初中名词和介词用法和练习 33页

名词  　名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：　  1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。　  2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。　  3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。　  4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词。  1.1名词复数的规则变化情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加-s清辅音后读/s/map-maps浊辅音和元音后读/z/bag-bags/car-cars以s,sh,ch,x等结尾加-es读/iz/bus-buses/watch-watches以ce,se,ze,等结尾加-s读/iz/license-licenses以辅音字母+y结尾变y\n为i再加es读/z/baby---babies1.2其它名词复数的规则变化1）以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数。例如：　　     　twoMarys　　　　            theHenrys　　　　monkey---monkeys　           holiday---holidays　　2）以o结尾的名词，变复数时：　　  a.加s，如：photo---photos　　     piano---pianos　　　　　　　　   radio---radios　　      zoo---zoos；　　  b.加es，如：potato--potatoes　      tomato--tomatoes　　  c.上述a和b两种方法均可，如zero---zeros/zeroes。　3）以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时：　　  a.加s，如：belief---beliefs　       roof---roofs　　　　　　　　   safe---safes　         gulf---gulfs；　　  b.去f,fe加ves，如：half---halves　　　　　   knife---knives　leaf---leaves　      wolf---wolves　　　   wife---wives　life---lives　        thief---thieves；c.上述a和b两种方法均可，如handkerchief:handkerchiefs/handkerchieves。1.3名词复数的不规则变化1）child---children　     foot---feet　     tooth---teethmouse---mice　　　  man---men　     woman---women　\n注意：由一个词加man或woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women，如anEnglishman，twoEnglishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是theBowmans。2）单复同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese，li，jin，yuan，twoli，threemu，fourjin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如：adollar,twodollars;ameter,twometers。3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。例如：people　police　cattle等本身就是复数，不能说apeople，apolice，acattle，但可以说aperson，apoliceman，aheadofcattle,theEnglish，theBritish，theFrench，theChinese，theJapanese，theSwiss等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用，如TheChineseareindustriesandbrave.　中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：a.maths，politics，physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。b.news为不可数名词。c.theUnitedStates，theUnitedNations应视为单数。　　　TheUnitedNationswasorganizedin1945.联合国是1945年组建起来的。d.以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。例如："TheArabianNights"isaveryinterestingstory-book.《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。5）表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses（眼镜）　trousers,　clothes等，若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair（对，双）;　suit（套）;apairofglasses;twopairsoftrousers等。6）另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  1.4不可数名词量的表示1）物质名词a.当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。\n比较：Cakeisakindoffood.　蛋糕是一种食物。（不可数）Thesecakesaresweet.　这些蛋糕很好吃。（可数）b.当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，可数。例如：Thisfactoryproducessteel.　（不可数）Weneedvarioussteels.　（可数）c.当物质名词表示份数时，可数。例如：Ourcountryisfamousfortea.我国因茶叶而闻名。Twoteas,please.请来两杯茶。2）抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如：fourfreedoms四大自由     thefourmodernizations四个现代化物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量，如aglassofwater一杯水/apieceofadvice　一则建议。　5.定语名词的复数名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。1)       用复数作定语。例如：sportsmeeting运动会    studentsreading-room学生阅览室　　      talkstable谈判桌        theforeignlanguagesdepartment外语系2）man,woman,gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。例如：　　  menworkers　　womenteachers　　gentlemenofficials3）有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。例如：　　     goodstrain（货车）         armsproduce　武器生产\n　　　　customspapers海关文件      clothesbrush  衣刷　4）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如：two-dozeneggs　两打鸡蛋　aten-milewalk十英里路two-hundredtrees两百棵树  afive-yearplan.　一个五年计划1.6不同国籍人的单复数国籍总称（谓语用复数）单数复数中国人theChineseaChinese　twoChinese瑞士人theSwissaSwisstwoSwiss澳大利亚人theAustralians　        anAustraliantwoAustralians俄国人theRussiansaRussiantwoRussians意大利人theItaliansanItaliantwoItalians希腊人theGreekaGreektwo\nGreeks法国人theFrenchaFrenchmantwoFrenchmen日本人theJapaneseaJapanesetwoJapanese美国人theAmericansanAmericantwoAmericans印度人theIndiansanIndiantwoIndians加拿大人theCanadiansaCanadiantwoCanadians德国人theGermansaGermanstwoGermans英国人theEnglishanEnglishmantwoEnglishmen瑞典人theSwedishaSwedetwoSwedes　　   　　　      　　　　   　　　1.7名词的格\n　　英语中有些名词可以加"'s"来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：ateacher'sbook。