高中英语语法--冠词 5页

UNIT2冠词一、分类：不定冠词a/an，定冠词the，零冠词（不用冠词）a/an的用法1.表示“某种类别当中的一个”，“该类中的一例”　Acatisananimal.猫是一种动物。He’saFrenchman.他是个法国人。2.第一次提到某物Ilookedupandsawaplane.我抬头看见了一架飞机.3.用在称呼前，含有“我不认识．．．的感觉”AMr.Smithiswaitingtoseeyou.一位史密斯先生正等着要见您。4.可以表示量度单位，＂每．．．＂40kman/perhour每小时40公里twicea/perday每天两次5.与可数名词连用位于what,such之后，表示感叹，或强调程度Whatasurprise!真是让人吃惊。Mybossissuchafool!我的老板这么蠢。6.用在形容词最高级前，相当于very。Thisisamostusefuldictionary.这是一本非常有用的字典。gotoseeyou.一位史密斯先生正等着要见您。7.用在序数词前面表示“再一次，又一次”。Tenyearsafterthedeathofherhusband,shegotmarriedforasecondtime.在她丈夫去世十年后，她再次结婚了。8.用在many,quite,rather,such,twice,what等词后面，构成短语。It’squiteaproblem.这是一个相当难的问题。I’veneverseensuchanexcitingfootballmatchbefore.我以前从来没见过这么精彩的比赛。9.注意区分a/an：一般来说，an用在元音前，a用在非元音前。但注意下面的特殊例子。aEurope(European,one-waystreet,union,university,usefultool,usualway…)anhonestmanan80-metre-high-towerthe的用法1.基本用法：有明确的所指；可以与任何名词连用Shutthedoor.关门。Wherewillthemeetingbeheld?在哪儿开会？2.  The+adj.表示一类人或事物theBritish英国人,therich富人,theyoung年轻人,3.   表示一天的各段时间inthemorning/afternoon/evening4.表示独一无二的自然现象，方位，左右theearth地球,thesun太阳,theeast东,thewest西,theright右,theleft左5.   用在乐器之前，中国乐器名词前不与冠词连用:playerhu(二胡)Mysisterislearningtheflute/piano.我妹妹在学笛子/钢琴。6.用在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪中几十年代inthe1870’s十九世纪七十年代,7.用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示这一家人。theSmiths史密斯一家人8.用在某些习惯表达法中的介词短语中，指有关者的身体或衣着的一部分第5页共5页\nleadsb.bythehand拉着某人的手,hitsb.intheface打在某人的脸上,graspsb.bythesleeve抓住某人的袖子9.用在形容词最高级和序数词前面。ThefirsttimeIsawhimwasin1990.我第一次见他是在1990年。Couldyoutellmetheshortestwaytothestation?你能告诉我去火车站最近的路吗？10.和表示数量的名词连用，表示“以．．．为单位”Eggsaresoldbythedozen.鸡蛋按打来卖。Heispaidbythehour/theday/week/month.他按小时/天/周/月来付酬。11.与名词连用时，要注意与不定冠词的区别。a/themostinteresting…非常有趣的…/最有趣的…a/thenumberof许多/…的数量fora/themoment片刻，一会儿/暂时，目前givesb.a/thepush推某人一下/解雇某人零冠词-----以下情况不用冠词1.表示泛指或一般概念Snowiswhite.雪是白的。比较：Thesnowintheyardisverythick.院子里的雪很厚。2.一日三餐、四季前不用冠词，三餐名词之前若加形容词时则除外：Wehavebreakfastateight．我们8点钟吃早饭。Hegaveusagoodbreakfast．他请我们吃了一顿丰盛的早餐。Haveyouhadbreakfast/lunch/dinner?你吃早饭/午饭/晚饭了吗？比较：Thebreakfastwaswellcooked.这顿早饭做得好。3.球类，棋类之前不用冠词Let’sgoandplayfootball.我们去踢足球吧。Howabouthavingagameofchess,John?约翰，咱们下盘棋好吗？4.称呼语及表示家庭成员（常大写）的名词之前不用冠词Tomasked,“Where’sFather/Mother/Aunt?”汤姆问，“爸爸/妈妈/姑姑在哪儿？”5.月份、周日、节日前一般不加冠词January一月份Sunday星期日ChristmasDay圣诞节Thanksgiving感恩节NationalDay国庆节MayDay劳动节注:民族节日前要加the如:theSpringFestival6.在表语，宾语补足语，同位语中，表示独一无二的职位或头衔前不用冠词Who’scaptainofyourteam?谁是你们队长？Hewaselectedmonitorofourclass.他被选为班长GeorgeBush,presidentoftheUnitedStates…美国总统布什…7.在表示学科的名词之前不用冠词English,Chinese,mathematics…8.在独立结构中不用冠词Thehunterenteredtheforest,guninhand.猎人手拿着枪，走进了森林。Childasheis,heknowsalotaboutthehistoryofChina.他虽然是个孩子，却对中国历史了解很多。9.在某些习惯用语中不用冠词gotoschool(college,hospital,class,church,bed…)bybike,(bus,train,car,boat,ship,plane,air…)第5页共5页\natsunrise,(sunset,noon,night,midnight)10.