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一、非谓语动词的定义及其形式1.在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。它不受人称和数的限制。2.非谓语动词的形式动名词:doing不定式:todo请看下列句子:Ienjoymusic.Ienjoylisteningtomusic.Iwantwater.Iwanttodrinkwater.【注】此to非彼to,试比较:lookforwardtodoingsth.payattentiontodoingsth.beusedtodoingsth.拓展·延伸请看下列句子,并分析其结构Lucyinvitedmetoattendherbirthdayparty.MymotherallowsmetowatchTVonweekend.可以用带to的不定式作宾补的动词常用的有ask,tell,order,invite,allow,wish,want,encourage,advise,warn等。e.g.I’llgetafriendtohelpyou.我将交个朋友帮你的忙。Themanwarnedthechildrennottoplayfootballinthestreet.那个人提醒孩子们不要在街上踢足球。Ioftenhearhersingintheclassroom.我经常听见她在教室里唱歌。【注】省略to的不定式。常见的结构有:seesb.dosth.hearsb.dosth.letsb.dosth.makesb.dosth.\n只能接-ing作宾语的动词口诀: 喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习 enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 spend...doing sth. 花费…做某事 be busy doing sth. 忙于做… imagine sb. doing sth. 想象…做某事 can't help doing sth. 忍不住做某事 feel like doing sth. 想要做某事 finish doing sth. 完成做某事 practice doing sth. 练习做某事 错过建议保持介意值得考虑 miss doing sth. 错过做某事 suggest doing sth. 建议做某事 keep (on) doing sth. 保持(继续)做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事 be worth doing sth. 值得做某事 介词+doing be good at doing sth擅长做某事 be interested in doing sth. 对做某事感兴趣 insist on doing 坚持做某事 be used for doing sth. 被用来做某事 thank sb. for doing sth. 谢谢某人做某事 be tired of doing sth. 厌烦做某事 be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事 put off doing 推迟做某事 stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 without doing sth. 没有做某事 think about doing sth. 考虑做某事 What ∕ How about doing 做某事怎么样? 此to 非彼to look forward to doing sth. (盼望) pay attention to doing sth. (注意) be used to doing sth. (习惯于) prefer doing sth to doing sth.(更喜欢) devote to doing sth(致力于) make a contribution to doing (做贡献) 只能接不定式作宾语的动词口诀: 决定想做计划需要同意,能做被用来做的事 decide to do sth. 决定做某事 \nwant ∕ would like to do sth. 想做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某 need to do sth. 需要做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 afford to do 能做某事 be used to do 被用来做 迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事被用来做 can’t wait to do 迫不及待地要做某事 make up one’s mind to do 下决心做某事 used to do 过去常常做某事 fail to do 未能做某事 接不定式作宾语补足语的动词口诀: 请求与命令 ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 想要邀请期待鼓励与建议 want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 答应告诫允许提醒和帮助 promise sb. to do 答应某人做某事 warn sb. not to do sth. 告诫某人做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 省略to的情况: 使役动词和感官动词后: 一感二听三让四看feel/ hear, listen to/ let,make, have, / look at, see, watch, notice had better (not)do sth. 最好(不)做… why not /why don’t you do sth为什么不做…? help sb.(to)do sth Would rather宁愿做… would you please 情态动词+do 助动词+do感官动词see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel + do表示动作的全过程,强调做过这件事或单纯说明谁在干 +doing 表示动作不是全过程,强调正在做某事,指看见的一瞬间某人正在做 注意:被动语态中不能省去to。 4.动名词和动词不定式作宾语时意思不同的动词。(1)remember,forget,stop,goon,regret等动词后跟动名词作宾语时,表示动名词的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前;跟动词不定式作宾语时,表示动词不定式的动作发生在谓语动词动作之后。