名词所有格的规则如下：1）单数名词词尾加"'s"，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加"'s"，如theboy'sbag男孩的书包，men'sroom男厕所。2）若名词已有复数词尾-s，只加"'"，如：theworkers'struggle　工人的斗争。3）凡不能加"'s"的名词，都可以用"名词+of+名词"的结构来表示所有关系，如：thetitleofthesong歌的名字。4）在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：thebarber's理发店。5）如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，则表示"分别有"；只有一个's，则表示'共有'。例如：John'sandMary'srooms（两间）　　JohnandMary'sroom（一间）6）复合名词或短语，'s加在最后一个词的词尾。例如：amonthortwo'sabsence一、1.8写出下列名词的复数形式1、orange2、class3、text4、monkey5、piano　6、child7、shelf8、bed9、country10、family11、toy12、foot13、Japanese14、radio15、photo16、army17、tomato18、fox19、woman20、knife22、sheep二、选择正确的答案\n1、Allthepeopleattheconferenceare______。a.mathematicteachersc.mathematicsteacherb.mathematicsteachersd.mathematic’steachers2、Allthe______inthehospitalgotariselastmonth。a.womendoctorsc.womandoctorsb.womendoctord.womandoctor3、---Arethereany________onthefarm?---Yes,therearesome。A.horseB.duckC.chickenD.sheep4、---Theyarethirsty.Willyoupleasegivethem______?---Certainly。A.somebottlesofwatersB.somebottlesofwaterC.somebottleofwaterD.somebottleofwaters5、Mikehurtoneofhis______intheaccidentyesterday。A.toothB.feetC.handD.ear6、Thereissome_______ontheplate。A.cakesB.meatC.potatoD.pears7、Thelittlebabyhastwo_______already。A.toothB.toothsC.teethD.teeths8、Weneedsomemore____.Canyougoandgetsome,please?A.potatoB.potatosC.potatoesD.potatoe9、Pleaseremembertogivethehorsesometree___。A.leafsB.leavesC.leafD.leave10、Hegaveus____onhowtokeepfit。A.someadvicesB.someadviceC.anadviceD.aadvice11、Pleasepassme_____。A.twoglassofwaterB.twoglassesofwatersC.twoglassesofwaterD.twoglasswater12、Therearealotof_______downtherebuthardlyany_______。A.sheeps,peopleB.sheep,peopleC.sheeps,peoplesD.sheep,peoples13、Thistableismadeof__________。A.manyglassB.glassesC.someglassesD.glass14、______cangetabetterviewofthegamethantheparticipants。A.Looker-onB.Lookers-onC.Looker-onsD.Lookers-ons15、Some______areflyingkitesneartheriver。A.childB.boyC.boysD.childs16、Mr.Smithalwayshas________totellus。A.somegoodpiecesofnewsB.somepiecesofgoodnewsC.somegoodpieceofnewsD.somepieceofgoodnews17、Twelve_______werehurt,butno_________werelostinthataccident。A.person;lifeB.people;livesC.peoples;livesD.persons;life18、Intheviewoftheforeignexperts,therewasn’t____oilhere。A.muchB.lotsofC.agreatdealofD.many\n19、Thepoliceinvestigatedthose_____abouttheaccident。A.stander-byC.standers-by　B.stander-bysD.standers-bys20、Generallythereare______televisionprogramsforchildrenonSaturday。A.littleB.muchC.alargenumberofD.alargeamountof21、Thereonthewall.Theyareverybeautiful.A.arephotoesB.arephotosC.isaphotoD.isphotos22.ThiskindofcarmadeinShanghai.A.isB.areC.wereD.has23.Therearefourandtwointhegroup.A.Japanese,GermenBJapaneses,GermenC.Japanese,GermanC.Japanese,Germans24.That’aartbook.A.anB.aC.theDare25.Theboyshavegotalready.A.twobreadB.twobreadsC.twopiecesofbreadD.twopieceofbread26.Theoldmanwants.A.sixboxesofapplesB.sixboxesofappleC.sixboxofapplesD.sixboxsofapples27.Theresomeintheriver.A.is,fishB.are,fishsC.is,fishsD.are,fish28.Theretwointhebox.A.iswatchB.arewatchesC.arewatchD.iswatches29.Weshouldcleantwiceaday.A.ourtoothB.ourtoothsC.teethD.ourteeth30.The_____meetingroomisnearthereadingroom.A.teacherB.teacher’sC.teachers’D.teachers31.InBritain_____areallpaintedred.A.letterboxesB.lettersboxesC.letterboxD.lettersbox练习1.Hewaseagertomakesomeextramoney,sinceduringtheseyearshecouldhardlyliveonhis_______.    a．   littlewage    b.fewwage    c.wage    d.wages\n2.Mostofthehousesinthevillagewereburntto______duringthewar.a.       anash   b.theash    c.ash    d.ashes3.Thestudentsatcollegesoruniversitiesaremaking______forthecomingNewYear.a.       manypreparations    b.muchpreparation    c.preparations    d.preparation4.Paintingin_____isoneoftheirspare-timeactivities.a.       oil    b.anoil    c.oils    d.theoil5.Intheviewoftheforeignexperts,therewasn’t____oilhere.a.       much    b.lotsof    c.agreatdealof    d.many6.Thelargehousesarebeingpainted,but______.a.  ofgreatexpense      b.atagreatexpense  c.inalotofexpensesd.byhighexpense7.Theroomwassmallandcontainedfartoo______.a.muchnewfurniture    c.muchnewfurnituresb.manynewfurniture    d.manynewfurnitures8.Jimwaslatefortwoclassesthismorning.Hesaidthatheforgotbothofthe______.a.roomsnumber    b.roomnumber   c.room’snumbers    d.roomnumbers9.Computerscando______workinashorttime,butamancannotdo______byhimself.  