初中形容词详解及相关练习 8页

【知识详解】一、形容词的定义结构特点以-able,-al,-ful,-ic,-ish,-less,-ous,-y等后缀结尾，如:changeable,medical,careful,magic,foolish,careless,delicious,healthy,rainy等.二、形容词的用法1.用作定语LiMeiisabeautifulcitygiii.2.用作表语TheEnglishstoryisveryinteresting・常见的后跟形容词作表语的动词：©become,come,fall,get,go,grow,make,tum（表示"变成某种状态"）②continue,hold,keep,lie,remain,stay（表示"保持某种状态"）③appear,feel,look,smell,sound,taste,know（表示”感觉”）例如：Heturnedredwhenheheardthenews.It'sgoingtostaycoldforsometime.Thebeertastesverydelicious・3.用作宾语补足语Don'tkeepthedooropen・Hissuccessmadehimhappy・4.”the+形容词“，表示一类人或事物Theoldoftenthinkofoldthings.Thenewalwaystaketheplaceoftheold.5.少数形容词只能作表语,不能作定语.这些形容词包括ilhasleep,awake,alone,alive,well5worth,glad,unable,afraid等.（正）Don'tbeafraid.（误）MrLiisanafraidman.（正）Theoldmanwasillyesterday・（误）Thisisanillperson・6.少数形容词只能作定语,不能作表语.这些形容词包括little,live（活着的）,elder,eldest等.例如:（正）Myelderbrotherisadoctor.（误）MybrotheriselderthanI.（IE）Doyouwantlivefishordeadone（误）Theoldmonkeyisstilllive・三、形容词的位置1.形容词一般放在名词前作定语2.特殊记忆（1）形容词修饰不定代词时须后置.Shehassomethingnewtotellme.Ihavenothingimportanttodotoday.（2）形容词后面有介词短语或不定式短语时,形容词须后置.例如：Itisaproblemdifficulttoworkout.Edisonisastudentdifficulttoteach.Thisisakindofflowerseasytogrow.（3）在以下特殊用法中，形容词置于所修饰的名词之后.例如：Allpeople,youngorold,shouldbestrictwiththemselves・Wearebuildinganewschool,modernandsuper.\nAllcountries,richandpoor,shouldhelponeanothe匚\n（4）enough和possibleDoyouhaveenoughtime（timeenough）toprepareMaybeitwillbeapossiblechance（chancepossible）foryou.或许它将成为你的一次可能的机遇.（5）有些形容词，置于名词之前与之后,含义不尽相同.例如：thewriterpresent出席的作家thepresentwriter当代的作家1.两个以上的形容词修饰同一个名词时的排列顺序限定词一表示观点的描绘性形容词一表示大小，长短，高低的形容词一表示形状的形容词一表示年龄,新旧的形容词一表示色彩的形容词〜表示国籍，地区，出处的形容词一表示物质，材料的形容词一表示用途，类别的形容词f名词中心词.例如：anexcitinginternationalfootballmatch一场令人激动的国际足球赛anewredsportsshirt一件新的红色运动衫alightblackplasticumbrella一把轻的黑塑料伞asmalloldbrownwoodenhouse一座小的I口的棕色的木头房子afineoldstonebridge一座古老漂亮的石桥twobigroundnewChinesewoodentables两张新的中国式的木制大圆桌hislargenewblackforeigncar他那辆新的大世黑色外国轿车四.形容词（副词）比较级和最高级的概念大多数形容词（副词）都有等级的变化，表示A与B—样…，A比B更…或表示A在一定范围内最…，以此为依据我们可以将英语形容词（副词）的比较分为三类：同级比较，用于表示A与B—样…；形容词（副词）的比较级，用于表示二者之间一方比另一方更…；形容词（副词）的最高级，用于表示三者及其以上的某一方或一类最…形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成方法（1）规则变化规律原级比较级最高级一般在原级后面加-er,-estoquick/slow/cleverhighquicker/slowercleverer/higherquickest/slowestcleverest/highest原级以字母e结尾，那么直接在后面加-r,-stonice/largenicer/largernicest/largest以辅咅字母+y结尾的，变y为iill-er,-estheavy/easy/earlyhappyheavier/easierearlier/happierheaviest/easiestearliest/happiest重读闭音节（辅元辅结尾）双写辅音字母再加-er,-estfat/thin/wet/bigfatter/thinnerwetter/biggerfattest/thinnestwettest/biggesl部分双音节及多音节词前面要力Hmore,mostcareful/deliciousmorecarefulmoredeliciousmostcarefulmostdelicious（2）不规则变化（巧记：两好两坏两多，一远一老一少）原形比较级最高级goodbelterbestwellbadworseworstillmanymoremost\nmuchfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthestoldolderoldesteldereldestlittlelessleast(3)形容词原级的用法一一说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态，有表示绝对概念的副词very,so、too.enough,quite等来修饰形容词的原级e.g.:Theboyistooshy・Thestoryisquiteinteresting.