高中英语句型结构 7页

高三英语关键句型72种1．It作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型Shehadsaidwhatitwasnecessarytosay.2．强调句型Itisnotwhorulesusthatisimportant,buthowherulesus.3．"All+抽象名词"或"抽象名词+itself"（very+形容词）Hewasallgentlenesstoher.4．利用词汇重复表示强调Acrimeisacrimeacrime.5．"something（much）of"和"nothing（little）of""somethingof"相当于"tosomeextent"，表示程度。在疑问句或条件从句中，则为"anythingof"，可译为"有点"，"略微等。""译为毫无"，"全无"。"muchof"译为"大有"，"notmuchof"可译为"算不上"，"称不上"，"littleof"可译为"几乎无"。somethinglike译为"有点像，略似。"Theysaythathehadnouniversityeducation,butheseemstobesomethingofascholar.6．同格名词修饰是指of前后的两个名词都指同一个人或物，"of"以及它前面的名词构一个形容词短语，以修饰"of"后面的那个名词。如"heroldsharperofafather"，可译为："她那骗子般的父亲"。Thosepigsofgirlseatsomuch.7．as…as…can（may）beItisasplainasplaincanbe.8．"Itisin（with）…asin（with）"Itisinlifeasinajourney.9．"asgoodas…"相等于，就像，几乎如；实际上，其实，实在。Themerchantasgoodaspromisedtheorphanboy,thathewouldadopthim.10．"manyaswell…as"和"mightaswell…as""manyaswell…as"可译为"与其……，不如……，更好"，"以这样做……为宜"，"如同……，也可以……"等等。"mightaswell…as"表示不可能的事，可译为"犹如……"，"可与……一样荒唐"，"与其那样不如这样的好"等等。Onemayaswellnotknowathingatallasknowitimperfectly.11．"tomake…of"的译法（使……成为……，把……当作）Iwillmakeascientistofmyson.12．oo…+不定式"，not（never）too…+不定式"，"too…not+不定式Sheistooangrytospeak.13．only(not,all,but,never)too…todoso"和"tooready(apt)+todo"结构中，不定式也没有否定意义，凡是"not"，"all""but等字后+"too…to，"不定式都失去了否定意义，在"tooready（apt）+todo"结构中，不定式也没有否定意义。Youknowbuttooyelltoholdyourtongue.14．"nomore…than…"句型Ahomewithoutloveisnomoreahomethanabodywithoutasoulisaman.15．"notsomuch…as"和"notsomuchas…"结构，"notsomuch…as"="notsomuchas…"，其中as有进可换用butrather，可译为："与其说是……毋须说是……"。而"not\nsomuchas"="without（not）even，"可译为"甚至……还没有"。Theoceansdonotsomuchdividetheworldasuniteit.16．"Nothingismore…than"和"Nothingisso…as"结构，"Nothingismore…than"和"Nothingisso…as"都具有最高级比较的意思，"NothingI"可换用"no"，"nobody"，"nowhere"，"little"，"few"，"hardly"，"scarcely"等等，可译为"没有……比……更为"，"像……再没有了"，"最……"等。Nothingismorepreciousthantime.17．"cannot…too…"结构,"cannot…too…"意为"Itisimpossibletooverdo…"或者，即"无论怎样……也不算过分"。"not"可换用"hardly"，"scarcely"等，"too"可换用"enough"，"sufficient"等Youcannotbetoocareful.18．"否定+but"结构，在否定词后面的"but"，具有"whichnot"，"whonot"，"thatnot"，等等否定意义，构成前后的双重否定。可译成"没有……不是"或"……都……"等Nothingissobadbutitmighthavebeenworse.19．"否定+until(till)"结构，在否定词"no"，"not"，"never"，"little"，"few"，"seldom"等的后边所接用的"until/till"，多数情况下译为"直到……才……"，"要……才……"，把否定译为肯定。Nobodyknowswhathecandotillhehastried.20．"notso…but"和"notsucha…but"结构，这两个结构和"否定+but"的结构差不多，不同之点是这两个结构中的"but"是含有"that…not"意味的连续词，表示程度。可译为"还没有……到不能做……的程度"，"并不是……不……"，"无论怎样……也不是不能……"等。Heisnotsosickbuthecancometoschool.21．"疑问词+should…but"结构，这个结构表示过去的意外的事，意为"none…but"，可译为"除了……还有谁会……"，"岂料"，"想不到……竟是……"等。Whoshouldwriteitbuthimself?22．"whoknowsbut(that)…"和"whocouldshould…but"结构，这个结构是反问形式，一般意译为"多半"，"亦未可知"等等，有时也可直译。Whoknowsbut(that)hemaygo?23．"祈使句+and"和"祈使句+or"结构，"祈使句+and"表示"If…you…"，"祈使名+or"表示"if…not…，you。