泛指人类不加冠词Manismortal.人必有一死。11.在"kindof＋名词sortof＋名词"句式中不用冠词Whatkindofflowerisit?这是什么花？Ilikethissortofbook.我喜欢这种书。练习：1.Aliceisfondofplaying______pianowhileHenryisinterestedinlisteningto______music.A./,theB./,/C.the,/D.the,the2.AlexanderGranderBellinvented______telephonein1876.A./B.aC.theD.one3.---Where’sJack?---Ithinkhe’sstillin______bed,buthemightjustbein______bathroom.A./,/B.the,theC.the,/D./,the4.Sheis______newcomerto______chemistry,butshehasalreadymadesomeimportantdiscoveries.A.the,theB.the,/C.a,/D.a,the5.Wouldn’titbe______wonderfulworldifallnationslivedin______peacewithoneanother?A.a,/B.the,/C.a,theD.the,the6.______coffeethatwedrankjustnowwasgiventousby______Jacksons.A./,/B.The,/C./,theD.The,the7.Irememberhelivesin______south,soweshouldn’tbewalking______south.A./,/B./,theC.the,/D.the,the8.Theyspent______gettingtheproblemsettled.A.soalongtimeB.quitealongtimeC.quitelongatimeD.suchlongatime9.______People’sRepublicofChinahasopeneditsdoorto______restof______world.A.The,/,theB./,the,theC.The,the,theD./,/,the10.Yourshoesandmineare______.A.ofsizeB.inasizeC.samebigD.ofasize11.Manypeopleagreethat___knowledgeofEnglishisamustin_____internationaltrade.A.a;不填;B.the;anC.the;theD.不填;the(NMET1996)12.—Haveyouseen_____pen?Ileftitherethismorning.—Isit____blackone?IthinkIsawitsomewhere.(NMET1997)A.a;theB.the;theC.a;a;D.the;a13.Papermoneywasin____useinChinawhenMarcoPolovisitedthecountryin_____thirteenthcentury.(NMET1999)A.the;不填;B.the;theC.不填;theD.不填;不填14.Mostanimalshavelittleconnectionwith____animalsof___differentkindunlesstheykillthemforfood.(NMET2000)A.the;aB.不填;aC.the;theD.不填;the15.Summersin______southofFrancearefor_____mostpartdryandsunny.(2000春季)A./;aB.the;/C./，/D.the;the16.Thewarmthof___sweaterwillofcoursebedeterminedbythesortof____woolused.第5页共5页\nA.the;theB.the;不填;C.不填;theD.不填;不填(NMET2001)1.MrSmith,there'samanat____frontdoorwhosayshehas____newsforyouofgreatimportance.(2001春季)A.the;不填B.the;theC.不填；不填D.不填；the2.Idon’tliketalkingontelephone;Ipreferwritingletters.A.a;theB.the;不填C.the;theD.a;不填(2002春季)3.Onewaytounderstandthousandsofnewwordsistogain__________goodknowledgeofbasicwordformation.A./B.theC.aD.one(2002上海)4.Iearn10dollars____houras____supermarketcashieronSaturdays.(2003上海)A.a•••anBthe•••aC.an•••aD.an•••the5.—Whereismyblueshirt?—It'sinthewashingmachine.Youhavetowear___differentone.（2003安徽）A.anyB.theC.aD.other6.There's____dictionaryon____deskbyyourside.(2003春季)A.a,theB.a;aC.the;aD.the;the7.Jumpingoutof____airplaneattenthousandfeetisquite____experience.(NMET2002)A.不填;theB.不填;;anC.an;anD.the;the8.Thesignreads“incaseof____fire,breaktheglassandpress_____redbutton.”A.不填;aB.不填;theC.the;theD.a;a(NMET2003)9.—Whodidyouspendlastweekendwith?—_____.