agreatmany…many       c.much…agreatdeal  b.agreatdealof…much    d.many…agreatmany10.Shedidn’tknow_____hehadbeengiven.a.       howmanyinformation     c.howmanyinformations\nb.      thenumberofinformation  d.howmuchinformation11.Heinvitedallofhis______tojoinhisweddingparty.a.       comrade-in-arms            c.comrades-in-armb.      comrades-in-arms            d.comrade-in-arm12.Allthe______inthehospitalgotariselastmonth.a.       womendoctors               c.womandoctorsb.      womendoctor                d.womandoctor13.Aftertenyears,alltheseyoungstersbecame_____.a.       growns-ups                     c.growns-upb.      grown-up                       d.grown-ups14.Thepoliceinvestigatedthose_____abouttheaccident.a.        stander-by                 c.standers-byb.        stander-bys                d.standers-bys15.TheNazikeptthose______intheirconcentrationcamp.a.prisoner-of-wars               c.prisoners-of-warb.prisoners-of-wars               d.prisoner-of-war16.Themanagerwasgreatlyappreciatethat_____madebyLindalately.a.      newreel    b.newsreel    c.new-reels    d.newsreels17.Mary’sdressissimilarinappearancetoher______.\n  a.eldersister    b.eldersister’s    c.eldersisters    d.eldersistersdress18.Allthepeopleattheconferenceare______.   a.mathematicteachers   c.mathematicsteacherb.mathematicsteachers  d.mathematic’steachers19.ProfessorMackaytoldusthat______ofleadareitssoftnessanditsresistance.a.        someproperty         c.propertiesb.        someproperties        d.property20.Physics_____withmatterandmotion.a.        deal    b.deals    c.dealing    d.are21.Hehaswrittenseveralbooks,buthislastworks_____wellknownamonghisfriends.a.        have    b.havebeen    c.is    d.are22.Afterhecheckedupmy______heart,thedoctoradvisedhimtorestforafewdays.a.        father-in-law’s     c.father’s-in-lawb.        father-in-law       d.father’s-in-law’s23.Hetoldme_____wouldcometohisbirthdayparty.a.        manyJackfriends     c.manyJack’sfriendb.        Jack’smanyfriends    d.manyfriendsofJack’s24.Ihadmyhaircutatthe_____aroundthecorner.a.barber    b.barbers    c.barber’s    d.barbers’25.Yesterdayeveningwehadalovelyeveningat______.\na.        PeterandHelen’s        c.PeterandHelenb.        PeterandHelens         d.Peter’sandHelen’s26.______receivesonlyasmallportionofthetotalamountofthesun’senergy.a.        Theearth’ssurface         c.Thesurfaceofearthb.        Thesurfaceearth           d.Theearthsurface27.Numerousmaterialsareavailableto______.a.        todayofdesigners            c.today’sofdesignersb.        today’sdesigners             d.todaydesigners28.WhydidyouspeaktoPeterthatway?Don’tyouknowheisanoldfriendof______?a.        mybrother    b.mybrothers    c.mybrother’s     d.mybrother’sfriend29.______isawell-informedman.Hecantellyouanythingyouwanttoknow.a.        ThisJohn’soldfriend          c.That’sJahn’soldfriendb.        ThisoldfriendofJohn          d.ThisoldfriendofJohn’s30.______istoomuchforalittleboytocarry.a.Abike’sweight         c.Theweightofabikeb.Theweightsofabike    d.Bile’sweight31.Generallythereare______televisionprogramsforchildrenonSaturday.\na.        little    b.much    c.alargenumberof    d.alargeamountof32.Whentheygottothelecture-room,therewere______left.a.        onlyfewseats    b.averyfewseats    c.onlyafewseats  d.soafewseats33.______travelsfasterwhenthezipcodeisindicatedontheenvelope.a.        Alittlemail    b.Apieceofmail    c.Amail    d.Asmallmail34.TheDepartmentpurchased______toimprovetheworkingconditionsthere.a.        anewequipment      c.newequipmentsb.        anewpieceofequipment    d.newpiecesofequipments35.Theboytriedhardbuttherehasbeen______inhiswork.a.        littleimprovement    c.manyimprovementsb.        alittleimprovement   d.fewimprovements36.Today’smodernTVcamerasrequire______lightascomparedwiththeearliermodels.a.        onlyafew    b.onlyfew    c.onlyalittle    d.onlylittle37.Nocountrycanaffordtoneglect______.a.        aneducation    b.educations    c.education    d.theeducation38.Pleasewritetheanswerstothequestionsattheendof______.a.        eighthchapter    b.chaptereight    c.eightchapter    d.chaptertheeight39.______isonlysurpassedbythatofmonkeys’andapes’.\na.        