Addlovetoahouseandyouhaveahome.Aadrighteousnesstoacityandyouhaveacommunity.Aadtruthtoapileofredbrickandyouhaveaschool.24．"名词+and"结构，在这个结构中，名词等于状语从句，或表示条件，或表示时间。Aword,andhewouldlosehistemper.25．"as…,so…"结构，这里的"so"的意思是"inthesameway"（也是如此）。此结构表明两个概念在程度上和关系上相似。Asrusteatsiron,socareeatstheheart.26．"ifany"结构，"ifany"和"ifever"，意思是"果真有……"，"即使有……"，表示加强语气。与此类似的还有："ifanything"（如有不同的话，如果稍有区别），"ifaday"（=atleast，至少）。Thereislittle,ifany,hope.27．"beitever(never)so"和"letitbeever(never)so"结构，这里，"beit"中的"be"是古英语假设语气的遗留形式，现代英语则使用"letitbe"。"everso"和"neverso"都表示同一意思，都表示"very"。\nBeiteversohumble(letitbeeversohumble),homeishome.28．"thelast+不定式"和"thelast+定语从词"结构，这种结构中的"last"意思是"theleastlikely"，用于否定性推论。可译为"最不大可能的"，"最不合适的"，由原意的"最后一个……"变成"最不可能……的一个"。Heisthelastmantoacceptabride.29．"so…that…"句型，这个句型的意思是"如此……，以致于……"，但在翻译成汉语时，许多情况下，并不是一定要译成"如此……以致于……"，而是变通表达其含义。Heransofastthatnobodycouldcatchhimup.30．"more+than+原级形容词（副词）"结构，这是将不同性质加以比较，其中的"more"有"rather"的意思。Itismorethanprobablethathewillfall.31．"morethan+动词"结构，这种结构表示动词的程度，可译为"异常"，"岂止"，"十二分地"等。Thismorethansatisfiedme.32．"goodand…"的副词用法，译为"非常"，"很"等。类似还有"niceand…","fineand…,""lovelyand…","brightand…","rareand…","bigand…"等，均表示程度。Theapplesaregoodandripe.33．"andthat"结构，这个"andthat"应译为"而且……"，表示对它前面陈述部分的语气加强，"that"代表前面的整个陈述部分。Returntoyourwork,andthatatonce.34．"atonce…and"结构，这个结构译为"既……又……"，起相关连接的作用，相当于"both…and…"。Thenovelisatoncepleasingandinstructive.35．"inthat…"结构，这个结构的意思是"在那一点上（方面）"，可译为"因为"。类似的结构还有"inthis…"。Thebudgetisunrealisticinthatitdisregardsincreasedcosts.36．"thenamenotwithstanding"结构，这个结构中"notwithstanding"是介词，这个介词可以置前，可以置后，比如也可写成："notwithstandingthename"。起让步状语的作用。Somepeoplethinkofthestoragebatteryasasortofcondenserwhereelectricityisstored.Butthisisanentirelywrongconception,thenamenotwithstanding.37．"Every…not"和"All…not"结构，"Every…not"表示"不见得每个……都是……"；"All…not"表示"不见得所有……都是……"的意思。Everymanisnotpolite,andallarenotborngentlemen.38．"mayaswellnot…as"结构，此结构可译为"与其……不如不……"。Onemayaswellnotknowathingatallasknowitbutimperfectly.39．"haveonlyto…do"结构，此结构表示"只须（消）……就能……"的意思。WehaveonlytoturntothatextraordinarydiscoverymadebyEdisontoseethesignificanceofit.40．"not(no)…unless…"句型Noincreaseinoutputcanbeexpectedunlessanewassemblylineisinstalled.41．"better…than…"句型Bettermylifeshouldbeendedbytheirhate,thanthathatedlifeshouldbeprolongedtolivewithoutyourlove.\n42．"asitwere"是一个非常常用的插入语，意思是"好象"，"可以说"等。Apieceofironnearamagnet,thoughapparentlyseparatefromit,feels,asitwere,thethreadsofthisattachment.43．复杂结构，在下面例句中，由于anyone的定语从句过长，把谓语mustrealize提到定语从句之前。Thoughfaithandconfidencearesurelymoreorlassforeigntomynature,Idonotinfrequentlyfindmyselflookingtothemtobeable,diligent,candid,andevenhonest.Plainlyenough,thatistoolargeanorder,asanyonemustrealizewhoreflectsuponthemannerinwhichtheyreachpublicoffice.44．"not…anymorethan…"为："不能……，正如不能……"。