高中英语常用前后缀 15页

高中英语常见前后缀一、前缀a-1.无、不、非：amoral(非道德性的)2.意为in,on,at,by,with,to：asleep(在熟睡中)3.加强意义：aloud大声的ac-有at,to之意或表示加强意义：accompany(陪伴)ad-有at,to之意或表示加强意义：adventure(冒险)an-加强或引申意义：announce(宣布)ante-前、先：anteroom(前室，接待室)anti-反对、相反；防止：antiwar(反战的)auto-自己、自动：autobiography(自传)automaticautonomousbe-1.使……；使成为……：befool欺骗，愚弄；2.加强……，饰以……，用……（做某事）：becloud遮暗，遮蔽；3.在：beside(在……旁边)4.加强或引申意义：befall(降临；发生)bene-善、好：benefit(恩惠，利益)bi-两、二：bicolor(两色的)bicycleby-旁、侧；(非正式)副：byroad小路circum-周围、环绕：circumplanetary环绕行星的co-共同：coaction共同行动col-共同：colleague(同事)\ncom-1.共同：combine联合；结合。2.加强或引申意义：commix混合con-1.共同：concolorous同色的；2.加强或引申意义：conclude结束，终结contra-反对、相反：contraposition对照；针对cor-1.共同；互相：correlation相互关系；2.加强或引申意义：correct纠正counter-反对、相反：contramarch(反方向行进)de-1.否定、非、相反：denationalize(非国有化)2.除去、取消、毁：desalt(除去盐分)deflower3.离开：detrain下火车；4.向下、降低、少：depress(压低、压下)5.加强意义：design(计划、设计)deca-十：decameter(10米)deci-十分之一：decimeter(十分之一米，1分米)demi-半：demigod半神半人di-二、双：disyllable双音节dia-贯通、对穿、透过、二者之间：dialogue(对话)di(s)-1.不、无；相反：dislike(不喜欢)2.取消、除去、毁：discolor(使退色)disabilitydisableddisadvantage　disagreedisagreement　disappeardisappointdisappointed　discount　discourage　discover　discovery3.加强意义：disport(分开、裂开)\n4.分开、离散：divorce(离婚)em-1.置于……之内，上……：embus(装入车中、上车)2.用……做某事；饰以……；配以……：embank(筑提防护)3.使成某种状态；致使……，使之如……；做成：embrown着褐色en-1.用……做某事；饰以……；配以……：encloud(阴云遮蔽)encourage(ment)enjoy(able)2.使成某种状态；致使……，使之如……；做成：enlarge(使扩大、放大)3.加在动词之前，表示in或只做加强意义：enclose(围入、关进)ex-1.出、外、由……中弄出：export(出口)2.前任的、以前的：ex-soldier(退伍军人)extra-以外、超过：extraordinary(格外的)fore-前、先、预先：foretell(预言)forecastforeheadforeseehector-百：hectometer(100米)hemi-半：hemisphere(半球)il-（在l之前）不、无、非：illogical(不合逻辑的)illegalim-（用在b,m,p之前）1.不、无、非：impossible(不可能的)2.向内、入：import(输入、入口)immigration　impress　impression　3.使成……：饰以……；加以……：impulse(冲动)in-1.不；无；非：informal(非正式的)independent2.内，入：inside(内部、里面)income3.使……；作……：inspirit(使振作精神)inter-1.在……之间；……际：international(国际的)2.互相：interview(会见)\nintra-在内、内部：intraday(一天之内的)intro-向内、入内：introduce(引入、介绍)ir-（用在r之前）不、无：irregular(不规则的)kilo-千：kilometer(千米、公里)kilogrammacro-大、宏、长：macro-world(宏观世界)micro-微：micro-world(微观世界)microscope　microwavemilli-（也作mille-或mill-）1.千分之一、毫：millimeter(毫米、千分之一米2.千：millennial(1000年的)mini-小：miniskirt(超短裙、迷你裙)minibus　minimum　mis-误、错、恶、不：misunderstand(误解)mistakemistakenmulti-多：multiparty(多党的)multiplynon-1.不：nonsmoker(不抽烟的人)2.非：non-natural(非天然的)3.无：nonparty(无党派的)out-1.胜过、超过：outdo(胜过、战胜)2.过度、太、甚：outsit(坐得太久)3.外、出：outdoor(户外的)outdoorsoutcomeoutsideoutputoutwards4.除去：outgas(除去气体)over-1.过度，太、甚：overstudy(用功过度)overweight2.在上、在外、从上、超过：overcoat(外套、外衣)overheadoverlook3.颠倒、反转：overturn(倾倒、颠覆)overcomepan-全、泛：Pan-American(全美洲的、泛美的)\npost-后：postwar(战后的)postgraduate(研究生，大学毕业后的)pre-1.前：prewar(战前的)previous2.预先：pre-examination(预试)predictpreviewre-1.回、向后：return(回来，返回)regress(倒退，退步)2.再、重复、重新：rebuild(重建，再建)refreshretellreviewrevision3.