Theintelligentdog           c.Theintelligenceofdogsb.        Thedogswhoseintelligence   d.Thedogsbeingintelligent40.All______musttakethegraduateManagementAdmissionTest.a.        businessstudent   b.business’sstudents   c.businessstudents   d.business’sstudent41.______anywhereintheUnitedStatescostslessthanadollarwhenyoudialityourself.a.        Threeminutescall    c.Athree-minutescallb.        Three-minutecall     d.Athree-minutecall42.The______aboutnuclearenergyrevolvesaroundthewasteproblem.a.        public’schiefconcern    c.chiefpublicconcernb.        publicchiefconcern      d.chiefconcernofpublic’s43.______thefirstandlargestethnicgrouptoworkontheconstructionofthetranscontinentalrailroad.a.  Chinesewere    b.TheChinesewas    c.Chinesewas    d.TheChinesewere44.______cangetabetterviewofthegamethantheparticipants.a.        Looker-on    b.Lookers-on    c.Looker-ons    c.Lookers-ons45.Agroupofspectatorswasdispersedbythepolicewho______atthesceneoftheaccidentswithinminutes.a.        were    b.havebeen    c.was    d.hasbeen46.Ourlivestock______notasnumerousastheyusedtobe.a.        is    b.are    c.be    d.been\n47.Oneofthemostsurprisingthingsisthat______maycomefrompetroleum.a.        muchoftomorrowfood        c.manyoftomorrow’sfoodb.        muchofthefoodoftomorrow   d.muchoftomorrow’sfood48.Scottisanorphanbuthereceived______.a.        verygoodeducation              c.averygoodeducationb.        verygoodeducations             d.manygoodeducations49.Afterseveralday’shardworking,wehavemade______onthedesign.a.        muchimprovement                 c.manyimprovementb.        severalimprovements               d.someimprovement50.Theboywasveryhappythathismotherboughthimanewpairofshoesata______yesterday.a.        shoesshop    b.shoeshop    c.shoes’sshop    d.shoe’s51.Eggs,thoughnourishing,have______offatcontent.a.        largenumber    b.alargenumber    c.ahighamount    d.thehighamount52.Hehasdonesome______onthatsubjectfromvariousanglesoverthepasttenyears.a.        research    b.aresearch    c.researches    d.theresearches53.Recently,hehaslostallhis______.a.        wageandsavingatcard        c.wagesandsavingatcard\nb.        wagesandsavingsatcard       d.wagesandsavingsatcards54.Thecountry’swealthcomeschieflyfromitsmany______.a.        herdofcattle    b.heardofcattles    c.herdsofcattle    d.herdsofcattles55.InBritainthe______areallpaintedred.a.        letterboxes    b.lettersbox    c.lettersboxes    d.letters’sbox56.Tenyearshadpassed.Ifoundshehad______.a.        alittlewhitehair         c.afewwhitehairb.        somewhitehair          d.muchwhitehair57.Allhis______farfromsatisfactiona.        conductis    b.conductare    c.conductsis    d.conductswillbe58.Althoughthetownhadbeenattackedbythestormseveraltimes,______wasdone.a.        afewdamages    b.fewdamages    c.littledamage    d.alittledamage59.Hewas______whattodo.a.        athiswitend    b.athiswitsend    c.athiswit’send    d.athiswits’send60.Wouldyouliketohaveacupofteaand______withme?atwotoasts    b.twopiecesoftoast   c.twopieceoftoasts    d.towpiecesoftoasts61.Accurate______coveringthefactarenotobtainable.a.        datum    b.datums    c.data     d.datas\n62.OnMondaymorningsometeachersexchangedafew______.a.        how-are-yous              c.how-are-you’sb.        ofhow-are-you’s           d.ofhowareyou63.Albertsaidhemetthegirl______a.        athisuncle’sSmithroom       c.athisuncleSmith’sroomb.        atSmith’shisuncle’sroom      d.attheroomofhisuncle’sSmith’s64.ItisfourmonthssinceIlastsawKeats______.a.        atMrtSmith’s,thebookseller      c.atmyaunt’s,abooksellerb.        atmyaunt’s,MrsPalmer’s         d.atMrsPalmer’s,thebookseller’s65.Thisroomis______.a.        theeditor’s-in-chief’soffice           c.theeditor-in-chief’sofficeb.        theeditor-in-chiefoffice              d.theeditor’s-in-chiefoffice66.Myoldclassmate,ComradeSun,worksat______.a.        ateachercollege          c.ateacher’scollegeb.        ateachers’scollege        d.acollegeofateacher’s67.Thepolicemenputthecriminal______.a.        inairon    b.intoairon    c.inirons    d.intoapairofiron68.Ourteachergaveme______.\na.        anadvice    b.theadvice    c.manyadvice    d.muchadvice69.Mymothercuttheclothwith______scissors.a.        a     b.two    c.acoupleof    d.apairof70.Myhouseiswithin______fromtherailwaystation.  