Onecannotlearntosketchandexpresshimselfgraphicallyonlybyreadingaboutitanymorethanonecanlearntoswimwhilestandingbythepool.45．"Bythatasitmay"是"Letitbethatasitmay"的省略形式，是由"be"引起的另外一种假设结构，意思是"虽然如此，尽管这样"。Itissaidthatthenervepoisonisthemoreprimitiveofthetwo,thatthebloodpoisonis,sotospeak,anewproductfromanimprovedformula.Bethatasitmay,thenervepoisondoesitsbusinesswithmanfarmorequicklythanthebloodpoison.46．"ifatall"是一个由"if"引起的主谓结构不完整的短句结为"即将……"，"即使……"等。Icanseeonlywithgreatdifficulty,ifatall.47．由there引起的句型容易产生复杂的句子结构.Therehavebeenopeneduptothevastandexcellentscience,inwhichmyworkisthebeginning,waysandmeansbywhichothermindsmoreaccuratethanwinewillexploreitsremotecorners.48．"rangefrom…to…"结构。这是一个常见结构，译时很多情况下应变通处理，不能完全依靠辞典上的释义。Computerapplicationsrangefromanassemblylinecompletelyrunbycomputerstoachildrentoyrespondingtoremotesignals.49．"theway…"结构Ialwaysthoughtshewasacommon-sensepersonwhodiscussedthingsthewaytheyoughttobediscussed.50．复杂宾补结构Inrecentyears,thedevelopmentofsensitiveandaccuratemeasuringequipmenthasmadeitpossibletomeasuretheacuityofhearingofanyindividualatdifferentfrequencies.51．某些分隔结构1）动词短语相关部分被分隔（当"makeuseof"，"takenoticeof"，"payattentionto"，等动词短语变成被动语态时）。Useismadeofsolarenergyinheatinghouses.2）双重定语引起的分隔。Butthereisofcultureanotherview,inwhichnotsolelythescientificpassion,thesheerdesiretoseethingsastheyare,naturalandproperinanintelligentbeing,appearsasthegroundofit.52．"tobedoing…when…"是一个句型，多译为"某人正在做……时，突然……\n"。在简单的句子中容易看出，一旦句子变得复杂一些，可能就不太容易识别这种句型。Shesaidsheandafriendhadgoneouttodinnerthatnight,andwerewalkinghometogetheratabout10o'clock,whena"verybig,verytallman",accostedthemanddemandedtheirpurses.53．"too…to"句型ThenIrememberedhowoftenI,too,hadbeenindifferenttothegrandeurofeachday,toopreoccupiedwithpettyandsometimesevenmeanconcernstorespondtothesplendorofitall.54．"somuchthat…"句型ButhedevelopedgraduallyaverymusicalEnglish.Helearnttowritesentencesthatfallawayontheearwithamistylanguoranditdelightedhimsomuchthathecouldneverhaveenoughofit.55．"when"引导状语从句有时并不好译，不能一看到when从句就考虑译为"当……的时候"，它还有许多种译法。Anythingisbetterthannottowriteclearly.Thereisnothingtobesaidagainstlucidity,andagainstsimplicityonlythepossibilityofdryness.Thisisariskthatiswellworthtakingwhenyoureflecthowmuchbetteritistobeboldthantowearacurlywig.56．"not…because…"，有时可否定前面，有时可否定because本身，往往出现歧义。应根据上下文面判定。In1600theearthwasnotthecenteroftheuniversebecausethemajoritythensupposeditwas;nor,becauseshehadmorereaders,wasEllawheelerWilcoxabetterpoetthanFatherHopkins.57．"so…that,such…that"是一个普通的句型，但在同一个句子里有两处使用它却比较少见。Thetruthis,thatinonepointofview,thismatterofnationalliteraturehascometosuchapasswithus,thatinsomesensewemustturnbullies,elsethedayislost,orsuperioritysofarbeyondus,thatwecanhardlysayitwilleverbeours.58．"bydoing…"结构。这个结构的意思是"通过（做）……"，但翻译实践中不能拘泥于这种释义，不少情况下需要灵活变通。Thehippos,bydepositingdunginthewater,fedthefishthatsupportthestorksthatdestroytheraretrees.59．