相反、反对：reaction(反动；反应)reactse-离开、分开：select(精选)semi-半：semicircle(半圆)Sino-中国（的）：Sino-American(中美的)Sino-Tibetan(汉藏语系)step-后、继：stepmother(后母，继母)stepbrother(异父或异母兄弟)sub-1.下：subway(地下铁道)subscribe2.次、亚、准：subtropics(亚热带)3.稍、略、微：sub-acid(略酸的)4.副；分支；下级：subhead(副标题)subtitle5.接近：sub-teen(接近13岁的小孩)6.更进一层，再：subdivide(再分，细分)7.用于化学名词表示化合物成分少的：sub-oxide(低氧化物)super-1.超、超级：super-speed(超高速的)supermarket(超级市场)superiorsuperb2.上：superstructure(上层建筑)3.过度、过多：superheat(过热)sym-（用在p,b,m前）共同、相同：sympathy(同情)symphonysyn-共同、相同：synonym(同义词)syn-tony(共振、谐振)\ntele-远:telescope(望远镜)telephonetelevisiontrans-1.越过、横过、超：transnational(超越国界的)2.转移、变换：translate(翻译)transplant(移植)transformtransporttri-三：triangle(三角形)tri-cat(三轮汽车)twi-二、两：twi-fold(两部，双重)twi-forked(两叉状的)twicetwinun-1.不：unhappy(不快乐的)unableunbearableunbelievableuncertainuncomfortableunconditionalunconsciousunfairunfitunfortunateunlikeunrestunusualunwilling2.无：unmanned(无人驾驶的)3.非：unjust(非正义的)4.未：unfinished(未完成的)unemployment5.相反动作、取消、除去：unlock(开锁)uncap(脱帽)uncover(揭开盖子)6.由……中弄出：un-house(把……赶出屋)under-1.下：underground(地下的)underline2.（用于衣服）内：underwear(总称)内衣3.不足、少：under-dress(穿衣太少)4.副、次：under-king(小王)vice-副：vice-president(副总统)vice-chairman(副主席)with-向后、相反：withdraw(撤回、撤退)二、后缀1.名词后缀(1)从事某种职业或动作的人1)-an,-ian表示“……地方的人，精通……的人”：American,historian,African,Tibetan,Asian,\nChristian,civilian,consultant,librarian,musician,pedestrian,physician,politician,servant2)–al表示“具有……职务的人”：principal,criminal,official,3)-ant,-ent表示“……者”：merchant,agent,student,accountant,adolescent,agent,applicant,assistant,consultant,servant,president4)–ar表示“……的人”：scholar,liar5)-ard,-art表示“做……的人”：coward6)–arian表示“……派别的人、……主义的人”：humanitarian,vegetarian7)–ary表示“从事……的人”：secretary,missionary8)–ate表示“具有……职责的人”：candidate,graduate9)–or表示“做……的人”：educator,speculator(投机者),actor,conductor,director,editor,operator,sailor,visitor10)–crat表示“某种政体、主义的支持者”：democrat,bureaucrat11)–ee表示“动作承受者”：employee,examinee12)–eer表示“从事于……人”：engineer,volunteer,pioneer13)–er表示“从事某种职业的人,某地区、地方的人”：banker,observer,Londoner,villager,driver,farmer,foreigner,hunter,interpreter,lawyer,leader,manager,officer,owner,painter,photographer,prayer,prisoner,reporter,ruler,settler,shaver,shopkeeper,smoker,speaker,taxpayer,teacher,traveller,user,villager,waiter,winner,writer,worker14)–ese表示“……国人，…..地方的人”：Japanese,Cantonese15)–ess表示“阴性人”：actress,hostess,ambassadress,headmistress,mistress,waitress,16)–ian表示“……地方人，信仰…….教的人，从事……职业的人”：Asian,Christian,physician(内科医生),musician,civilian,librarian,pedestrian,physician,politician,17)–ian表示“精通者，……家”：electrician,magician,technician18)–ist表示“……家、…….者、…….能手、从事……研究者、信仰……主义者”：\nartist,chemist,communist,cyclist,dentist,journalist,novelist,physicist,pianist,receptionist,scientist,socialist,specialist,tourist,typist,violinist19)–ic表示“……者、……师”：mechanic,critic20)–ie表示“爱、小”：dearie,auntie21)-ine,-ina表示“阴性人称”：heroine,ballerina(女芭蕾舞者)22)–logist表示“……学家、研究者”：biologist,geologist(地质学家)23)–ster表示“做…….