a.astone’sthrow    b.athrowofastone    c.stone’sthrow    d.thestone’sthrow定义】　　　　介词表示的是它后面的名词或代词与句中其他某个成分之间的关系。介词在句中不能单独使用，它必须与它的宾语构成介词短语后才能作句子成分。　　　　【用法】　　　　①作定语:介词短语在句中作定语时，放在所修饰的名词之后。e.g.HeisthemonitorofClassFour.他是四班班长。　　　　②作状语：介词短语作状语，用来修饰句中的动词。　　　　e.g.Wedoeyeexercisesatnineeverymorning.我们每天上午九点钟做眼保健操。　　　　注意：在含有介词短语作状语的句子中，状语按照先地点（由小到大），再方式，最后时间（由小到大）的顺序排列。　　　　e.g.HearrivedinParisbyairat9:00.他9点钟乘飞机到了巴黎。　　　　③作表语:介词短语作表语时往往与连系动词一起使用。　　　　e.g.Itsoundslikefun.这听起来很有趣。　　　　【常用易混介词】　　　　1.in,at,on与表示时间、地点的词连用　　　　表示时间时，in后接表示一段时间的词，如：年、月、星期、四季或morning,afternoon,evening(注意：noon,night前用at)，但当morning或Sunday等前有this,that,next,last等词修饰时，一般不用介词。　　　　at\n多用于钟点时刻前，所表示的时间大多比较短暂。　　　　e.g.ataquartertoeleven  在10:45　　　　on主要用在星期几、具体某一天或某一天的早、午、晚或节日前。　　　　e.g.onMid-AutumnDay在中秋节  onJune2nd在六月二日　　　　表示地点时，in与表示“国家”、“城市”等大地方的词连用。　　　　e.g.inShanghai  在上海   inChina在中国　　　　at用于小地点前。in表示“在……里面、内部、某一范围内”，on表示“在……上”。　　　　e.g.atthedesk在桌子旁　　　　onthetree表示树上长的东西“在树上”。　　　　inthetree表示人或其他东西“在树上”。　　　　onthewall表示东西张贴或挂“在墙上”。　　　　inthewall表示门、窗等嵌“在墙上”。　　　　2.in,to,on与表示方位的词连用　　　　in表示在某地区范围之内；to表示在某地区范围以外；表示与某地接壤用on。　　　　e.g.ShanghaiisintheeastofChina.上海位于中国东部。　　　　JapanistotheeastofChina.  日本在中国的东边。　　　　ThePacificOceanisontheeastofChina.太平洋在中国的东边。　　　　3.between和among表示“在……中间”　　　　between表示两者之间;among表示在三者或三者以上之间。　　　　e.g.MikesitsbetweenPeterandme.迈克坐在彼得和我之间。　　　　Hisparentswereamongthosepeople.他的父母在那些人中间。　　　　4.with和in表示“用……”　　　　表示“用……工具”用with;\n表示“用……材料、语言、声音”用in。　　　　e.g.Pleasewritewithapen.请用钢笔写。　　　　SayitinEnglish,please.请用英语说。　　　　5.across和through表示“穿过”的区别　　　　两者都用于表示“穿过，越过”，across含有“从……表面穿过”之意，表示游渡、乘船过海或过河时用across;through含有“从……内部穿过”之意。　　　　e.g.Thetrainisrunningthroughthetunnel.火车正穿过隧道。　　　　Thetrainisrunningacrossthebridge.火车正穿过大桥。　　　　6.but,besides和except表示“除了”　　　　but表示“除……之外”，常与有否定意义的词连用;except表示“除……之外（不再有）”，指从整体中排除except所带人或物，前面常有all,every,any,no及其他复合词，但在否定句中，except却没有排斥性；besides表示“除了……之外（还有）”，它的意义是在原来的基础上加上besides除外的人或物，其前常有another,other,anyother,afew等词。　　　　e.g.We'vehadnothingbuttroublewiththiscar.我们这辆车净出毛病。　　　　SheknowsnothingexceptEnglish.她除了英语之外，什么也不懂。　　　　WeallwenttovisitthezooexceptLiLei.除了李雷外，我们都去了动物园。　　　　LiLeialsowenttotheparkbesidesyou.除了你之外，李雷也去了公园。　　　　【跟踪练习】　　　　用括号中适当的介词填空。　　　　1.Hearrived________(at,in)Shanghai_________(in,on,at)themorningofJanuary1st.　　　　2.Thegirlwentoutoftheroom_______(with,without)sayinganything.　　　　3.Thereisaclock__________(on,over,above)thewall.　　　　4.Wehavenoclasses________(on,at,in,with)Sunday.　　　　5.Shegoestothestation_______(on,at,in,with)abus.　　　　6.Myanswerisdifferent_________(from,at,for)\nyours.　　　　7.I'minterested_____________(at,with,in)thestory.　　　　8.Nancylooked_____________(for,like,along)herdogeverywhere.　　　　9.Tomisveryfond____________(in,with,of)thesea.　　　　10.I'llbehere____________(at,in,on,for)fiveo'clock.介词的用法1、表示时间的（at、on、in、at、before,after、by、until、through、from、since、within）(1)at:用于表示时刻，时间的某一点。atnoon在午时     atnight在夜间atpresent目前(2)on:用于星期，某天，某一天的上午、下午、晚上(指具体的某一天时，一律用)          OnSunday在星期天onSundaymorning在星期天的上午  onMarch8  在3月8日(3)in:用于表示周、月、季节、年、泛指上午、下午、晚上。in1999  在1999年  inNovember  在11月份  insummer在夏季  intheafternoon在下午过……后(未来时间)Ithinkhewillbebackinanhour.我想他一小时后就会回来。Iheardthatshewouldbebackinamonth.我听说她一个月后回来的。(4)before：在……之前  WeiHuagotupbefore7o’clockthismorning.今天早晨，魏华在7点之前起床了。(5)after：在……之后  Afterthat,nonoeshouldeverkillaseagull.  从那时起，任何人不得捕杀海鸥。(6)by：在……前(时间)，截止(到)……  BythetimeIarrived,shehadalreadygone.  在我到达之前，她已经走了。(7)for：达……之久(表示过了多少时间),可以和一般现在时，过去时，将来时连用，但是经常和完成时连用。Florenceoftenworkedfortwenty-fourhourswithoutrest.弗洛沦斯常常工作24小时而不休息。（8）during：在……期间  Duringthelifetimeofoneman,NorthAmericaandEurope  willmorefurtherapartbynearlytwometres\n.在一个人的一生期间，北美洲和欧洲由于漂移，其间的距离将要增加差不多两米。(9）through：一直……(从开始到结束)He,wholedtheUnitedStatesthroughtheseyears,wasshot  onApril14,1865,atatheaterinWashington  领导美国度过了这些年代的他，于1865年4月14日在美国华盛顿一家戏院里被人枪杀。(10）from：从……起(时间)Thewordersweremadetoworkfrom7inthemorningto7intheevening.工人们被迫从早7点工作到晚7点。(11）since：自从……以来(表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续)  Sincethattime,myeyeshadneverbeenverygood.从那时起，我的眼睛一直不是很好。(12)within:不……超过的范围  Hewillarrivewithinanhour.他一小时内就人到。2、表示地点（at、in、on、under、over、above、below、near、by、between、among、around、around、infrontof、behind、in、into、outof、along、across、,through、to、for、from)(1)     at:在某地点(表示比较狭窄的场所)  atschool上学athome在家  at320XinfuDistrict在新抚区320号  atthestation在火车站  (2)in:在某地(表示比较宽敞的场所)  ShewillarriveinShanghaiatten.10点她将到达上海。