初中被动语态讲解和练习 4页

被动语态一、概念：语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。二、主动句变为被动句的步骤：1•把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语2.把动词变为被动形式即be+过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。3.原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。4.其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。三、被动语态的用法：1.一般现在时的被动语态构成：is/am/are+及物动词的过去分词Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.Mymotherasksmetostudyhard・2.一般过去时的被动语态构成：was/were+及物动词的过去分词Anewshopwasbuiltlastyea匚3.现在完成时的被动语态构成：has/have+been+及物动词的过去分词Thisbookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.Manyman-madesatelliteshavebeensentupintospacebymanycountries-4.一般将來时的被动语态构成：will+be+及物动词的过去分词Anewhospitalwillbebuiltinourcity・Manymoretreeswillbeplantednextyear.5.含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词Youngtreesmustbewateredoften.Yourmistakesshouldbecorrectedrightnow・Thedoormaybelockedinside.Yourhomeworkcanbehandedintomorrow・6.现在进行时的被动语态构成：am/is/are+being+及物动词的过去分词7.不定式的被动语态：to+be+及物动词的过去分词Therearetwobookstoberead・Therearetwentymoretreestobeplanted.3.感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态屮不带to,但变为被动语态日寸、须加上too例:makesomebodydosomething^somebody+be+madetodosomethingseesomebodydosomething—>somebody+be+seentodosomethingAgirlsawmywalletdropwhenshepassedby.—>Mywalletwasseentodropbyagirlwhenshepassedby.Thebossmadethelittleboydoheavywork.—>Thelittleboywasmadetodoheavyworkbytheboss・4.如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，可以使用直接宾语也可以使用间接宾语作被动语态句子的主语。使用直接宾语（物）作主语时，要在动词后加上介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。Hegavemeabook・—Abookwasgiventomebyhim.Heshowedmeaticket・—>Aticketwasshowntomebyhim.Myfatherboughtmeanewbike・\n—>Anewbikewasboughtformebymyfather.3.一些动词短语用于被动语态吋，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。Wecan'tlaughathim.—>Hecan'tbelaughedatbyus.Helistenstotheradioeveryday.—>Theradioislistenedtobyhimeveryday.Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman.—>Thesickmanisbeingtakencareofbythenurse・不用被动语态的情况1）不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态（即多数的瞬间动词）：appear,die（死亡）.disappear（7肖失）,end（vi.结束），fail,happen,last，lie,remain,sit,spread,standbreakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace・女口：Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.比较：rise,fall,happen是不及物动词；raise,seat是及物动词。（错）Thepricehasbeenrisen.（对）Thepricehasrisen.（错）Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek・（对）Theaccidenthappenedlastweek・（错）Thepricehasraised・（对）Thepricehasbeenraised.（错）Pleaseseat.（对）Pleasebeseated・要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。2）不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watch,agreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto如:Thiskeyjustfitsthelock.被动语态练习一、选择题（）1.anewlibraryinourschoollastyear?A.Is;builtB・Was;bulitC.Does;buildD.Did;build（）2.Anaccidentonthisroadlastweek・A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened（）3.CottoninthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrownB.aregrownC・growsD・grow（）4.Sofar,themoonbymanalready・A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited（）5.AtalkonChinesehistoryintheschoolhallnextweek.A.isgivenB・hasbeengivenC・willbegivenD.gives（）6.Howmanytreesthisyear?A.areplantedB.willplantC・havebeenplantedD.planted（）7.Alotofthingsbypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.A.aredoingB・arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD・willbedone（）8.NeitheroftheminChina.A.ismadeB・aremadeC・weremadeD.made\n（）9.Look!Anicepictureforourteacher.A.isdrawingB.isbeingdrawnC.hasbeendrawnD.draws（）10.Yourshoes.Youneedanewpair.A.wearoutB.wornoutC・arewornoutD.isworn()11.Thedoctorforyet.A・isn'tsentB.hasrftbeensentC.won'tbesentD.wasn'tsent()12.-Whenthiskindofcomputers?-Lastyear.A.did;useB.was;usedC・is;usedD.are;used()13.TheGreatWallallovertheworld.A.knowsB.knewC•isknownD・wasknown()14.1insummer.A.bomB.wasbomC・havebeenbornD・amborn()15.HesaysthatMrZhangtothefactorynextweek・A.issentB.wouldsendC.wassentD.willbesent()16.Whothisbook?A.did;writtenB・was;writtenbyC・did;writtenD.was;written()17.Maryshowmehernewdictionary・A.hasaskedtoB.wasaskedtoC.isaskedD.asksto()1&AstorybyGrannyyesterday・A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus()19.Themonkeywasseenoffthetree.A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump()20.Theschoolbagbehindthechai匚A.putsB.canbeputC.canbeputtedD.canput()21.Olderpeoplewell.A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafterC・mustlookafterD.Iookedafter()22.Ourteachercarefully・A.shouldbelistenedtoB.shouldbelistenC・belistenedD・islistened二、将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词。1.Wecanfinishtheworkintwodays.Theworkintwodays.2.TheyproducesilkinSuzhou・SilkinSuzhou・3.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong・AnEnglishsongbythechildren.4.Youneedn^doitnow.Itbyyounow・5.LucysentmeaNewYearCardlastweek・ANewYearCardherbymelastweek・6.Peopleusemetalformakingmachines・Metalformakingmachines・7.Hemademedothatforhim.1thatforhim.8.1havegiventhisbooktothelibrary.Thisbooktothelibrary.9.Didtheybuildabridgehereayearago?abridgeherebythemayearago?10.We'llputonanEnglishplayinourschool.AnEnglishplayoninourschool.11.MoreandmorefarmersbuycolorTVsets.ColorTVsetsmoreandmorefarmers・12.Mybrotheroftenmendshiswatch.Hiswatchbymybrother.13.Wemustwatertheflowerseveryday.Theflowersmust(byus)everyday.14.Theyuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knivesforcuttingthings.\n9.Hemadethefarmersworkforalongtime.Thefarmersforalongtime.10.Didhebreakthewindowyesterday?thewindowyesterday?11.Theyhavesoldoutthelightgreendresses・Thelightgreendressesout.12.Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroomeveryday.13.Youmustnotplanttreesinverydryearth・Treesinverydryearth.14.Youcandigaholeintheearth・AHoleintheearth・三、用动词的正确语态填空。1.Thestudentsoften(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs・2.Thatplay(put)onagainsometimenextmonth.3.Theoldmanisill.He(mustsend)tothehospital.4.Vegetables,eggsandfruits(sell)inthisshop.5・Whataknife(make)of?It(make)ofmetalandwood.3.APianoconcert(give)herelastFriday.4.themagazine(cantake)outofthelibrary?5.Theroom(clean)bymeeveryday・6.Thestars(cansee)inthedaytime・7.Someflowers(water)byLiMingalready.8.Thesekindsofmachines(make)inJapan.9.Apples(grow)inthisfarm.10.Russian(learn)asthesecondlanguagebysomestudentsinChina.11.Planes,carsandtrains(use)bybusinesspeoplefortravelling.12.Thecinema(build)in1985.13.Thebike(mustnotput)here.14.Abeautifulhorse(draw)byJohnnextday.15.Thiskindofmachine(canmade)byuncleWang・16.Mr.Green(open)twonewschool.17.ThePLA(found)onAugust1st,1927.