(1998上海)A.Palmer’sB.ThePalmers’C.ThePalmersD.ThePalmer’s10.Themostimportantthingaboutcottoninhistoryis___partthatitplayedin___IndustrialRevolution.(2004重庆)A.不填;不填B.the;不填;C.the;theD.a;the11.Whenyoucomehereforyourholidaynexttime,don'tgoto_______hotel;Icanfindyou_______bedinmyflat.(NMET2004)A.the;aB.the;不填C.a;theD.a;不填12.—John,thereis______Mr.Wilsononthephoneforyou.(NMET2004)—I'min______bath.A.a;theB.the;aC.a;不填D.the;不填13.TheWilsonslivein____A-shapedhousenearthecoast.Itis____17thcenturycottage.A.the,/B.an,theC./,theD.an,a(2004浙江)14.On_____newstoday,therewere_____reportsofheavysnowinthatarea.A.the;theB.the;不填C.不填;不填D.不填;the(2004北京春)15.Whenheleft_____college,hegotajobas____reporterinanewspaperoffice.A.不填;aB.不填;theC.a;theD.the;the(2004天津)16.It’s_____worldofwonders,______worldwhereanythingcanhappen.(2004福建)A.a;theB.a;aC.the;aD.不填;不填17.Foralongtimetheywalkedwithoutsaying____word.Jimwasthefirsttobreak____silence.A.the;aB.a;theC.a;不填D.the;不填(2004湖南)18.Whenyoufinishthebookyou’llhave______betterunderstandingof_____life.A.a;theB.the;aC.不填;theD.a;不填(2004辽宁)19.Tomowns_____largercollectionof____booksthananyotherstudentinourclass.A.the;不填B.a;不填C.a;theD.不填;the(2004江苏)第5页共5页\n1.Whilehewasinvestigatingwaystoimprovethetelescope,Newtonmade______discoverywhichcompletelychanged______man’sunderstandingofcolour.(2004广东)A.a…不填B.a…theC.不填…theD.the…a2.Ifyougoby_________train,youcanhavequiteacomfortablejourney,butmakesureyouget__________fastone.（NMET2005-3）A.the;theB.不填；aC.the;aD.不填；不填3.Ican’trememberwhenexactlytheRobinsonsleft___city.Ionlyrememberitwas____Monday.A.the;theB.a;theC.a;aD.the;a(2005湖南）4.AfterdinnerhegaveMr.RichardsonridetoCapitalAirport.(2005安徽)A.the;aB.a;theC.不填;aD.不填;the5.Itisoftensaidthat______teachershave______veryeasylife.(北京2005)A.不填；不填B.不填；aC.the；不填D.the；a6.recentreportstatedthatthenumberofSpanishspeakersintheU.S.wouldbehigherthanthenumberofEnglishspeakersbyyear2090.(2005北京春季)A.A;theB.A;不填C.The;不填D.The;a7.OnMay5,2005,at______WorldTableTennisChampionship,KongLinghuiandWangHaowonthegoldmedalinmen'sdoubleswith________scoreof4:1.(2005江苏)A.a;aB.不填;theC.a;不填D.the;a8.Thisbooktells________lifestoryofJohnSmith,wholeft______schoolandworkedforanewspaperattheageof16.(2005辽宁)A．the;theB．a;theC．the;不填D．a;不填9.Iknow______JohnLennon,butnot______famousone.(2005山东)A./;aB.a;theC./;theD.the;a10.Ifyougrowupin______largefamily,youaremorelikelytodevelop______abilitytogetonwellwith________others.(2005江西)A．/;an;theB．a;the;/C．the;an;theD．a;the;the11.Mrs.Taylorhas_________8-year-olddaughterwhohas_________giftforpainting—shehaswontwonationalprizes.(2005浙江)A．a;aB．an;theC．an;aD．the;a第一单元生词：gulfsolorunner-upgo-betweenpasser-bygiraffebarracksbisonlousecrisisanalysisformulabureaugoosemottophenomenonmottomemocargoproofhalobambookangaroogrottobuffaloreindeerspectaclescompassesfacultypoultryglasswarescissorsassetsoccupation第5页共5页