下面例句为一倒装句，主语很长，而且又含有非常复杂的句型。这是以形容词作表语的倒装，翻译实践中多把倒装部分译到最前面。Nolessobviousisthefacttherearegreatnumbersofpeoplesoconstitutedorsobroughtupthattheycannotgetsomuchpleasureoutofprocessesandexperiencesresultinginapoorerlifelessfullofmeaning.60．"what…of"句型IcannotsayofmyselfwhatJohnsonsaidofPope:Heneverpassedafaultunamendedbyindifference,norquitteditbydespair.IdonotwriteasIdo;IwriteasIcan.61．\n英语的一个习惯用法是：当否定谓语think（believe）时，实际上是否定其后面的宾语从句。否定就落在宾语从句上。这样宾语从句就变成了双重否定，译时可以按双重否定译，也可按肯定来译。Itisavaluablework.Idonotthinkanyonewritessowellthathecannotlearnmuchfromit.62．"tohavenot…(as)tosee…"中的不定式也有否定意味。Hehadnotthegoodbreedingtoseethatsimplicityandnaturalnessarethetruestmarksofdistinction.63．"Itoccurredtosb.that…"意为"突然想到"，"Itdawnedonsb.that…"."突然想起"等。从句是想起的内容。Irememberoncebeingonabusandlookingatastranger.Hesuddenlylookedbackatme-i.e.oureyesmet.Myinstinctivereactionwastoavertmygaze.ItoccurredtomethatifIhadcontinuedtomaintaineyecontact,Iwouldhavebeenrudeandaggressive.64．"Itfollowsthat…"="Ithappensasaresult…"常常被译为"由此可见"，"因此"，"从前"，"可以推断"等等。Itfollowsthatthehousewifewillalsoexpecttobeabletohavemoreleisureinherlifewithoutloweringherstandardofliving.Italsofollowsthathumandomesticservantswillhavecompletelyceasedtoexist.65．"that'sallthereistoit"，意思是"也不过如此而已"。可根据上下文视情况处理。IfI'mtouched,I'mtouched-that'sallthereistoit.66．"Thechancesarethat…"是一句型，译为"有可能……"。Thechancesareyouwillneverattemptthatspeedwithpoetryorwanttoracethoughsomepassagesinfictionoverwhichyouwishtolinger.67．Feel,see,leave引起宾语的宾语补足语，或在被动语态中引起主语补足语的某些惯用句型，有时see和feel这两个词的被动式不大好译。遇到这种情况应挖掘其深层含义，不要拘泥于表面形式。Theeducationoftheyoungisseentobeofprimaryimportance.68．某此以no,nowhere,never,not…bout,not…any,nothingbut,hardly,scarcely,seldom等否定词语引出的一些结构。InevergopastthetheatrebutIthinkofhislastperformance.69．某些用choicebetween,toknowbetter,whetheror,shouldhaveavoided(或donebetter)等表示从两种做法中选取一种更好的做法Thenwearefacedwithachoicebetweenusingtechnologytoprovideandfulfilneedswhichhavehithertobeenregardedasunnecessaryor,ontheotherhand,usingtechnologytoreducethenumberofhoursofworkwhichamanmustdoinordertoearnagivenstandardoflibing.70．某些省略情况，应清单确认省略的内容。Thecountryhadgrownrich,itscommercewaslarge,andwealthdiditsnaturalworkinmakinglifesofterandmoreworldly,commerceindeprovincializingthemindsofthoseengagedinit.71．修饰成分（包括定语、定语从句、同位语从句等）多而长。AcrossthecourtfromtheManhattanapartmentthatIhaveoccupiedforthepastfewyearsisadogthatoftenhurlsinsultsintothedarkness,afewofwhichmydogrefusestoacceptandmakesatartreply.72．\n一些外位语，所谓外位修饰，指从句子结构和内容上不起主要信息表达功能的部分。其作用是从语气和连接上下文等方面进行补充。在翻译成汉语时，往往可独立成句，外形上不保留修饰的痕迹。Ofcourse,nobodywashurtthistime,becausewehadallbeentodinner,noneofusbeingnovicesexceptingHastings;andhehavingbeeninformedbytheministeratthetimethatheinvitedhimthatindeferencetotheEnglishcustomthehadnotprovidedanydinner.