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  • 2022-08-31 发布

初中英语动词讲解与练习

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动词讲解与练习一、动词分类1.行为动词(实义动词)。实义动词可分为及物动词(一般情况下,其后要跟宾语,意义才完整)和不及物动词(之后不能也不需要跟宾语),许多动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词。如:WestudyEnglish.(及物)Westudyhard.(不及物)2.连系动词。连系动词和表语一起连用,充当谓语。常用的连系动词是be(是),look(显得),feel(感到),turn(变成),get(变得),become(成为)。3.助动词。助动词本身没有词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语,表示否定,疑问,简略答语等。如:Doyoulikeoranges?Yes,Ido.Idon’tknowhim.Willyougotothezoo?4.情态动词。本身有意义,但不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语,表示说话人的语气和情态,情态动词没有人称和数的变化,常见的情态动词有:can(could),may(might),must,need等。二、动词时态在英语中,同样一个动作,由于发生的时间不一样,所表示的形式就不一样,这就叫时态。1、一般现在时用法:(1)表示经常发生,反复进行的动作,常用的时间状语有:often,usually,always,everyday,sometimes等。Wehavebreakfasteveryday.(2)表示客观真理。如:Theearthturnsaroundthesun.(3)表示特征,状态和能力。如:It’sbig.(4)在时间状语和条件状语从句中,主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时。如:IwillbeateacherwhenIgrowup.Theywillstayathomeifitrains.构成:(1).主语不是第三人称单数时,动词用原型。如:Theyoftenplayfootball.(2).主语是第三人称单数时,动词必须用第三人称单数形式,即在动词原型后面加s。ShelikesEnglish.第三人称单数一般现在式的构成,规则如下(与名词变复数同):(1)以元音字母结尾的一般在动词后加S:sees,comes(2)以o,sh,ch,x字母结尾的一般在其后加es:does,catches(3)元音字母加y结尾的,直接加s:plays,pays(4)辅音字母加y结尾的,把y改成i再加es:fly—flies,study—studies3.助动词do(第三人称单三用does)构成否定,疑问及答语,要注意助动词后原来的谓语动词一律恢复原型。如:Hedoesn’tspeakEnglish.2.一般过去时(动词加ed)(1)表示过去的某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态Thetrainarrived10minutesago.Hewasillyesterday.(2)表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作WhenIwasastudent,Ioftenplayedfootball.Heoftencametoseelastyear.(3)表示过去发生的一连串动作Hecameintotheroom,putdownhisschoolbagandbegantodohishomework.\n(4)在含有状语从句的复合句中表示两个过去的动作的关系Hewalkedashesangasong.规则动词过去式与过去分词的构成:(1)一般情况在动词后加ed:worked,helped,called,wanted,needed(2)以e结尾的动词加d:hoped,liked,agreed,changed(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词先将y变为i,再加ed:carried,studied(4)以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音的动词,双写该辅音字母后再加ed:stopped,preferred(5)还有不规则动词,要记熟(一般附在教科书后面)3.现在进行时(be(is/am/are)+现在分词构成)(1)表示在说话的时刻或现阶段正在进行或正在发生的动作HeiswatchingTVnow.(2)表示现在时间内动作有间断的延续活动Sheistranslatinganovelnow.表示按计划或安排将要进行或发生的动作(限于go,come,stay,leave,start)HeisgoingtoShanghaitomorrowafternoon.Theyarecomingtoseeyoutomorrow.(4)表示一种尚未完结的渐变过程Theboyisdyingfast.这个男孩快要死了。动词的现在分词构成:(1)一般情况,加ing:going,asking(2)以不发音的e结尾的动词,去掉e再加ing:come—coming,write-writing(3)以y结尾的动词都直接加ing:studying,carrying,playing(4)以辅音字母结尾的闭音节动词,双写其辅音字母后,再加ing:put—putting,cut—cutting,spit—spitting(5)特例:die—dying,tie—tying,lie—lying4.一般将来时(will+动词原形,(begoingto)+动词原形)(1)表示将来经常发生的动作Theywillcometoworkinthisfactoryeveryyear.Fromtomorrowon,hewillcometoteachusEnglishonceaweek.(2)表示预见Hewillcomebacksoon.Itisgoingtorainsoon.(3)表示意图Iwillwritetohimtomorrow.Iwilldoitrightnow.(4)在疑问句中表示征询对方意见Willyoucomewithme?(5)表示按计划安排即将发生的动作HeisgoingtoNanjingtomorrow.(6)表示根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作或事态,用于条件状语从句中.Ifhecomestomorrow,Iwilltellhimaboutit.三、练习题A.用所给词的适当形式填空1They________(visit)themuseumlastweek.2.She________(go)tothecinemawithherclassmatestomorrowevening.\n3.Johnisalwaysbusy.He________(sleep)onlysixhoursverynight.4.Stayhere;boy;don'tgoout.It________(rain)now.5.Sheoften________(do)herlessonsaftersupper.6.Hurryup!Thetrain________(leave)infiveminutes.7.They________(arrive)inLondononthenightofApril30,1989.8.Allthestudents________(plant)treestomorrow.9.Theearth________(move)aroundthesun.10.MybrotherlikesEnglishverymuch,andhe________(practice)readingeverymorning.11.Iusually________(do)myhomeworkintheevening.12.Ifit_____(notrain)tomorrow,theLeaguemembersofclass______(plant)treesaroundthelake?13.I________(finish)myhomeworkbyhalfpasteightlastnight.14.Idon'tknowifhe________(come).Ifhe________(come),pleaseletmeknow.15.He________(join)thearmyafewyearsago.16.I'lltellhimthenewsassoonashe________(come)back.17.Hesaidthatthey________(clean)theclassroomthenextday.18.Weoften________(have)anEnglishpartyonSaturdayevenings.19.Look!TheYongPioneers________(pant)treesonthehill.20.Hesaidthatlight________(ravel)muchfasterthansound.B.单项选择()21.I’llgowithyouassoonasImyhomework.A.willfinishB.finishC.amfinishingD.finishes()22.Ifittomorrow,Iwon’tgotothecinema.A.willrainB.rainsC.israiningD.rain()23.Sheisgoingtobeanursewhensheup.A.isgoingtogrowB.growsC.growingD.grow()24.Myfatherusuallybreakfast.A.cookB.cooksC.iscookingD.iscooked()25.ThetwinsChineseinaneveningschoolnow.A.isstudyingB.arestudyingC.studiesD.havestudied()26.WetolearnEnglishthreeyearsago.A.beginB.beganC.begunD.havebegun()27.Look!There_________someapplesinthattree.A.is       B.was      C.are       D.were()28.We'llhavetocleantheplatesbeforeMother_________home.A.willcome    B.iscoming     C.come   D.comes()29.Therewillnotbeanypapermoney________100years.A.forB.inC.agoD.at()30.There________aballgamenextSunday.A.haveB.isgoingtobeC.hasD.isgoingtohaveC.句型转换31.LiLeireadsEnglisheveryday.(改为否定句)32.Heisafarmer.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)\n33.Wecleanourclassroomeverymorning.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)34.Theyoftenplaysoccer.(对划线部分提问)35.l’mlivinginGuangzhounow.(用inthreeyears改写句子)I_______________________inGuangzhou__________threeyears.36.Ithinkyoushouldcleanyourbedroomfirst.(改为否定句)I__________thinkyou__________cleanyourbedroomfirst.37.Hehassomemoney,too.(改为否定句)He____________________________money,.38.Hedidn’tfinishhiswork.(改为肯定句)39.Theboyisreading.(改为否定句)40.Hewillbebackinamonth.(改为否定句)

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