(3)表示地点方向的on,under,over,above,below①on:在……上面，有接触面  onthetable在桌子上面②above:在……上方  SometimesJulianacouldhearplanesabovethetrees.  有时朱莉安娜能听到树林上空的飞机声。③over:在……正上方，是under的反义词  Overthesetombs,theybuiltpyramids.在这些坟墓上，他们建起了金字塔。④under：在……下面，在……之内Thetwinsistersputthebasketunderthetree.这姐俩把篮子放到了树下。⑤below：在……下方，(不一定是正下方)Threethousandmetresbelowher,shecouldseenothingexceptthethickjungle.3000米以下，除了茂密的丛林之外，她什么也看不见。(4)near,by①near:近的，不远的(=notfar)是的反义词,near还可以指时间，inthenearfuture在不远的将来。  Green’slakewasasmalllakenearhishome.格林湖是他家附近的一个小湖。②by:在……旁边，比的距离要近Julianawalkedbythesideoftheriverforsixmorelongdays\n.朱莉安娜沿着河岸又走了足足6天。(5)between,among,around①between:在两者之间  ThedifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglisharenotverygreat.美国英语和英国英语之间的差别不是很大。②among:在三者或者更多的之中TherearesomeAmericanstudentsamongus.在我们中间有几个美国学校。③around:环绕，在…..的周围，在……的四周  Theyarrivedatavalleywithhighmountainsallaroundit.他们到达了四周有高山环绕的山谷(6)infrontof,behind①infrontof:在……的前面  Thereisacarinfrontofthehouse.房子前面有一辆小汽车。②behind:在…..后边Arethereanycowsbehindthehouse?房子后面有一些牛吗？(7)in,into,outof①in:在…..之内，用于表示静止的位置  Therearefourgirlsintheroom.房间里有4个女孩。②into:进入,用于表示有特定终点的运动方向，通常用于表示动作的动作之后。如:come,go,walk,jump,run..  Shetookmefromthehallintomyclassroom.她把我从门厅带进我的教室里边去。(8)along,across,through①along:沿着  GoalongZhongshanRoadandturnrightatthesecondcrossing.  沿着中山路走然后在第二个十这路口向右拐。②across:横过(平面物体)Veryslowly,thecontinentsaremovingacrossthefaceoftheworld.各个洲在地球表面缓缓漂移。③through:贯通，通过ThestudentswalkedthroughthegatewithUncleWang.学生们随着王叔叔通过大门。(9)to,for,from①到达……地点(目的地)或方向  Where’sJack?HehasgonetoLondon.杰克上哪了？他去伦敦了。②for：表示目的，为了……Doyouknowwhathecomesherefor?你知道他为什么来这儿吗？③from：从……地点起  HowfarisitfromLondontoNew\nYork?  从伦敦到纽约有多远？3、表示手段和材料的介词用（1）with①和……在一起Theseplateskeepmoving,likegreatships,carryingthecontinentswiththem.这些板块载着各个大陆，像航船一样不断地漂移。②具有，带有Apersonwithgoodmannersisalwayskindand  polite.有礼貌的人总是和和气气，彬彬有礼的。③用某种工具或方法Hecouldswimwithsomespecialswimmingshoes.穿着一些特制的游泳鞋，他能游泳。(2）in:表示用什么材料(例如：墨水，铅笔等)或用什么语言。表示衣着，声调特点时，不用with而用in。What’sthisinEnglish.这个用英语怎么说？(3）by:通过……方法，手段Whatdoyoumeanbytheword“island”？“island”是什么意思Iprefertravelingbytrain.我更喜欢乘火车旅行。4、其他(1）of,from①of  属于)……的，表示…..的数量或种类  Itwasbeginningoftheterm.这是学期开始的时候。②from:来自(某地，某人)，以….起始  SheisaladyfromCanada.她是一位加拿大的女士。(2)without,like,as①without:没有，是with的反义词Sheoftenworkedfortwenty-fourwithoutrest.她通常工作24小时而不休息。②like:像……一样  Likemanychildrenofherage,DingFangisaYoungPioneer.像很多同龄的孩子一样同，丁芳是个少先队员。③as:作为Theyarecarryingusaspassengers.它们把我们当作乘客运载着。(3)against:反对。靠着Everyonetriedtofightagainstthelocusts.所有的人奋力扑打蝗虫。(4)about:①关于，各处，四周Nightingalewroteabookaboutnursing.南丁格尔写了一部关于护理方面的书。\n②询问某人，某物的情况或提出建议Whataboutyourfamily?你家里人怎么样？1()1Childrengetgifts____Christmasand____theirbirthdays.A.on;onB.at;onC.in;inD.in;on()2-Thereisnothing____tomorrowafternoon,isthere?-No.Wecanhaveagameoftabletennis.A.onB.inC.outD.up()3Alotofstudentsinourschoolwereborn____March,1981.A.inB.atC.onD.since()4tiesuddenlyreturned____arainynight.A.onB.atC.inD.during()5Mygrandfatherwasborn____Oct.10,1935.A.onB.inC.atD.of()6Thetrainisstarting___fiveminutes.A.inB.atC.forD.still()7Mikedoeshisexercises____seven_____theevening.A.on;toB.at;inC.by;ofD.at;on2()1Thepopulationoftheworldhasgrownveryfast____fourhundredyears.A.forpasttheB.inthepassC.inthepastD.forpast()2Wereturnedtoourhometown___.A.nextweekB.inthelastweekC.lastweekD.foraweek()3Greatchangeshavetakenplace___.A.inthelastfewyearB.inthelastfewyearsC.lastyearD.onthelastyear3()1Childrenwakeupveryearly____themorningofChristmasDay.A.inB.onC.forD.at()2____acoldwintermorning,Imetherinthestfeet.A.InB.OnC.AtD.For()3Ithappenedtobeverycold____themorningofoursportsmeet.A.atB.onC.withD.of()4Whydidyougetupsoearly___thismorning.A.onB./C.atD.in4()1HewenttoShanghai___September3,1991andcameback___acoldmorninglastyear.A.in;onB.on;inC.on;onD.in;ia()2Lucywasborn____thenightofMay12,1984.....A.onB.inC.atD.to()3MrsBrowncametoChina____1996.A.onB.ofC.to,D.in()4___themorningofNovember20,1915,theworkerscametoChicagotoshowtheirmourning___Joe\nHill.A.On;toB.In;of.C.On;for,D.At;for()5Annmoved___Hangzhou___September,1992.A./;iniB.to;inC.to;onD,in;in()6Theystartedoff___anautumnafternoon.A.duringB.atC.inD.on5()1Heoftengoes____school____sixthirty____themorning.A.for;to;inB.to;atinC.to;for;atD,for;at;to()2Hearrived___Shanghai___9:30___March5.fA.at;in;atB.to;on;atC.in;on;atD.in;at;on()3TheEnglishteachertoldmetogetthere____halfpastten.A:inB.atC.onD.of()4Thechildrengetup___6o'clock.A.atB.onC.duringD.in6()1Thedoctorworked___fivehours___arest.A.for;withB.on;withoutC.about;havingD.for;without()2Iworkedontheproblem____alongtimeandIworkeditout____myself____last.A.for;by;atB.in;with;onC.on;by;inD.for;for;atthe()3Anewfactorywillbesetup:___ayear.