高中英语动词分类记忆 4页

高中英语动词分类记忆I．主要常用不及物的动词。不及物动词后面不能跟宾语。只能用以："主＋谓"结构。(S+V)agreedisagreequarrelshoutcrylaughobjectsightalkbargainmatterworkstrugglefightgraduatesucceeddielistenlookstareglancehurryachefevercoughappearbelongcaredependlonghappenoccurexplodepauseresultsnowraingocomefallarrivesaildiveflowswimtravelwalkskatejumprisesitstaystepwaitremainsleeprestheadexistlivedanceII.延续动词与瞬间动词表示的动作在瞬间就可以完成,瞬间动词的完成时态不能跟表示一段时间的时间状语连用。1)用于完成时的区别延续动词表示经验、经历；瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。Hehascompletedthework.　　他已完成了那项工作。(表结果)I'veknownhimsincethen.　　我从那时起就认识他了。表经历)2)用于till/until从句的差异延续动词用于肯定句，表示"做……直到…"瞬间动词用于否定句，表示"到…，才……"Hedidn'tcomebackuntilteno'clock.他到10点才回来。Hesleptuntilteno'clock.他一直睡到10点。　典型例题1.Youdon'tneedtodescribeher.I___herseveraltimes.　A.hadmet　B.havemet　C.met　D.meet答案B.首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，severaltimes告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。2.---I'msorrytokeepyouwaiting.---Oh,notatall.I___hereonlyafewminutes.A.havebeen　B.hadbeen　C.was　D.willbe答案A.等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。主要常用瞬间动词arrive,borrow,buy,close,fall,finish,go,join,kill,hit,leave,lend,die,marry,open,reach,return,start,stop,recognizeseethrowIII.主要及物动词。及物动词后面必须跟宾语,可以用于："主＋谓＋宾"SV0；"主＋谓＋双宾SVOO"主＋谓＋宾＋宾补SVOC"结构.acceptreceiveearngainlosemisspackfoldloadachieveadmitafforddeclareannouncereviewbroadcastdescribediscussdoubtsupposecorrectmastermentioninferrepeatspellpractiseremindattemptattractinvitebookbitebakefrymilkwaterpourfilllockfastenbrushcombtidymineburydigremoveploughplantgrowcovercutcelebrateliberatebasechangebuildpumpdustcleansweepclosetearcompletefinishcontainincludedamagedestroyruinwiperepairmendfixdelivercarryshipcrossblocktieparkpulllinelistfightstruggledefeatdefendprotecteducatetraintestdecideplandesigninventexaminetest\nexperiencetrainintroducefollowformperformfoundhitholdincreasereducediscoverstealattackwoundkillmurderstarvekisstreatcuredesertthrowkickdevotetrustloveadmirehonourrespectvaluedesireenjoycomfortcalmpitytrustsupporthatedislikegreetwelcomethankdisturbfoolservesentencepunishmonitorownplatepricepublishprinttypeprepareputplacelayraiseliftreachheatwarmruleobeypraisescoldblamesavewastescoremarksortstorespenduniteconnectlimitwatchtouchpressvisitwaveweartimeusetotalanswerborrowbringbuychargecosthandenvyfetchnamepresentpostofferowequestionshowsupplyprovideastonishdisappointfrighteninterestsatisfyseatshocksurprisetirebearcatchhavekeepmakemeangivepicktakesendconsiderknowhopeimaginefindproverealizerecognizerequestrequiresaytellsensesuggestunderstandwarnstatethinkadviceallowaskcheckdirectemployexpectforbidforceforgiveguidehireexcuseneednoticeletlikepersuadepermitpromisewantwishIV.．既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义不变continuebeginstartadvanceattendaimawakeblowbatheinsistnterruptreadwriterollpaintridereportseekrootshopfacefeedhurtgatherendclaptradestudyturnwinsmokewashtoptrysuffersellshinesetsewpaymindjoinfitfloatdropdelightdevelopbelievedivideforgetspeakeatdrownboilbendbreatheburnburstclimbcollectdelaydoubledressflyhideleadlandlearninchlackmeetmeasuresingmixopenorganizemarryracerecorddrinkspreadsmoothslowrecoverriderowimprovecallclearshutsinkfearteachsharehelpcookbreakcomparecrowdremembeV.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义完全不同。escapepartoperatereachrunrushreturnsearchsettleshootstrikespeedstampplayringhangsmellgetmanageregretdrawbeatlightdrivematchleavemovelaststandfailsucceedshakeknockweighstickV.主动形式表被动意义的常见动词。基本结构subj+V+adv。如，Booksofthiskindsellswell。Yourpenwritessmoothly。Yourcompositionreadswell。sellreadwritewearkeepdrawcuttearactlockrentwashbreakcookcleanopenworkout\nVI．