初中定语从句讲解及练习文库 7页

初中走语从句讲解及练习一、定义：在复合句中，修饰告一名词亂代词的从句叫做定语从句。如：1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫丸行词,定语从句放在丸行词的后面。*引导定语从句的词有关糸代词that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)和关糸到词where,when,why衣关糸词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代巻先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分二、关糸代词引导的定语从句*1・who指人，在从句中做主语(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)Ye$terday1helpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意：关糸代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代棒，可省略。(2)Theman(who/whom)youmetjustnowismyfriend.*3.which指场，衣定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语肘可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys,(which在句子中做主语)⑵Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which衣句子中做宾语)*4・that指人肘，相当于who或者whom；指杨肘，相当于which,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语肘可省略。(1)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(衣句子中做主语)(2)Whereistheman(that/whom)Isawthismorning?(在句子中做宾语)*5.whose通常指人，也可指扬，衣定语从句中做定语(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指扬肘，常用以下结构来代辱(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(4)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?"具体使用肘还要注意下列问题：k只能使用that,不用which的情况：兴1丿当先行词是：all,any,anything,everything,nothing们修饰时。Isthereanythingtha11candoforyou?有什么可以为你做的吗？Allthatcanbedonemustbedone・凡是能做的都必须做。\n'、2丿当先行词彼形彖词的最富级或序数词修饰肘。例如：Thatisoneofthemostinterestingbooksthataresoldinthebookshop・那是这家书龙出參的最有趣的书之一。Thefirstthingthatweshoulddoistogetsomefood・我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。3）当先行词有:theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修饰肘。例如：Mynecklaceisnottheonlythingthat'smissing・我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西。衣4丿当主句以who或which开头时，定语从句中引导词用that,不用which或who,以避免重复。例如：Whoisthegirlthatiswearingaredcoat?正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁？伙5）当先行词既有人又有物肘，用thato例如：Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutarereallywellknown.你刚才淡起的那住作家以及他的小说确卖很著名。2、只用which不用that的傭况：*1）关糸代词前有介词时；e.g.ThisistheroominwhichLuXunlived・"2）非限定性定语从句中；作宾语用的关糸代词也不能省略。e.g.Thatnecklace,whichyougavemeasapresent,waslostyesterday.Hehasadaughter,whoworksinahospital.衣3）先行词本身是that时；e.g.Theclockisthatwhichtellsthetime非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说朗，通常是引导词和丸行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句竽掉后其他部分俗可成立。CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。（非限）Thereissomebodyherewhowantstospeaktoyou这里有人要和你说话（限制性）"4）which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代巻主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与andthis相侬，并可以指人。Hedidverywellinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.兴关糸代词whom,which在定语从句中作介词宾语肘，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之问，有肘为了关糸紧痙也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenyears.\n八像listento,lookat,takecareof等固定短语动词,疫定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.三、关糸別词引导的定语从句*1、when：当主句中的先行词(即主句中彼后面定语从句修饰的词)是表示时间意义的名词肘，它只能作定语从句的时间状语，放在定语从句句看。如果定语从句的引导词是作该定语从句的主语或宾语，则要改用关糸代词that或which来引导。例如:I'IIneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft・Thedayswhenweusedforeignoilaregone.我们用洋油的目子一去不复返了。I'llneverforgetthedaywhenIwasborn.(=1'IIneverforgetmybirthday.)我永远不会忘记我出生的目子。IthappenedinNovemberwhentheweatherwaswetandcold.这事发生在夭毛又湿又冷的十一月。Theday(that)Ialwaysrememberinallmylifeismybirthday.我一生中最难忘的q子是我的生目。(that作定语从句"thatIalwaysrememberinallmylife"的宾语，that可以不略)伙2、where：当主句中的先行词是表示地点意义的名词肘，它只能作其所在的定语从句的地点状语，放在定语从句的句首。如果定语从句的引导词作该定语从句的主语或宾语时，也要改用关糸代词that或which来引导。例如：ThefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecityThisistheroomwhere(=inwhich)Ilivedlastyear.这就是我去年住过的房间。Isthistheclassroomwhere(=inwhich)theoldworkerisgoingtomake/giveusareport?这就是那住老工人要给我们做报告的教•室吗？Let'slookforaplacewherewecanswim.咱们找一个可以游冰的地方吧。Thebuildingthatisbeingbuiltovertherewillbeanewhospital.正在那边建的搂房将是一家新医院。(引导词that作定语从句"thatisbeingbuiltoverthere1'的主语)Thatisthefactory(that)theyvisitedlastmonth.那就是他们上个月参观过的工厂o(引导词that作定语从句"(that)theyvisitedlastmonth"的宾语，that可以省略)兴注意：不要以为在肘问右词后就一定用关糸到词when,在地点名词后就一定用关糸副词where,在表示原因的thereason后就一定用关糸副词why。到底选用关糸到词还是关糸代词，关键是看它们移从句中是用作状语(用关糸副词)还是用作主语或宾语(用关糸代词)。如：Don'tforgetthetime(that)Vvetoldyou.