高中英语语法概述 5页

嘉兴市高中英语学科基地eBasehttp://english.phzx.net高中英语语法概述一、语法结构分析图解词法句法6种实词3种虚词名词，代词，形容词，副词，动词，数词介词，连词，冠词句子成分主，谓，宾，定，状，补，表，同位语，独立成分5种基本句型1.主+谓2.主+谓+宾3.主+系+表4.主+谓+间宾+直宾5.主+谓+宾语+宾补4种句子种类1.陈述句2.疑问句3.祈使句4.感叹句句式拓展简单句并列句复合句名词性从句形容词性从句副词性从句语法注释：5类动词1.实义动词2.系动词3.助动词4.情态动词5非谓语动词动词2种态时态语态16大时态，常考的8种主动语态和被动语态，其中被动语态经常结合时态一起考察5种疑问句1.一般2.特殊（区分好疑问代词和疑问副词）3.反义4.选择5.否定4种名词性从句1.主语(itis句型)2.宾语3.表语4.同位语形容词性从句又叫定语从句，包括限制性和非限制性定语从句副词性从句又叫状语从句，分9大类时间状语从句地点状语从句条件状语从句让步状语从句比较状语从句目的状语从句结果状语从句原因状语从句方式状语从句第5页共5页\n嘉兴市高中英语学科基地eBasehttp://english.phzx.net二、语法概说（一）英语五大基本句型1.主系表：Myname’sForrest,ForrestGump.2.主谓：Mrs.Gumpleavesandclosesthedoor.3.主谓宾：Mrs.Gumpleavesandclosesthedoor.4.主谓双宾:NexttoMomma,noonetalkedtomeoraskedmequestions.5.主谓宾补：DearGod,makemeabirdsoIcanflyfar,far,farawayfromhere.（二）句型的扩展手段一：增加修饰语1.老外学习汉语。2.全世界的老外学习汉语。3.全世界的老外玩命学习汉语。4.全世界的老外玩命学习地道的汉语。5.全世界的老外为了考汉语八级玩命学习地道的汉语。手段二：单句组复句A)通过and，or，but等连接分句组成并列复句。1.全世界的老外为了考汉语八级玩命学习汉语。2.老外考了八次也没通过。3.老外开始宣扬“中国威胁论”。全世界的老外为了考汉语八级玩命学习汉语，但是考了八次也没通过，于是开始宣扬“中国威胁论”。B)由从句充当主句的主语、宾语、定语、状语、或同位语，构成主从复合句。（通过关系代词、关系副词如：what，when，where，which，who，that等连接词）1.老外们仍在玩命学习汉语。2.老外们考汉语八级考了九次还没通过。3.老外们宣扬“中国威胁论”。考了九次汉语八级都没通过（定语从句）的老外们仍在玩命学习汉语，（主语从句）这是他们宣扬“中国威胁论”的主要原因。（三）四大英语句式肯定句ForrestJr.looksintothebusandatthebusdriver.用否定词not:1.陈述句Forrest!Itoldyounottobotherthisniceyoungman.用否定词no:否定句Sometimelater,fornoparticularreason,somebodyshotthatniceyoungPresidentwhenhewasridin’inhiscar.用否定副词never，hardly，seldom等:Lifewaslikeaboxofchocolates.Youneverknowwhatyou'regonnaget.一般疑问句:DidyouhearwhatIsaid,Forrest?Youarenodifferent!特殊疑问句:What'swrongwithyourlegs?2.疑问句选择疑问句:Well,areyougonnasitdown,oraren'tya?反意疑问句:Youdon'tsaymuch,doyou?否定疑问句:Haven'tyoueverseenalittleboywithbracesonhislegsbefore?第5页共5页\n嘉兴市高中英语学科基地eBasehttp://english.phzx.net3.祈使句:Run,Forest!Run!How开首:4.感叹句What开首:句子或短语表示祝愿、赞美、企盼之类的强烈情感:Wecan'thearyou!Wecan'thearanything!三、Check1.Marylikestowearbeautiful_____.A.dressB.clothC.jacketD.dresses2.It_____totheairport.A.takesfortyminute'sdrivetogetB.takesforty-minutedrivetogetC.isforty-minutes'driveD.isaforty-minutedrive3.Itisreportedthat_________schoolsareimprovingtheirITenvironment.A.agreatmanyB.agreatdealC.alargeamountofD.alargepartof4.Shecuttheclothwith_____scissors.A.acoupleofB.apairofC.twoD.a5.--Whobroketheglass?--Isuppose_____mustbeoneofthechildren.A.theoneB.heC.itD.who6.Thestudentsencouraged_____togoon.A.oneafteranotherB.oneanotherC.theotherD.onebyone7.Willhecomebacktoschooltomorrow?Ihope_____.A.thatB.thisC.soD.it8.Hewasill._____iswhyhedidn'tattendthemeeting.A.ThisB.ItC.ThereD.That9.Hisattitudetousis_____ofacomrade.A.oneB.itC.thatD.those10.Oneofthestudentshasn'tprepared_____lessonsverywell.A.one'sB.onesC.theirD.his11.Iremember_____wordhesaidthatday.A.allB.bothC.eachD.every12."Howmanyelephantsdidyousee?""_____".A.NoneB.NooneC.NotmanyonesD.Nomany13._____ofthemknewabouttheplanbecauseitwassecret.A.SomeB.AnyC.NooneD.None14.Biologyis_____.A.scienceoflifeB.scienceofthelifeC.thescienceofthelifeD.thescienceoflife15.Whenwesawhisface,weknew_____wasbad.A.thenewsB.somenewsC.anewsD.news16.Itispleasanttoplay______gameof______tabletennis______summerafternoon.A.a...the...ontheB.a...X...onaC.the...the...intheD.the...X...ina17.What______heavysnow.Let'sgooutforawalkin______snow,shallwe?A.X...theB.a...theC.a...XD.X...X18.Therearetenboxesonthedeskandthe______isyours.A.nineB.ninethC.ninthD.forth19.