事情的人”：youngster,gamester(赌徒)(2).构成抽象名词1)–acy表示“性质、状态、境遇”：accuracy,diplomacy2)–age表示“状态、行为、身份、结果”：carriage,storage,marriage,postage3)–ala)表示“动作、过程”：refusal,arrival,survival,denial,approval,trialb)表示具体的事物：manual,signal,editorial,journal,chemical,memorial,musical,terminal4)-ance,-ence表示“性质、状况、行为、过程、总量、程度”：absence,acquaintance,adolescence,allowance,appearance,assistance,coincidence,competence,consequence,convenience,defence,diligence,difference,distance,entrance,endurance,evidence,existence,guidance,importance,independence,insurance,intelligence,existence,obedience,offence,patience,performance,preference,reference,significance,silence,violence5)-ancy,-ency表示“性质、状态、行为、过程”：frequency,urgency,efficiency,tendency,6)–bility表示“动作、性质、状态”：possibility,feasibility7)–craft表示“工艺、技巧”：woodcraft,handicraft,statecraft（治国策）8)–cracy表示“统治、支配”：bureaucracy,democracy9)–cy表示“性质、状态、职位、级别”：bankruptcy(破产)，supremacy10)–dom表示“等级、领域、状态”：freedom,kingdom,wisdom11)-ery,-ry表示“行为、状态、习性”：bravery,bribery,rivalry12)–ety表示“性质、状态”：variety,\n13)-faction,-facture表示“……化、作用”：satisfaction,manufacture14)–hood表示“资格、身份、年纪、状态”：childhood,manhood,falsehood15)–ice表示“行为、性质、状态”：notice,justice,service16)–ine表示“带有抽象概念”：medicine,discipline,famine17)–ing表示“动作的过程、结果”：building,writing,learning18)-ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,-ition表示“行为的过程、结果、状况”：action,solution,conclusion,destruction,expression,correction,explanation,19)–ise表示“性质、状态”：exercise,merchandise(商业)20)–ism表示“制度、主义、学说、信仰、行为”：socialism,criticism,colloquialism,heroism,21)–(i)ty表示“性质、状态、程度”：purity,reality,ability,calamity,activity,anxiety,authority,electricity,equality,guilty,identity,majority,minority,nationality,possibility,responsibility,safety,security,society,22)–ment表示“行为、状态、过程、手段、结果”：treatment,movement,judgment,punishment,argument,achievement,advertisement,adjustment,agreement,amusement,appointment,arrangement,assessment,commitment,development,disagreement,encouragement,entertainment,equipment,government,pavement,requirement,settlement,statement,unemployment23)–mony表示“动作的结果、状态”：ceremony,testimony24)–ness表示“性质、状态、程度”：goodness,kindness,tiredness,friendliness,darkness,happiness,illness,sadness,sickness,weakness,25)-or,-our表示“动作、性质、状态”：favor,error26)–osity表示“动作、状态”：curiosity27)–ship表示“情况、性质、技巧、技能、身份、职业”：hardship,membership,friendship,ownership,relationship,scholarship28)–th表示“动作、性质、过程、状态”：depth,wealth,truth,length,growth,strength,warmth,29)–tude表示“性质、状态、程度”：latitude,altitude(海拔)\n30)–ure表示“行为、结果”：exposure,pressure,failure,procedure(手续)31)–y表示“行为的结果、状态、性质”：glory,history,victory,inquiry,beauty,difficulty,(3)带有场所，地方的含义1)–age表示“住所、地点”：village,cottage2)–ary表示“住所、场地”：library,granary(谷仓)3)-ery,-ry表示“工作场所、饲养所等地点”：laundry,nursery