常没有被动语态而容易误用被动式的动词。havefitlacksuitholdcostsufferlastbecomestandbelongtodependonhappentakeplacebreakoutturnout如，Heavylossesweresufferedbythem。（错）。Theysufferedheavylosses。（对）VII．英语中一些常用进行时或现在时表将来的动词。如，Themeetingbeginsat1：30intheafternoon。I’vewonaholidayfortwotoFlorida。Iamtakingmymum。comegoleavestartdrivemovebegintakefallarrivereturnsetofflandflyVIII．英语中一些常用过去完成时或过去时表示未曾实现的愿望，打算或意图。如，Theyhadwantedtohelpbutcouldn’taffordanytime。---Whyhaven’tyouboughtanybutter?----ImeanttobutIforgotaboutit.hopeexpectmeanintendsupposewantthinkIX.形式上主句否定饿而实际上否定转移的动词，这类动词之后可接so或not代替从句。如，Idon’tthinktheyhavemadetheirminds，have’ntthey？Isyourbrothergoingwithyou?Ithinknot.或Idon’tthinkso.thinkbelieveexpectimaginesupposefancy注意：hopeguessfearfancy不能否定转移，只能说Iguessnot而不能说Idon’tguessso。X.常见的只跟带to的动词不定式作宾语的及物动词或短语。wantwishhopeexpectwouldlike/lovecarechooselearndesirelongplanpreparemeandesignagreepromiseofferrefuseaskbegdemandintenddecidedeterminemakeupone‘smindtendbothertroublemanagetryattemptaffordpretendaimtryone’sbesthavenochoicebut注意：动词+疑问词+todecide,know,considerforget,learn,remember,show,understand,see,wonder,hear,findout,explain,telldiscover　discussask　Pleaseshowushowtodothat.Therearesomanykindsoftape-recordersonsalethatIcan'tmakeupmymindwhichtobuy.XI.常见的跟带to的动词不定式作宾补的及物动词或短语。即，动词+宾语+(todo)commandcompel　　consider　declare　drive　enable　　encouragfind　　　forbid　　force　　　guess　　hire　　　　imagine　　induce　　inform　　instruct　invite　　judge　　　know　　　like　　　order　　　permit　　persuade　remind　　report　　request　　require　　select　send　　　state　　suppose　　tell　　　think　train　　trust　　understanurge　　　warn　例句：　a.　Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.b.　Webelievehimtobeguilty.注意：promiseknowhopedemand常见的不跟带to的动词不定式作宾补的及物动词let,have,makesee,watch,lookat,notice,observe,hear,listento,smell,feel,findXII．动词及短语后加doing作宾语V.+doingsthadmit　　appreciat　avoid　　complete　consider　　delay　　deny　　endure　　　enjoy　　escape　　　preventfancy　　　finish　imagine　　mind　　miss　　　postpone　　keep　practiserecall　　　resist　risksuggest　　face　　　　　　include　stand　　　understan　　　forgive　　excusedefend　involve　　avoid　　pardon　admitto　　preferto　beusedto　leadto　devoteoneself\nto　　objectto　　stickto　　bebusylookforwardto　to为介词）nogood,　nouse,　beworth…　giveupcan'thelp,　It'snouse/good　betiredoffeellikebefondofbeproudof　thinkof/about　　putoff　keepon　insiston　　counton/uponsetabout　besuccessfulin　goodat　takeupburstout　prevent…from…　举例　(1)　Wouldyoumindturningdownyourradioalittle,please?(2)　Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissedbeingcaught.　注意：动词ing形式与不定式语义不同的有12组：　1　stoptodo　2forgettodo　　　3remembertodo　4regrettodo　5beusedtodo　　　6trytodo　　7goontodostopdoing　　　forgetdoing　　rememberdoing　　regretdoing　　beusedtodoing　　trydoing　　　goondoing　8afraidtodo　　　9　interestedtodo　　10meantodo　11begin/starttodo　　12　can‘thelptodoafraiddoing　　　interesteddoing　　　meandoing　　　begin/startdoing　　　can’thelpdoingX．表示"据说"或"相信"的词组believe,　consider,　declare,　expect,　feel,　report,　say,　see,　suppose,　think,　understandItissaidthat…　　据说　　Itisreportedthat…据报道　　　Itisbelievedthat…　大家相信　　　　　Itishopedthat…　大家希望Itiswellknownthat…众所周知　　Itisthoughtthat…　大家认为Itissuggestedthat…　据建议　　　　　Itistakengrantedthat…　被视为当然　Ithasbeendecidedthat…大家决定　　Itmustberememberthat…务必记住的是例句：ItissaidthatshewillleaveforWuhanonTuesday.It‘sgenerallybelievedthatteachingisasmuchanartasitisascience。Robertissaidtohavestudiedabroad，butIdon‘tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin。VX.本身含有“使…”的意义的动词.surpriseastonishshockdelightworrysatisfypleaseseatdisappointdiscourageencourageinterestmarryfrightentireexcitemoveVIX．其后常跟宾语从句且从句里用虚拟语气的动词。ordersuggestrequirerequestdemandproposedesireinsistadvisewish