^'lotaeA.forB.inC.afterD.on()4Twoyears___hebegantowriteanotherstory-book.A.afterB.later;C.inD.late()5Wewillfinishthepictureaday.A.inB.onC.afterD.on()6Theworkershadbeen____strike____almostamonth.A.on;inB.at;inC.on;forD.on;during()7MrBrownhadlain____theground____fourhoursbeforetheyfinallyfoundhim.A.on;forB.at;inC.on;afterD.in;during7()1Theteacheriscomingback___anhour.A.afterB.forC.inD.before()2Shelivedinthemountainvillage____theyears1940-1950.A.betweenB.duringC.inD.since()3MissWangwillcometoBeijing____twodays.A.afterB.inC.onD.before()4TheAmericanCivilWarlastedfouryearsbeforetheNorthwon____theend.A.byB.atC.inD.on8()7Maryhadfinishedherhomework____thetimeIgothome.A.untilB.byC.atD.when()2Westayedatthelab___ourteacher\nreturned.A.tillB.byC.duringD.while()3Theydidn'tleavethestation___theygetonthetrain.A.untilB.byC.afteryD.at91Don'tworry.Hewillreturn____.A.beforelongB.longbeforeC.longlongagoD.longago2Therelivedanoldman,fishingatsea____.A.longbeforeB.beforelongC.longtimeagoD.soon3Itwasnot_____theycameback.A.longbeforeB.beforelongC.longtimebeforeD.longafter4IwastoldthathisunclehadgonetoFrance.A.longbefore-B.shortlyafterC.beforelongD.longago10()1___Tomgetsupatfiveinthemorning.A.SometimeB.SometimesC.SometimeD.Sometimes()2Irememberwemeteachother___lastyear.A.Sometime'B.sometimesC.sometimeD.sometimes()3MaryandIhavebeentotheGreatWall,___.A.sometimeB.sometimeC.sometimesD.sometimes()4HestudiedEnglishfor____inLondon,andthenhewenttoAmerica.A.sometimesB.sometimenewB.sometimeB.sometimes11()1Idon'tliketosit___Tom'sright.Iwouldliketosit___thebackrow.A.on;inB.in;onC.on;atD.at;on()2Thereisabrook____redflowersandgreengrass___bothsides.A.ofwithB.with;onC.of;atD.with;in()3Therearemanytrees___oftheroad!And____ofthetreesisgrowinglargerandlarger.......A.onbothside;anumberB.oneachsides;anumberC.onbothsides;thenumberD.oneveryside;thenumber12()1Theplaneisflying_____.A.intheskyB.in.theairC.inspaceD.insky()2Thereisasweetsmell___.A.intheairB.intheopenairC.intheskyD.inthespace()3Weheldaninterestingparty___.A.intheairB.intheskyC.intheopenairD.inspace()4Seenfrom___,theearthappearstobeabigblueball.A.thespaceB.spaceC.aspaceD.thisspace13()1Tomsits____theclassroomwhileJohnsits____theroom.A.infrontof;atbackofB.inthefrontof;atthebackofC.infrontof;atthebackofD.inthefrontof;atbackof()2Lucysits____thethirdrow,____Jim's\nleft.A.on;onB.in;atC.at;inD.in;on()3Jiangsuis___theeastofChina,butJapanis___theeastofChina.A.to;inB.in;to.C.on;toD.to;on14()1.-CanIlookupaword____yourdictionary?-Ihaven'tgot____me.A.into;aboutB.in;withC.at;inD.on;on()21likemooncakes____meat____them.A.in;onB.with;onC.in;theD.with;in()3Whenyouare___troublepleaseaskhelp___us.A.in;fromB.in;forC.on;fromD.on;of()4Theshopkeepersaidtheyhadsoldouttheshoes____yoursize.A.aboutB.inC.toD.of()5Isawhim___hurryatthemoment.A.inaB.inC.onD.ona15()1Heputupamap___thebackwallbecausetherewasahole___it.A.on;onB.at;inC.on;inD.on;at()2Thereisadoor___thewall."ta^ncA.onB.toC.ofD.in()3ThiskindofVCDismade____China..A.inB.fromC.atD.on()4Anyman___eyes______hisheadcanseethathe'sexactlylikearope.A.with;onB.with;inC.on;withD.in;with16()1Therearesomebirdssinging___thetrees.A.inB.onC.atD.from()2Don'tread____thesun.It'sbad___youreyes.A.in;toB.under;forC.with;toD.in;on()3Thewoman____abluedressismyteacher.A.inB.onC.ofD.at()4Therearesomanyapples___thattree.A.inJB,onC.at,D.from17()1Theboatispassing___thebridge.A.throughB.belowC.underD.across()2Twoplanesareflying___thecity.A.throughB.over,C.on,D,below()3Wecanseeariverrunningtotheeast____thehill.A.underB.belowC.overD.on()4Doyouseethekite___thebuilding.A.overB.crossC.onD.above18()1TheUnitedStatesis____thesouthofCanadaand___theeastof\nJapan.A.to;inB.on;toC.in;besideD.at;on()2Myhometownlies___thecity.