,surgery(手术室)4)–ory表示“工作场所、住处”：factory,dormitory,laboratory,observatory(4)带有学术、科技含义1)–grapy表示“……学、写法”：biography,calligraphy,geography2)-ic,-ics表示“……学、……法”：logic,mechanics,optics,electronics3)–ology表示“……学、……论”：biology,zoology,technology(工艺学)4)–nomy表示“……学、……术”：astronomy,economy,bionomy(生态学)5)–ery表示“学科、技术”：chemistry,cookery,machinery6)–y表示“……学、术、法”：photography,philosophy(5)表示人和事物的总和、集合1)–age:baggage,tonnage2)–dom:newspaperdom(新闻界)3)–hood:neighbourhood,womanhood4)–ery:cavalry,ministry(内阁)5)–ure:legislature,judicature(6)表示物品、物质名称1)-ant,-ent:solvent,constant2)–al:signal,pictorial(画报)3)-ar:collar,pillar(石柱)\n4)–er:barrier,boiler,computer,washer,cooker,recorder,carrier,cleaner,container,cooker,drawer,eraser,laughter,poster,prayer,receiver,rubber,ruler,sharpener,shaver,sneaker,speaker,sweater,thriller,typewriter,zipper5)–or:razor,refrigerator,6)–ery:drapery(绸缎)7)–ing:clothing,matting8)–ment:instrument,equipment,attachment(7)表示“细小”的含义1)–cle:particle2)–cule:molecule(分子)3)–el:parcel4)–en:chicken,maiden5)–et:pocket,ticket6)-etta,-ette,-etto:cigarette,essayette(短文)7)–kin:napkin8)–ling:duckling9)–let:booklet10)–y:baby,doggy2.形容词后缀（1）带有“属性、倾向、相关”的含义1)-able,-ible:movable,comfortable,applicable,visible,responsible,changeable,valuable,accessible,admirable,available,enjoyable,flexible,horrible,impossible,portable,reasonable,reliable,suitable,terrible,unbearable,unbelievable,uncomfortable,valuable2)–al:natural,additional,educational,actual,agricultural,botanical,central,conventional,digital,facial,fundamental,gradual,international,medical,memorial,musical,national,official,optional,physical,personal,political,practical,racial,skeptical,social,spiritual,technical,terminal,theoretical,traditional,unconditional,universal,vertical,visual,vital3)-an,ane:urban,suburban,republican4)-ant,-ent:distant,important,excellent,absent,abundant,adolescent,apparent,brilliant,confident,consistent,convenient,different,elegant,evident,excellent,fluent,fragrant,frequent,important,independent,innocent,instant,merchant,patient,permanent,pleasant,pregnant,relevant,silent,urgent,violent,5)–ar:similar,popular,regular,familiar,6)–ary:military,voluntary,contemporary,contrary,primary7)-ic,-atic,-ical:politic,systematic,historic,physical,chemical,commercial,confidential(机密的，保密的),electrical,8)–ine:masculine,feminine,marine9)–ing:moving,touching,daring\n10)–ish:foolish,bookish,selfish11)–ive:active,impressive,decisive12)–ory:satisfactory,compulsory13)-il,-ile,-eel:fragile,genteel(文雅的)(2)表示“相象，类似”1)–ish:boyish,childish2)–esque:picturesque3)–like:manlike,childlike4)–ly:manly,fatherly,scholarly,motherly5)–some:troublesome,handsome6)–y:milky,pasty,salty,tasty,rainy,cloudy,sunny,wealthy,(3)表示“充分的”含义1)–ful:beautiful,wonderful,helpful,truthful2)–ous:dangerous,generous,courageous,various,ambiguous,