初中宾语从句讲解与练习_免费下载 5页

注意！宾语从句小口诀： 宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制； 主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时； 陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether, 特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。宾语从句一、基本讲解 1 概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。eg,      He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语) He asks him how long Mike has been down . (动词宾语)              Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语) 二、引导词引导词引导词的作用例句that本身无意义，只起连接作用，口语中可省略。Hesaid(that)Katewasgoodatswimming.what，which，who，whose，whom等连接代词在从句中作一定的成分，如主语、宾语、定语等。Idon’tknowwhattheyaregoingtodo.Heaskedmewhosethebookis.when，where，why，how等连接副词在从句中作状语Couldyoutellmewhereyouarefrom?Doyouknowhowtheyfoundtheplace?if/whether意为“是否”，不作句子成分，但不能省略。HeaskedmeifMissGaoisateacher.★注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用， 但有些情况例外。      a. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用if \n        eg, We are talking about whether we'll go on the pinic.       b. 引导词与动词不定式或 not 连用时， 只用whether.       eg, Please let me know what to do next.           Could you tell me whether u go or not?  c. if当如果讲时， 引导的是条件状语从句， 这时不能用whether.1.Ican’tremember____Iputthebook,andIneeditformyhomeworknow.AwhereBhowCwhatDwhy2.Istillrememberthepark______wefirstvisit.AthatBwhichCwhereDwhen3.Idon’tknowifhe______tomorrow.Ifhe_____,I’llmeethim.Acomes;comesBwillcome;comesCwillcome;willcomeDcomes;willcome4.---I’mwaitingforthemail.Doyouknow________itwillarrive?---Usuallyitcomesby4:00.A.howB.whereC.whenD.what5.Doyouknow________Icouldpasstheexam?A.thatB.whetherC.whatD.which6.---Couldyoutellme______sheislookingfor?A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.which7.Iwanttoknow________youwillcomebackat8:00tomorrow.A.thatB.whenC.whereD.whether8.It’suptoyoutodecide_______you’llgothere,byairorbyroad.A.howB.whyC.thatD.when一、主句与从句时态一致的问题（1）如果主句时现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：}Irememberhegavemeabookyesterday.}Hehastoldmethathe’llleaveforNewYorktomorrow.（2）如果主句时过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。如：}Hetoldmethathewouldtakepartinthehighjump.}HeaskedmeifIhadtakenhissoap.（3）如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。如：}Hetoldmethattheearthisround.}HesaidthatYaoMingismuchtallerthanhim.过手训练1.---Couldyoutellme_________lastnight?---Er,IwaswatchingEuro2004athome.\nA.whatyouweredoingB.whatwereyoudoingC.whatyouaredoingD.whatareyoudoing2.Theteachertoldusthemoon_______roundtheearth.A.movedB.movesC.ismovingD.wasmoving3.Mymothertoldme_______anymorewhenitwaslate.A.don’twriteB.notwriteC.nottowriteD.didn’twrite二、宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序要用陈述句的语序。在把两个独立的句子连成一个含有宾语从句的复合句时，要特别注意从句的语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。如：}What’sKate’se-mailaddress?Doyouknow?=DoyouknowwhatKate’se-mailaddressis?过手训练1.Wewanttoknow_____tohelpthem.AwhatcanwedoBwhatwecandoChowcanwedoDhowwecando2.---Excuseme.Couldyoupleasetellme_____?----Sure.There’sabookstoreonRiverRoad.AwherecanIgetadictionaryBwherecouldIgetadictionaryCwhereIcouldgetadictionaryDwhereIcangetadictionary3.---Idon’tknow______.----YoucangoandaskJack.AwhendoesthetrainleaveBthatwewillplanttreesornotCifshehadcomeyesterdayDwhatIshouldbuyforhim4.Theteacheraskedus_____.AwhendidIfinishmyworkBwhydidn’twetellhimaboutitearlierCwhatwewereinterestedinDwherewearegoingtohaveourlunch5.Thepolicemanaskedtheboy______.AwhereishismotherBwherehismotherisCwherewashismotherDwherehismotherwas6.Lily’smotherlookedforherforhalfanhour,butcouldnotfind_____.AwhatLilywasBwhatwasLilyCwhereLilywasDwherewasLily7.