___Ioftengotothecitybybike.A.50milesintheeast;HoweverB.totheeast40milesof;ButC.intheeast45milesfrom;ButD.35mileseastof;However()3Themanstood____thewindow,watchingtheboysplayingoutside.A.inB.byC.withD.to()4Japanlies____theeastofChina.A.onB/toC.inD.with19()1Isthestreettoonarrowforthebustogo___?A.throughB.acrossC.onD.in()2Amothercamelwaswalking___herson___thedesert.A.without;alongB.with;throughC.nextto;passD.beside;through()3Theriverruns____thecity.A.acrossB.throughC.overD.from()4Ittookusoveranhourtowalk____thisstreet.A.fromB.throughC.overD.across20()1UncleWangarrived____No.14MiddleSchoolhalfanhourago.A.atB.inC.,to^D./()2Didyourfriendsendyousomething___theendoflastweek?A.atB.byC.inD.to()3Themonument____thoseheroesstands____thefootofthemountain.A.of;atB.to;onC.for;byD.to;at()4Myunclelives____88BeijingStreet.A.toB.ofC.atD.on()5Theyarewaiting___abus___thebusstop.A.for;inB.on;atC.with;atD.for;at21()1Woodisoftenmade___paper.A.byB.fromC.ofD.into()2___research___theuniversescientistshaveputalotofinformation___computers.A.With;over;atB."On;at;toC.In;about;intoD.For;with;through()3;Whenapieceoficeistaken____awarmroom,itgetssmallerandsmalleruntil___theenditdisappearscompletely.A.in;inB.outof;atC.into;inD.to;by()4Awomanfell___theboat___thewater.A.off;intoB.at;belowC.down;underD.away;in22()1Thetablesintherestaurantaresoclosetogetherthatthere'shardlyanyroomtomove___them.A.amongB.betweenC.inthemiddleofD.atthecentre\nof()2Englishiswidelyusedforbusiness____differentcountries.A.betweenB.toC.forD.on()3Isthereanydifference____thesetwosentences?A.forB.inC.amongD.between()4Wevisitedhimathisworkplace___theyoungtreesandaskhimabouthiswork.EA.inB.amongC.betweenD.at()5Thereisthedifference___ChinesefoodandAmericanfood.A.fromB.atC.betweenD.by()6Thepolicestationis___theclothingshop___thepostoffice.A.between;andB.among;andC.near;ofD.on;right()7Heis____thegreatestscientistsintheworld.A.amongB.betweenC.inD.of23() 1Thereisabook-store___ourhouse.A.atB.throughC.acrossD.near()2Ourheadmastershowedthevisitors____ourschool.A.toB.forC.around-;D.near()3Themoonisthe___totheearth.A.closedB.nearC.nearestD.close24() 1Wehaveclasseseveryday____Sunday.A.besideB.besidesC.exceptD.exceptfor()2Nobodyknewit____me.A.butB.besideC.besidesD.without()3Whatdoyouspendyourtimeon___workandstudy?A.exceptB.besidesC.butD.without()4Doyouknowanyotherforeignlanguage____English.A.withoutB.besideC.besidesD.except()5Weneedfifteenmorepeople____thetwentyofustodothejob.A.besidesB.andC.exceptD.without()6NooneknewwhereMrSmithlived____hisdaughter.A.besidesB.andC,onlyD.except25()1_____thehelpoftheteacher,Tomhasmaderapidprogress____hisstudies.A.For;atB.Of;forC.By;onD.With;in()2Thechildrenareinterested___thissubject.A.toB.withC.inD.at()3Hismotheroftenhelpshim___Englishsohedoesbetter___Englishthanothers.;A.with;inB.on;inC.in;withD.with;at()4I'velostmy\ninterest____physics.A.inB.onC.atD.for()5Hedroveaway___thedirectionofLondon.A.inB.atC.toD.for()6Theletterwaswritten___ink.A.withB.inC.byD.at26()1___themoney,sheboughtanewcoat___herfather.A.With;forB.With;toC.For;withD.To;with()2WeiHuagetsonwell___herclassmates.A.withB.inC.toD.at()3Thereissomethingwrong___mybike.A.atB.inC.onD.with()4Theyarefillingtheirbags____booksandotherthings.A.inB.withC.ofD.by()5Whentheteacherheardustalkinginclass,hewasveryangry____A.toB.withC.forD.of()6WeusuallycovertheChristmastrees____colourlights.A.inB.useC.forD.with27()1-Hissuddendeathsurprisedhiswife.-Itwassobad.Hiswifewassurprised____hisdeath.A.byB.withC.atD.on()2Don'tlaugh____him,heonlymadeasmallmistake.A.atB.toC.aboutD.over()3Theboycriedout___thetopofhisvoice.A.atB.inC.onD.to28()TWeChinesepeopleareall___ourmotherland.A.famousforB.proudofC.busywithD.goodat()2Thebeautifulbottlewasmade____glass.A.fromB.inC.ofD.by()3Thisisamap___China.A.inB.atC.ofD.on()4Agroup___boysandgirlsaredancinginthepark.A.withB.ofC.forD.to29()1Theyaregettingready____fly____England____theirholiday.A.for;to;toB.to;to;forC.for;for;toD.to;to;to()2Whatdidyouhave___breakfast?A.atB.asC.forD.about()3Theywereinvitedtoanimportantball____thefirsttime____theirlives.A.for;inB.at;inC.on;forD.in;with()4Tomalwayscomeslate____school.A.at.B.insideC.toD.\nfor()5MrSmithcaughthold___Bobandsaid,"Thisisagoodlesson___you.A.of;forB.for;ofC.of;ofD.for;for()6Theshop___clothesistherightside___thestreet.A.of;at;besideB.for;on;atC.for;on;ofD.of;in;of参考答案：1.1-7BAAAAAB 2.1-3CCB3.1-4BBBB 4.1-6CADBAD 5.1-4BDBA6.1-7BABBACA7.1-4CBBC8.1-3BAA9.1-4AAAA 10.1-4BADC 11.1-3ABC12.1-4AACB 13.1-3BDB 14.1-5BDABA15.1-4CDAB16.1-4AAAB17.1-4CBBD18.1-4BBBB19.1-4ABBB20.1-5AADCD21.1-5DCCA22.1-7BADBCAA23.1-3DCC24.1-6CABCAD25.1-6DCAAAB26.1-6AADBBD27.1-3CAA28.1-4BCCB29.1-6BCACAC