同级比较(1)表示A与B—样…A+be动词+as+形容词(副词)原级+as+B(2)表示A不如B...A+be动词+not+as/so+形容词(副词)原级+as+Be.g.:EnglishisasinterestingasChinese.Thisbookisn'tas\sonewasthatone.(3)表示A是B的儿倍时用“A+be动词+倍数+as+形容词+as+B”e.g.:Ourschoolistwiceasbigasthiers.(4)half+as+形容词原级+as表示"...是…的一半”e.g.:Myroomishalfasbigasyours.形容词(副词)的比较级形容词和副词的比较级用于表示二者之间一方比另一方更…形容词比较级的结构：(1)A+be动词+形容词的比较级+than+Be.g.:Myroomisbiggerthanyours.TheweatherinTianjiniscolderthanthatofGuangzhouinwinter.(2)Which/Whois+比较级，AorB?e.g.:Whoistaller,LiMingorWangTao?(3)表示“儿倍于......”时，用“倍数+比较级+than"表示e.g.:Myroomisthreetimesbiggerthanyours.⑷表示“两者之间比较……的一个”(oflhetwo)是，常用“lhe+比较级”结构e.g.:Maryisthetallerofthetwins.⑸表示“越來越……''用“比较级+and+比较级”，当形容词为多音节或部分双音节词时，用“moreandmore+形容词原级e.g.:It'sgettingwarmerandwarme匚⑹表示"越就越”，用lhc+比较级，lhc+比较级e.g.:Themore,thebetter.⑺有表示稈•度的副词alittle>abit^afew、alotsmuch、even>still、far>ratherxany等，可以修饰形容词的比较级e.g.:Itismuchcoldertodaythanyesterday.\n形容词(副词)的最高级(1)表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较吋，用最高级形式，形容词最高级前面必须加定冠词the,句末常跟一个in\of短语来表示范围e.g.:ShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina.(2)表示在三者或三者以上的人或事物屮进行选择时，用Which\Whoisthe+最高级，A,BorC?e.g.:Whichcityisthemostbeautiful,Beijing,ShanghaiorFuzhou?(3)表示“最……的……之一”，用oneofthe+形容词最高级结构，该形容词的后面要用最高级形式e.g•:ZhouJielunisoneofthemostpopularsingers.(4)形容词最高级前面前面可以加序数词，表示“第几最......”e.g.:TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.(5)形容词最高级前面前面可以有物主代词，指示代词，名词所有格等修饰，此时不能再用定冠词(hee.g.:Thisisourbestlessontoday.五、常见名词变形容词的方法名词构成法意义举例表天气的名词-y充满…的多……的windcloudwindycloudy表方位的名词-ern…方位的；朝…方的westeastwesterneastern表示称谓的名词-iy…般的friendmotherfriendlymotherly表示吋间的名词-iy每…的weekdayweeklydaily表示物质的名词-en…制成的woodgoldwoodengolden表示抽象意义的名词-ful-y-less…的…的无…的careluckusecarefulluckyuseless表示大洲与国家的名词-n……的……人的AsiaAsianAmerica/American六.-ing形容词和・ed形容词-ing形容词表示主动意义，多指事物对人的影响，一般修饰事物。-ed形容词表示被动意义，多指人对事物的感受，主语一般是人，常用于“sb.+be+・ed形容词+介词”结构e.g.:Thisisasurprisingstory.Iamsurprisedatthenews.【课后作业】1)Tonyisgoingcampingwithboys.A.littletwootherB・twolittleotherC.twootherlittleD.littleothertwo2)Onedaytheycrossedthebridgebehindthepalace・A.oldChinesestoneB.ChineseoldstoneC.oldstoneChineseD.Chinesestoneold3)——HowwasyourrecentvisittoQingdao?——Itwasgreat.Wevisitedsomefriends,andspentthedaysattheseaside.A.fewlastsunnyB.lastfewsunnyC・lastsunnyfewD・fewsunnylast\n2)—Areyoufeeling?—Yes,I'mfinenow・A.anywellB.anybetterC.quitegoodD.quitebetter3)Theexperimentwaseasierthanwehadexpected.A・moreB.muchmoreC・muchD.moremuch4)Iftherewerenoexaminations,weshouldhaveatschool.A.thehappiesttimeB・amorehappiertimeC.muchhappiesttimeD・amuchhappiertime5)TheweatherinChinaisdifferentfrom.A.inAmericaB.oneinAmericaC・AmericaD.thatinAmerica6)Afterthenewtechniquewasintroduced,thefactoryproducedtractorsin1988astheyearbefore.A.astwicemanyB.asmanytwiceC・twiceasmanyD・twicemanyas7)Johnhasthreesisters,Maryistheofthethree・A.mostcleverestB.morecleverC・cleverestD.cleverer8).Shetoldusstorythatweallforgetaboutthetime.A・suchaninterestingB・suchinterestingaC・soaninterestingD・asointeresting9)Thestorysounds・A.tobetrueB.astrueC・beingtrueD.true10)Thepianosintheothershopwillbe,but.A.cheaper,notasbetterB.morecheap,notasbetterC.cheapennotasgoodD・morecheap,notasgood11).