----Couldyoutellme_____?----Yes,itwillstartatten.AwhenwillthemeetingbeginBwhenthemeetingwillbeginCwherethemeetingbeginsDwheredoesthemeetingbegin8.----Ihearwe’llhaveanewforeignteachersoon.Doyouknowwhen_____?----Sorry,Ihavenoidea.AhewillcomeBwillhecomeCishecomingDhewascoming9.Couldyoupleasetellme______?Iwanttobuysomebooks.AwhereisthebookshopBwherethebookshopisChowcanIgettothecinemaDhowIcangettothecinema\n1.Doyouknow______?AwhenthetrainleavesthestationBwhendoesthetrainleavethestationCwhenwillthetrainleavethestation自我总结：____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________三、宾语从句的连接词（1）当宾语从句是陈述句时，用that引导。如：}“Shewasagoodgirl,”theteachertoldus.=Theteachertoldus(that”)shewasagoodgirl.注意：引导词that用于下列情况时不可省略：1）当宾语从句的主语是that时。如：}Hesaysthatthatisausefulbook.2)当从句前有插入语时。如：}Itsays,onthecard,thatitismadeinChina.}3）当宾语从句中含有主从复合句时。如：}I’mafraidthatifyou’velostit,youmustparforit.4）当两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时，除第一个从句中的that可以省略外，其余从句中的that都不可以省略。如：}Hesaid(that)thefilmwasveryinterestingandthatheenjoyedseeingitverymuch.四、否定转移}在主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think，believe，suppose等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如：}Idon’tthinkhewillcomewithyou.五、宾语从句的简化（1）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，agree，choose等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：}IhopethatIcanreceiveyoure-mail.=Ihopetoreceiveyoure-mail.（2）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know，remember，forget，learn等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如：}Shedoesn’tknowwhatsheshoulddonext.=Shedoesn’tknowwhattodonext.（3）当主句的谓语动词是ask，tell，show，teach等，且宾语从句的主语和句子的间接宾语一致时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如：}WillyoupleaseshowmehowIcanworkitout?=Willyoupleaseshowmehowtoworkitout?（4）动词seem\n后的宾语从句可用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型要有适当的变化。一般地，通常将宾语从句的主语作为简化的句子的主语，seem（适当时态形式）作谓语。如：}Itseemsthatfootballisveryinteresting.=Footballseems(tobe)veryinteresting.（5）宾语从句可以简化为名词或名词短语。如：}Idon’tbelievewhatTomsaid.=Idon’tbelieveTom’swords.中考提升1. Some of my friends are interesting in science, but none of them can tell  _______.          .   A. when UFOs will appear next time      B. why do horses know the way   C. where was this kind of plant found     D. how do elephants communicate 2. ---What time will Mr. Brown be back to China?   ----Sorry. I don‟t know  _______.       .   A. when did he go abroad       B. why he is going abroad     C. how soon will he be back      D. how long he will stay abroad 3. ---May I come in ? I‟m sorry I am late.   ----Come in, please. But could you please tell me  _______.  ?    A. why you are late again    B. what were you doing then        C. who you talked with      D. how do you come to school 4. ---Could you please tell me _______. ?    ----Bus No.32 will take you right there.   A. where is Henan Museum          B. what Henan Museum is like      C. how can I get to Henan Museum    D. which bus I shall take to Henan Museum 5. Peter says that the Whites are on holiday, but no one knows _______.  .    A. where they have been     B. where are they    C. where are they from      D. where they have gone 6. ---Do you know  _______. the Capital Museum?   ---Next Friday.   A. when will they visit      B. when they will visit    C. when did they visit      D. when they visited 7. He wanted to know _______.the English party.   A. when will we have  B. when we will have    C. when would we have D. when we would have