试比较下面的句子:Iremembertellingyouaboutitonce.这事我记得曾和你谈过一次。\nYoumustremembertowritetouswhenyougetthere.到那里时,千万别忘了给我们写信。Goonreadingthetext.继续读课文。Afterhefinishedthecomposition,hewentontodohishomework.他写完作文后接着做作业。Shestoppedspeaking.她停止讲话。HestoppedtospeaktoMartin.他停下来和马丁说话。(2)try和mean跟动名词和动词不定式作宾语时,在意思上差别很大。a.try跟动名词作宾语时是“试着做某事”的意思;而跟动词不定式作宾语时是“设法做某事”的意思。试比较下面句子:Shetriedwritingacomposition.她试着写作文。Shetriedtogetyouonthephone.她设法打电话找你。b.mean跟动名词作宾语时是“意思是、意味着”的意思;而跟动词不定式时是“企图、打算”的意思。试比较下面句子:Thismeanswastingmuchmoney.这意味着浪费很多钱。Imeanttocallonyou.ButIwassobusy.我是想来看望你的,但我太忙了。remembertodosomething记着去做某事(现在还没有做)rememberdoingsomething记着曾做过某事(以前做过某事)forgettodosomething忘记去做某事(现在还没有做)forgetdoingsomething忘记曾做过某事(以前做过某事)stoptodosomething开始做某事(停下正在做的事,开始做另一事)stopdoingsomething停止做某事(停止正在做的事)trytodosomething努力、尽力做某事trydoingsomething试着做某事(看能否达到预期的结果)regrettodosomething对将来做的事感到遗憾、惋惜regretdoingsomething对已经做过的事感到后悔meantodosomething打算,想,意图…meandoingsomething意味着“七给”一“带”to不少,“买”画“制作”for来了。 说明: 1、“七给”(give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand)和“带”(bring)8个及物动词,在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加上“to”。即“vt. + sth. + to + sb.” 如:He lent some money to me.类似动词的还有:get,mail,offer,owe(借),pay,promise,read,sell,take,teach,等(是谁?刚拍了我,好吧!!) 2、“buy”(买);“draw”(画);“make”(制作)三个动词,在直接宾语前置时,则必须在后边加“for”,构成“vt. + sth. + for + sb.”。如:Mother bought a new dress for me。类似的动词还有: buildchoose,cook,cut,do,find,fix,leave,order(订购),reach等。 3、当直接宾语是代词时,间接宾语for和to于直接宾语之后 Richard made it for him。理查德为他做的这个东西 Give it to me。把它给我\n【指点】 分词 分词分现在分词和过去分词两种。 现在分词由“动词+-ing”形式构成,过去分词的基本形式是“动词+-ed”,但也有不规则形式。现在分词和过去分词的区别:现在分词表示主动、进行之意,过去分词有被动、完成之意。 动词-ing 形式 常接动词-ing 形式的动词(短语): 完成实践值得忙(finish, practise, be worth, be busy)继续习惯别放弃(keep on, be used to, give up) 考虑建议不禁想(consider, suggest, can’t help, feel like) 喜欢错过要介意(enjoy, miss, mind) 动词不定式 一、基本形式: to +动词原形,如to walk。 否定形式: not+基本形式(短语),如not to watch TV。 当我们需要表明动词不定式中的这个动作是谁发出时,我们可以用带逻辑主语的不定式: for sb. + 基本形式(短语),如for us to finish the work。此外还有一种形式,即带疑问词的动词不定式:疑问词+基本形式(短语),如what to do。 注意: 1. 作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。如:To learn English well is not easy. 2. 如果主语较长,常用it 作形式主语,而将真正的主语不定式放在谓语之后,常用结构为it is + adj. + (for / of sb. / sth.) + to do sth. 如:It’s important for us to learn English well. 二、动词不定式常用于以下这些动词之后: 1. 不定式作宾语用于:“要想做,同意办,愿意不愿意,决定尽量做。” A. 要求、想要、希望(want, wish, hope, expect, intend, mean) B. 同意(agree, promise) C. 意愿(care, hate, refuse) D. 决定,企图(decide, offer, attempt, try, manage) 2. 不定式作宾语补足语用于:劝教命请叫(advise, teach, order, ask, tell) 允许又警告(allow, permit, warn) 三、有些动词后需接省略to 的动词不定式。 一感一助一最好,二听二请二为什么不,三使四看半帮助,无to 不定式记心中。 说明:一感:feel(感觉);一助:即助动词do,does,did,will / shall,包括情态动词can,may,must 等,但不包括现在完成时中的have / has;一最好:had better;二听:listen to,hear;二请:副词please 后, will you please „;二为什么不: why not, why don’t you „;三使: make, let, have;四看: look at, see, watch, notice; 半帮助: help 后可加to 也可不加to。 注意: 一感、二听、三使、四看在主动语态中省略to,但在被动语态当中to 不能省略。 \n四、有些动词后面既可接动词不定式,又可接动词-ing 形式。 hear, watch, see 等接不定式表示全过程或完成,接动词-ing 形式表示正在进行。 