初中主谓一致_讲解 练习 8页

主谓一致的用法及专项练习题一、主谓一致三原则　　主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。1.语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。　　Tomisagoodstudent.汤姆是个好学生。　　Theyoftenplayfootballontheplayground.他们经常在操场上踢足球。　2.意义一致：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。　　Myfamilyarehavinglunchnow.　　我们一家人现在正吃午饭。　　Twentydollarsistooexpensiveforthebook.　　这本书20美元太贵了。　　3.就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。例如：　　Notonlytheteacherbutalsohisstudentslikeplayingfootball.　　不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。　　Thereisapenandsomebooksonthedesk.　　课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。　　二、主谓一致常考题型　　1.单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。　　ThedeskisTom’s.这张桌子是汤姆的。　　Somewaterisinthebottle.一些水在瓶子里。　　Thestudentsareplayingfootballontheplayground.这些学生正在操场上踢足球。　2.manya+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。　　ManyastudenthasbeentoShanghai.许多学生到过上海。　3.morethanone+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。　　MorethanonestudenthaseverbeentoBeijing.不止一个学生曾经去过北京。8\n　4.表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。例如：Twomonthsisalongholiday.两个月是一个长假。Twentypoundsisn’tsoheavy.20英镑并不太重。Tenmilesisn’talongdistance.10英里并不是一段很长的距离。Fiveminusfourisone.5减4等于1。5.主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。　　Eachboyandeachgirlhasgotaseat.每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。　　Everymanandeverywomanisatwork.每个男人和女人都在工作。6.oneandahalf+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。　Oneandahalfhoursisenough.一个半小时足够了。7.动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。　　Toseeistobelieve眼见为实。　　Doingeyeexercisesisgoodforyoureyes.做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。　8.a/an+单数名词+ortwo作主语，谓语动词用单数。　　Astudentortwohasfailedtheexam.一两个学生考试不及格。　　9.当主语部分含有with，togetherwith，alongwith，aswellas，besides，except，but，like等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式；但“名词+aswellas+名词”时，谓语动词一般应与第一个名词一致。　　MikewithhisfatherhasbeentoEngland.迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。　Mike,likehisbrother,enjoysplayingfootball迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。　Thestudentsaswellastheteacherwerepresentatthemeeting.10.由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。Thewriterandteacheriscoming.那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)　Thewriterandtheteacherarecoming.作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)8\n　11.people,police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。　Peoplehereareveryfriendly.这儿的人很友好。　Hisfamilyisn’tlarge.他家的人不多。　MyfamilyalllikewatchingTV.我们一家人都喜欢看电视。12.不定代词somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数，Iseveryoneheretoday.今天大家到齐了吗？Somethingiswrongwithhim.他有毛病。Nobodywasin.没有人在家。13.each,either,neither,another,theother作主语，谓语动词用单数。EachofthemhasanEnglishdictionary.他们每人都有一本英语词典。Neitheransweriscorrect.两个答案都不正确。14.以—s结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news,maths,physics等，　Nonewsisgoodnews.没有消息就是好消息。Mathsisverypopularinourclass在我们班数学很受欢迎。15.由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；由or,either…or…，neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…,not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。EithermywifeorIamgoing.Neitheryou,norI,noranyoneelseknowstheanswer.Notonlyyoubutalsoheisreadytoleave.