——Howdidyoufindyourvisittothemuseum?■■一1thoroughlyenjoyedit.ItwasthanIexpected・A.farmoreinterestingB・evenmuchinterestingC.somoreinterestingD・alotmuchinteresting12)foodyou'vecooked!A.HowaniceB.WhataniceC.HowniceD.Whatnice15)Theseorangestaste■A.goodB.wellC・tobegoodD.tobewell16)Theexperimentwaseasierthanweexpected.A.moreB.muchmoreC.muchD.moremuch17)CanadaislargerthancountryinAsia.A.anyB.anyotherC.otherD.another18)Whichiscountry,CanadaorAustralia?A.alargeB.largerC.alargerD.lhelarger19)——Areyoufeeling9■-■一Yes,Iamfinenow・A.anywellB・anybetterC.quitegoodD・quitebetter20)JohnwassosleepythathecouldhardlykeephiseyesA.openB.tobeopenedC.toopenD.opening21)——Mum,IthinkVmtogetbacktoschool.-■一Notreally,mydear.You'dbettertostayathomeforanotherdayortwo.A.sowellB・sogoodC・WellenoughD.goodenough\n22)——Ifyoudon^tliketheredcoat,taketheblueone.——Ok,butdoyouhavesizeinblue?Thisone'sabittightforme.A.abigB.abiggerC.thebigD.thebigger23)11takesalongtimetogotherebytrain;it，sbyboat.\nA・quickB.thequickestC.muchquickD.quicker22)Iftherewerenoexaminations,weshouldhaveatschool-A.thehappiesttimeC.muchhappiesttime25)-■一Haveyoufinishedyourreportyet?——No,Fllfinishintenminutes.A.anotherB・olherB>amorehappiertimeD.amuchhappiertimeC.moreD.less26)——HowwasyourrecentvisittoQingdao?——Itwasgreat.Wevisitedsomefriends,andspentthedaysattheseaside.A.fewlastsunnyB.1astfewsunnyC.lastsunnyfewD.fewsunnylast30),Motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogethe匚A.HoweverlateisheB.HoweverheislateC.HoweverishelateD.Howeverlateheis31)—Whichprovinceistheoneinwinter?—ItshouldbeHainanProvince,Ithink.A.coldestB.hotterC・wannestD.cooler32)一Whatisyourfavouritesport?—Swimming,Ithink.It^sofall.A.easierB.moredifficultC.theeasiestD.themostdifficult33)一Howmuchmoneydidyoupayforthedrink?一None.Itwas.A.easyB.freeC・cheapD.expensive34)一DidHanMeimeipickalotofapples?—Yes.Shepickedthananyofus.A.somanyB.manymoreC・muchmoreD・themost35)一YouhavegotthesameshirtasI.一Yes.Mineis,butnotsoasyours.A・better;expensiveB.better;moreexpensiveC.morebetter;expensiveD.good;moreexpensive36)—Whatisthemaincauseoftheaccident?一Driving•A.carefullyB.carefulC.carelessD.carelessly37)Thismathproblemisthatone.Ican'tworkitout.A・notsoeasyasB・easierthanC・1essdifficultthanD.aseasyas38)Thepopulationoftheworldin20thcenturybecameverymuchthanthatin19th.A.biggerB.largerC・greaterD.more39)PeterdrivesAmy,soitwilltakePetertimetogettothehotel.A.muchfasterthan;lessB.moreslowlythan;lessC.asfastas;moreD.asslowlyas;more40)Helenlearnstodancethreetimesaweek・NowshedancesAnitadoes・A.sogoodasB.aswellasC.asgoodasD.sowellas