______wasdonebythegirlstudents.第5页共5页\n嘉兴市高中英语学科基地eBasehttp://english.phzx.netA.OnethreeoftheworkB.OnethirdoftheworksC.TwothirdoftheworksD.Twothirdsofthework20.Whichofthefollowingiswrong?Thisbookiseasyenoughfor______.A.asix-year-oldchildB.achildofsixyearsoldC.achildagedsixD.asixyearsoldchild21.Fifty-six______twenty-sevenmakeseighty-three.A.plusB.minusC.timesD.dividedby22.Everymeans______tried,yetnoresult______encouraginguptonow.A.havebeen...isB.hasbeen...hasbeenC.have...hasbeenD.has...is23.Peterwas______tocometoschoolthismorning.A.asecondB.thesecondC.aNo.twoD.thetwo24.Tomwithhisfriends______volleyballsincethreeo'clock.A.hasbeenplayingB.isplayingC.havebeenplayingD.haveplayed25.Allthatcanbesaid______.A.hasbeensaidB.havebeensaidC.issaidD.aretobesaid26.Manyaschoolandmanyahospital______since1949.A.havesetupB.hassetupC.havebeensetupD.hasbeensetup27.Twokilograms______tooheavyforasickman.A.isB.areC.wasD.were28.Agroupofchildren______hideandseekinthegarden.A.isplayingB.areplayingC.hasbeenplayingD.wasplaying29.Allbutone______herejustnow.A.isB.wasC.havebeenD.were30.Thepolice______forthelostchildeverywhere.A.islookingB.haslookedC.arelookingD.arelooked31.Bothbreadandbutter______onsaleinthisshop.A.isB.areC.haveD.has32.Theparentsaswellasthebaby______inhighspirits.A.areB.isC.hasbeenD.havegot33.Heisoneofthosewho______veryhard.A.worksB.workC.isD.are34.Holdthebook______please,forIcan'tseethewordsinitclearly.A.morecloserB.morecloselyC.closelyD.closer35.Aliceisakindgirl.Sheis______willingtohelpmestudyinEnglish.A.veryB.soC.suchD.too36.Whatisthe______news?A.lateB.laterC.latestD.latter37.Whichdoyouthinkis______,wealthorhealth?A.betterB.thebetterC.bestD.thebest38.Icannotthankyou______muchofyourkindness.Iowemysuccesstoyou.A.soB.veryC.tooD.as39.Itis______foranyonetochoosegoodfriends.A.themostimportantB.tooimportantthingC.amostimportantD.mostimportant40.LiPinisthe______manIwanttosee.A.lastB.lasterC.latestD.latter第5页共5页\n嘉兴市高中英语学科基地eBasehttp://english.phzx.net41.Themeetinglastedtilllate______.A.intonightB.atnightC.intothenightD.atthenight42.I'mbadlyinneed______yourhelp.A.ofB.forC.fromD.at43.It'sthefirstturning______theleftafterthetrafficlights.A.onB.inC.byD.for44.She'ssuchaquarrelsomewoman.Idon'tknowhowyoucan______her.A.putupB.putupwithC.standupwithD.standwith45.Man'slifeisoftencompared______acandle.A.withB.asC.toD.in46.I'mafraidyou'vemistakenme______mytwinsister.A.forB.withC.toD.by47.Iagreewithhim______,butnotentirely.A.untilacertainpointB.tosomepointC.tosomeextentD.untilacertainextent48.Asyouarenowamemberofoursocietyweshallletyou______oursecrets.A.intoB.throughC.toD.between49.I______alldayandIhaven'tapennyleft.A.hadshoppedB.amshoppingC.haveshoppedD.havebeenshopping50.Arelativeofyours______thisevening.A.willbecomingtoseeyouB.willhavebeencomingC.wouldcometoseeyouD.won'thaveseenyou第5页共5页