题止确答案为B。wouldrather后面的从旬盂用虚拟语气，用动词过去时表示。^03Hadshebeenolder,sheitbetter.AhaddoneBmighthavedoneCmightdoDwou1ddo解析：Hadshebeenolder=Ifshehadbeenold.故该题正确答案为B□各种从句I.要点根据从句在句中的句法功能，从句可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。1、名词性从句(1)主语从句Whathewantsisapieceofpaper・Itisbelievedthathecansolvetheproblem.注：主语从句的谓语动词用单数。(2)宾语从句Idon'tknowhowtosolvetheproblem・Doyouknowwherehelives?(3)表语从句Theproblemiswhocanhelpme.ThisiswhyIcamehere・(4)同位语从句Ihavenoideawherehewent.Iheardthenewsthathowouldcome.同位语从句用that引导,常跟在fact,idea,news,promise,thought,message,hope,belief,doubt等词后，that在从句中不作任何成分。2、定语从句\n在复合句中，修饰某•名词或代词，或修饰整个主句的从句叫做定语从句，引导定语从句的关系代词冇who,whom,whose,which,that,as,和关系制词when,where,whyo(1)that指物时一般可与which互换,但在下列情况下,要用that而不用whichoa.先彳亍词有all,everything等不定代词时，如，Everything(that)hedidiswrong・b.先行词被all,every,no,some,any,1ittle,much等修饰时，女口，I"11readallthebooks(that)youlendme.c.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，Thisisthefirstletter(that)theboyhaswritten.d.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时,如Hoistheveryman(that)I'mlookingfor・e.只用which的情况在介词后或在非限定性定语从句中Thisisthebookaboutwhichwehavetalkedalot.Thebook,whichhegavemeyesterday,isveryinteresting・f.where和when作关系副词ThisistheroomwhereIworked.ThisistheroomwhichIstayedin.Irememberedthedaywhenwelivedthere.IrememberedthedaythatIspentthere・g.as和whichas可以放于句首,而which不可以Asyouknow,heisgoodatEnglish.threeofthem和threeofwhichIhavealotofbooks,threeofwhichareinRussian.IhavealotofbooksandthreeofthemareinRussian.3、状语从句在复合句中起状语作用的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句对分为时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、目的状语、结果状语、条件状语、行为方式状语、比较状语、让步状语等多种。II.例题例1、Iacceptthegiftorrefuseitisnoneofyourbusiness.A.IfB.WhetherC.EvenifD.Nomatterwhen\n解析：该题答案为BowhethernJ以和or连用，if不可以,此外if一般仅用于宾语从句。例2、Thewaythesecomradeslookatprob1emsiswrong.A.whereB.inthatC.XD.withwhich解析：该题答案为C,先行词是way，定语从句中用that或inwhich来引导或不填。例3,alongtimesinceIsawyoulasttime.A.ItwasB・ItisC・IthadbeenD・Itcanbe解析：该题答案为乩Itis+吋间数+since引导的从句是一个句型，意为〃从…时候以来过了多久了。〃