anxious,cautious,curious,famous,humorous,mountainous,nervous,obvious,poisonous,precious,previous,religious,ridiculous,serious,unconscious,3)–ent:violent(4)表示由某种物质形成、制成或生产1)–en:wooden,golden,woolen2)–ous:gaseous3)–fic:scientific(5)表示方向的含义1)–ern:eastern,western2)–ward:downward,forward(6)表示“倍数”的含义1)–ble:double,treble2)–ple:triple3)–fold:twofold,tenfold(7)表示“数量关系”的含义1)–teen:thirteen2)–ty:fifty3)–th:fourth,fiftieth(8)表示“国籍、语种、宗教”等1)–an:Roman,European2)–ese:Chinese3)–ish:English,Spanish(9)表示“比较程度”\n1)–er:greater2)–ish:reddish,yellowish3)–est:highest4)–most:foremost,topmost(10)其他的含义-less表示否定countless,stainless,wireless,breathless,careless,endless,hopeless,regardless,stainless,tasteless,useless,3.动词后缀1)-ize,-ise表示“做成，变成，……化”：modernize,mechanize,democratize,advertise,advise,apologize,organize,practise,realize,recognize,2)–en表示“使成为，引起，使有”：quicken,weaken,soften,harden,frighten,ripen,sharpen,strengthen,3)–ify表示“使……化,使成”：beautify,purify,intensify,signify,simplify,clarify,classify,satisfy,simplify,terrify4)–ate：separate,operate,indicate,accelerate,accumulate,advocate,allocate,appreciate,associate,calculate,celebrate,circulate,communicate,compensate,concentrate,congratulate,decorate,donate,educate,evaluate,graduate,hesitate,negotiate,operate,participate,relate,tolerate,translate,violate4.副词后缀1)–ly:possibly,swiftly,simply2)-ward,-wards:downward,inwards,upward(s),afterward(s),backward(s),forward,outward(s),straightforward,toward(s),westward(s),3)–ways:always,sideways4)–wise:otherwise,clockwise否定前缀：un-:加在形容词前,如：unimportant,unable；加在动词前undo,如uninstall;im-：一般加在以字母b，m，p开头的单词前(b八p婆m们--)如：imbalance不平衡的，immoral不道德的，impossible不可能的;ir-:以字母r开头的单词，如：irregular不规则的，irrelative无关系的;il-:以字母l开头的单词，如：illegal不合法的，illogical不合逻辑的;in-：以其他字母开头的单词。如：inhuman不人道的，injustice不分开的，inseparable不可分的，incorrect\n不正确的，inactive不活跃的;dis-:加在某些动词或名词前构成反义词，如dislike,disaffirm,dishonesty,disadvantage,disability,non-:nonverbal非语言的,non-aggression不侵犯，不侵略，non-believer没有信仰的人，不信上帝的人，non-human非人类的，不属于人类的（对比inhuman无人性的，冷漠的）;根据其语义功能的不同分为四类：①non-、in-、a-的意义相当not；②de-属于逆转前缀，它把词干所表示的动作进颠倒；③under-是表示”不充分”、”不完全”的程度前缀；④anti-和counter-表示一种反对的态度。例子：atypically:nottypicallydecode:todiscoverthemeaningofsomethingwritteninacodeundermanned:nothavingenoughworkerscounterattack:anattackmadetostop,oppose,orreturnanenemyattack否定后缀：英语中只有三个否定后缀：-less、-free、-proof。-less和-free均有not和without之意，其句法功能都是把名词转变成形容词。例如：hatless:notwearingahattimeless，countless，speechless，homeless，breathless，aimless例如：salt-free:withoutsaltstress-free（无压力的），carefree（无忧无虑的），tax-free（免交税的）-proof的词干常为名词，词干加上-proof后用作形容词或动词。\n例如：abulletproofcar:acardesignednottobeharmedbybullets（tobulletproofacar:tomakeacarbulletproof）再如：waterproof（防水的），flameproof（防火的），shockproof（防震的；防电击的），lightning-proof（防雷的）补充前缀well-，ill-：well-prepared，well-organizedill-prepared，ill-organized