如果either,each,neither作主语，则动词为单数形式。Eachofushashislikesanddislikes.Neitherofthebooksisveryinteresting.16.如果主语是由“aseriesof,akindof,aportionof+等+名词”构成时，动词一般用单数形式。Aseriesofpre-recordedtapshasbeenpreparedforlanguagelaboratoryuse.8\n但avarietyof,anumberof+名词复数，动词要用复数形式;.而thenumberof+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。Onexhibitionthereareagreatvarietyofconsumergoods.Thenumberofthestudentsisovereighthoundred17．以here，there开关的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致Thereisabookandthreepensonthedesk.　Herearesomebooksandpaperforyou.18.the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式.Thepoorareveryhappy,butthericharesad.　Thebeautifullivesforever.美是永存的。三．肯定与否定一致下列形容词、副词、代词从肯定句变成否定句时须作相应的变化。We'vehadsome(money).→Wehaven'thadany(money).Iwastalkingtosomeone.→Iwasn'ttalkingtoanyone.Theysometimesvisitus.→Theyrarely(never,seldom)visitus.Hehasarrivedalready.→Hehasn'tarrivedyet.Liiscomingtoo.→Liisn'tcomingeither.Bothofusaregoing.→Neitherofusaregoing.Helikesbothofthem.→Hedoesn'tlikeeitherofthem.注意：so/neither+助动词+名词/代词结构中须用倒装语序。MywifelikeclassicmusicverymuchandsodoI.Shedoesn'tlikejazzandneitherdoI.主谓一致专项练习题(1)1.EitherJaneorSteven_____watchingTVnow.　　A.wereB.isC.wasD.are2.Twodays_______enoughformetofinishthework,Ineedathirdday.A.isn’tB.isC.are年’t    D.are8\n3.—Howmanylessonsdoyouusuallyhaveaday?　　—Sixlessonsaday.Andeachofthen_____45minutes.　　A.lastB.lastsC.haveD.are4.NeitherLipingnorI_______abasketballplayer.　　A.amB.isC.beD.are5.There______manynewwordsinlessonone,Itisveryeasy.　　A.isB.aren’tC.isn’tD.are6.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschool____1200.　　A.isB.areC.hasD.have7.Maths_______myfavouritesubject.　　A.beB.isC.amD.are8.Theboywiththetwodogs_____whentheearthquakerockedthecity.　　A.weresleepingB.issleeping　　C.wassleepingD.areasle9.EveryoneexceptTomandJohn_____therewhenthemeetingbegan.　　A.areB.isC.wereD.was10.Thatplaceisnotinterestingatall,____ofuswantstogothere.　　A.NeitherB.BothC.AllD.Some11.NobodybutJane_____thesecret.　　A.knowB.knowsC.haveknowD.is12.—What’sontheplate?someeggsandcakesonit?　　—There_____someeggsandcakesonit.　　A.isB.areC.wasD.were13.Thispairofglasses______mine.　　A.areB.beC.isD.willbe14.BothLilyandLucy______tothepartyyesterday.　　A.invitedB.wasinvited　　C.hadinvitedD.wereinvirted15.—Twomonths______quitealongtime.　　—Yes,I’mafraidthathewillmisslotsofhislessons.　　A.isB.areC.wasD.were8\n16.Inthecitytheold_______.　　A.takegoodcareofB.aretakengoodcareof　　C.istakengoodcareofD.arebeentakengoodcareof17.Hisfamily_____allverykindandfriendly,Hisfamily______ahappyone.　　A.are,isB.is,isC.are,areD.is,are18.Thesingerandthedancer_____cometoBeijing.　　A.has    B.haveC.areD.is19.Thechildreninthisclasseach_____newschoolbag.　　A.haveB.hasC.hasgotD.arehaving20.Allbutone_____herejustnow.　　A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were　　21.IfBob'swifewon'tagreetogoonholidayinwinter,.A.neitherhewillB.neitherwon'theC.neitherwillheD.hewon'tneither22.Ihaven'tfinishedmyhomeworkedyet.A.sohasheB.NeitherhehasC.HehastooD.Hehasn'teither23.“I'mgoingtovisittheLuGouBridgetomorrow.”