stop to do sth. 表示停下来去做另一件事; stop doing sth. 表示停止正在做的事情。 forget / remember to do sth. 表示忘记(记住)去做某事,事情还没有做; forget / remember doing sth. 表示忘记(记得)做过某事。 try to do sth. 设法或者努力做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事 mean to do sth. 打算、想做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 go on to do sth. 放下手中的事,继续去做别的事 go on doing sth. 继续做原来的事情 五、have sb. do sth.和have sb. / sth.doing sth.的区别 1. have sb. do sth. 意为“让某人做某事”,不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作,且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。如: The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father. 士兵让这男孩背对父亲站着。 Have the driver drive the car here at 4 o’clock. 让司机四点钟把车开过来。 2. have sb. / sth. doing sth.意为“让某人/某物做某事”,动词-ing 形式表示的动作往往具有持续、进行的含义。如: The two men had their lights burning all night long. 那两个人让灯通宵亮着。 They tried to have her talking, but there was no use.他们尽力让她一直说话,但没用。 另: have sth. done 意为“把某事做好”。2016 深圳中考英语非谓语动词练习题精选版 Ⅰ. 单项选择 ( ) 1. — Would you like to have dinner with me? — Sorry, I have a lot of housework . A. to do B. done C. do D. to be done ( ) 2. — I tried to make Kate her mind, but I found it hard. — Well, I saw you that when I went past. A. changes; do B. changes; doing C. to change; do D. change; doing ( ) 3. — Oh, I had a terrible toothache. You’d better see a doctor and have your bad teeth out. A. go to; pulling B. to go to; pulled C. go to; pulled D. to go to; pulling ( ) 4. — Mr Wang, I have trouble the text. — Remember it three times before you begin to understand it. A. to understand; reading B. understanding; reading C. understanding; to read D. to understand; to read \n(5.Don’t worry. We will do anything we can you. A. help B. to help C. be helped D. Helped ( ) 6. — Did you let anyone the flowers? — Yes, I had the flowers . A. to water; water B. to water; watered C. water; to be watered D. water; watered ( ) 7. Would you mind me a favour? A. do B. to do C. doing D. did ( ) 8. — Why not the Music Club? — Sorry, I can’t sing or dance. A. to join B. join C. joining D. join in ( ) 9. No matter how hard it is, we’ll keep until we make it. A. failed B. failing C. tried D. trying ( )10. What happened to the boy? He tried my questions. A. to avoid answering B. avoiding answering C. to avoid to answerD. avoiding to answer ( )11. We couldn’t help when Uncle Wang told us the news. A. laugh B. laughed C. laughing D. to laugh ( )12. — What should I do, doctor? — healthy, you should take more exercise. A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. Having kept ( ) 13. It took my daughter two weeks the novels by Liu Yong. A. read; written B. to read; written C. reading; to write D. to read; wrote ( )14. — Will you please show me how to do the role-play exercise? — Sure. Now let me tell you first. A. which to do B. how to do C. when to do D. what to do ( )15. When class begins, we stop to the teacher carefully. A. listening B. to listen C. listens D. Listen\n1-5 ADCCB 6-10 DCBDA 11-15 CCBDB