不要忘记我告诉你的肘间。(that用作told的宾语)rIIneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedwithyou.我永远不会忘记我与你共事的可子。（when用作状语）Heworksinafactorythat/whichmakesradioparts.他在一家制童无线勒零件的工厂工作。（that/which在从句中用作主语，且不能省略）\nHeworksinthefactorywherehisfatherworked・他在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作。（where作状语）That'sthereason（that/which）heexplainedtous.那就是他向我们鮮猝的理由。（that或which在从句中用作explained的宾语）That"sthereasonwhyshelefthome.那就是她富家出走的原因。（why在从句中作状语）伙英•语中的关糸副词主要是when,where,why三个，不要想当然地将how用作关糸副词修饰theway。如不说Thisisthewayhowhespoke,可改为Thisishowhespoke（how引导的是表语从句），当然也可说成Thisistheway（that/inwhich）hespoke.（其中的that/inwhich可省略）伙另外，when和where可引导限制性和非限制性定语从句，而why则只用于引导限制性定语从句，不用于引导非限制性定语从句。Sundayisaholiday,whenpeopledonotgotowork・星期天是假目，（这天丿人们不上班。Hetookusintotheclassroom,wheretherewereonlyafewstudents.他把我们带进教•室，那儿只有少数几个学生。"在定语从句的使用中，oneof后面的右词是复数，这个复数右词制约后面的定语从句的谓语动词，用复数；而在oneof前面有the或theonly对，后面引导的定语从句中的谓语动词则用单数形式。Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoiselected?Jasperisoneofthosepeoplewhoknowabouttheaccident・定语从句练习一、用关糸代词填空：that>which.who、whom、whose1.Thisisthemanwantstoseeyou.2.ThestudentansweredthequestionisZhangHua.3.Themanyouwenttoseehascome.4.ThemanImetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.5.Thewomanyousawisourgeographyteacher.6.Therunneryouareaskingaboutisoverthere.7.ThepersonyoushouldwritetoisMr.Ball・8.Themanwaspassingbysawwhathappened.9.Hereisthepenyoulostthedaybeforeyesterday.10.Thesebooksyoulentmewereveryuseful.11.ThestorybookIhavejustreadcannotbeeasilyforgotten.12.Aclockisamachinetellspeoplethetime.13.ThisisshirtIboughtyesterday.14.Adictionaryisabookgivesthemeaningtotheword・\n16.Thefilmtheyaretalkingaboutisveryinteresting.17」willneverforgetthepeopleandtheplacesIhaveevervisited.18」sthereanyonefamilyisinBeijing?19.Showmetheboymotherisawell-knownsinger.2O.TheboyfatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish・二、单项选择()1.YourteacherofChineseisayoungladycomesfromBeijing.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose)2.Whasthenameoftheprogram•A.whicharelisteningB.youarelisteningtoC.tothatyouarelisteningD.thatyouarelistening)3.Thestudentswereallinterestedyoutoldthemyesterday.A.inwhichB.inthatthisC.allthatD.ineverything)4.Hewastheonlypersoninhisofficewasinvited.A.whomB.whoseC.thatD.which)5.Thisisthemuseumwevisaedlastyear.A.whereB.inwhichC.whichD.inthat)6.Charlietoldhismotherallhadhappened.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who)7.Doyouknowthestudent?A.whom1oftentalkB.withwhoIoftentalkC.1oftentalkwithD.that1oftentalk)8.1likethehousewindowsfacesouth.A.whoseB.who'sC.it'sD.its)9.Wouldyoutellmewheretogetthedictionary?A.whatIneedB」needC.whichIneeditD.thatIneedit)10.TheyoungwomanIspokejustnowisayoungdoctor.A.whoB.towhomC.whomD.thatf)1k1sthisthefactoryyouvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone()12,IsthisfactorysomeforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theonef)13,Isthisthefactoryheworkedtenyearsago?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theonef)14.Mr.HerpinisoneoftheforeignexpertswhoinChina.A.worksB・isworkingC.areworkingC.hasbeenworking()15、Thosenotonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed・A.learnB.whoC.thatlearnsD.wholearn()16、We"retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianistwereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.\nA.whichB.whomC.whoD.that\n()17、Hefailedintheexamination,madehisfatherveryangry.A.whichB.itC.thatD.what)18.YourteacherofChineseisayoungladycomesfromBeijing.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose)19Ilikethehousewindowsfacesouth.A.whoseB.who'sC.ifsD.its)20Hewastheonlypersoninhisofficewasinvited.A.whomB.whoseC.thatD.which)21.Thisisthemuseumwevisitedlastyear.D.inthatD.whoA.whereB.inwhichC.which)22.Charlietoldhismotherallhadhappened.A.thatB.whatC.which)23.—WhereistheSchoolEnglishSpeechContestgoingtobeheldtonight?—Vmnotsure.Isitinthehallcanhold300people?A.whereB.whatC.thatD.whenf)24.—Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?一1likemoviesscarymonsters.A.,whichhasB.thathaveC.whathasD・whyhavef)25.DoyouknowthemanistalkingtoMissWu?A.heB.whomC.whoD.which丿26.—Whichisyournewneighbor,LiuHua?一ThemanT-shirtisred.A.thatB.whoC.whichD.whose