“.”A.IamsoB.SoamIC.SogoID.SoIgo24.Youaswellashetoblame(责备)fortheaccident（交通事故）.A.areB.isC.haveD.has25.NeithermywifenorImyselfabletoteachmydaughtertosingEnglishsongs.A.hasbeenB.isC.areD.am主谓一致专项练习(2)一单项选择：1.Eatingvegetables______goodforourhealth.A.isB.areC.wereD.was2.Morethanoneperson_______madethesuggestion.A.wasB.hasC.wereD.have3.Ithink______ofthematerialsIlistenedtoatthebeginningoftheexam______easy.A.twothirds;isB.secondthree;areC.twothirds;areD.twothird;are4.NeitheryounorLinHua_______totheGreatWallbefore.A.hadbeenB.hasgoneC.hasbeenD.havebeen5.Thewriterandteacher______comingnow.A.isB.areC.hasD.have6.Something_____gonewrongwithmyTVset.A.hasB.haveC.isD.are7.Nothingbutgrassandtrees_______thehill.8\nA.coversB.coverC.coveringD.arecovering8.Physics______moreinterestingthanMaths,Ithink.A.areB.isC.wasD.were9.Eachstudentandeachteacher______toseethefilm.A.goB.wishC.areD.wants10.EitherTomorI______toblame.A.tobeB.amC.areD.is11.There______adesk,twobedsandfourchairsintheroom.A.isB.areC.hasD.have12.Lucy,togetherwithhertwobrothers,often_______totheparkonSundays.A.goB.goesC.aregoingD.isgoing13.There______apairofshoesonthefloor.Theshoes______mine.A.are;isB.is;isC.is;areD.are;are14.Noneofthatmoneyonthetable______mine.A.isB.areC.beenD.have15.—Couldyougetmeapiano,Mum?—There______enoughroomforoneinourhome.A.isB.areC.isn’tD.aren’t16.ThefamilyIamstayingwith_______veryfriendly.A.isB.areC.wasD.were17.Ourteam______theWorldCup!A.haswonB.havewonC.arewonD.iswon18.Ourcountry_______greatchangesinthelast30years.A.experienceB.experiencesC.hasexperiencedD.experiencing19.Thepolice_______havingameetingintheirofficeattenyesterday.A.isB.areC.wasD.were20.Thenumberofpeopleinvited_____50,butanumberofthem_____absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were21.Alibrarywith5000books_____tothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveoffered22.ItoldhimwhatIwassurprised______hisattitudetowardshisstudy.A.isB.wasC.atisD.atwas23.Onthewall______twolargeportraits(肖像).A.hangsB.hangC.hangedD.arehung24.Allthatcanbedone________.A.hasbeendoneB.hasdoneC.havedoneD.weredone25.Thesingerandthedancer______cometothemeeting.A.hasB.haveC.areD.is26.Ihavefinishedalargepartofthebook;therest______moredifficult.A.isB.areC.wasD.were27.Thewounded(伤员)_______bythehospital.A.hastakeninB.hasbeentakeninC.havetakeninD.havebeentakenin28.Thefollowing_______someotherexamples.A.areB.isC.wasD.were29.Thewholeclass_______theteacherattentively(认真地).A.arelisteningB.islisteningtoC.arelisteningtoD.islistening30.“All_______presentandall_______goingonwell,”ourmanagersaid.A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD.is;are31.Therich________notalwayshappy.A.areB.isC.hasD.have8\n32.Heistheverythiefthatthepolice________.A.isafterB.islookingC.areafterD.arelooking33.Thethirdandlastchapter(章节)_______byProfessorChen.A.arewrittenB.arewritingC.iswrittenD.iswriting34.Onethirdofthestudentsinourschool_______girlstudents.A.isB.areC.wasD.were35.Manyawriterofnewspaperarticles________towritingnovels.A.hasturnedB.haveturnedC.beingturnedD.aregoingtoturn36.Noneofyourprojects________.A.workingoutB.workoutC.isworkedoutD.workedout37.Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearly_______agoodhabit.A.isB.areC.wereD.was38.Idon’tthinkonehundereddollars_______abigsumofmonnytohim.A.willbeB.wouldbeC.isD.are39.Neitherofyoursuggestions________sense.(makesense:有意义；说得通)A.makesB.makeC.ismadeD.aremade40.Yourtrousers_______dirty;youmusthave______washed.A.is;itB.are;itC.are;themD.is;them8