初中定语从句讲解练习及答案2 15页

一、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语）或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。主要由形容词担任，此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。如：1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格who,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when、why关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.15\n注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(5)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做宾语)5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?注：that用法(1)不用that的情况(a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。(错)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,Isveryfamoushere.(b)介词后不能用。Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.15\nWedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.(2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况(a)在therebe句型中，只用that，不用which。(b)在不定代词，如：anything,nothing,theone,all等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。(c)先行词有theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,just修饰时，只用that。(d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that,不能用which。.(e)先行词既有人，又有物时。(f)先行词指物，在主句中作表语时．(g)为了避免重复．(h)先行词是theway或thereason时，that可作关系副词，也可省略(i)主句的主语是疑问词who/which时举例：Isthisthebookthatyouborrowedinthelibrary?这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗？Whothatbreakthewindowshouldbepunished．谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚．Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.所需的只是供油问题。Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。三、关系副词引导定语从句15\n关系副词关系副词：在句中作状语关系副词=介词+关系代词why=forwhichwhere=in/at/on/...which(介词同先行词搭配)when=during/on/in/...which(介词同先行词搭配)1.where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.2.when引导定语从句表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.[注]表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。3.why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.(2)Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.注：1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。2）that前不能有介词。15\n3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when,where和why互换。ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.Thisisthereasonforwhichhecamelate.练习(一)请分析一下定语从句：(请划出定语从句，并标出先行词)1.     CheckthewaysyoustudyforanEnglishtest.2.     AnotherthingthatIfoundverydifficultwasEnglishgrammar.3.     Youcouldn’tunderstandpeoplewhotalkedfast.4.     Ihavesomeideasthatmayhelp.5.     Theysaidsomethingyoudidn’tlike.6.     Canyouthinkofanyproblemsyouhavehadrecently?8.     HewouldalwaystakeprideineverythinggoodIdo.9.     MyfriendsandItalkedabouttherulesthatwehaveinschool.10. Whataresomeoftherulesthatateenagershouldobey?12. Ifyouknowanyoneelsewhocollectsthem,pleasetellme.13. Standingveryclosetothepersonyouaretalkingwithisquitecommoninsomecountries.15\n14. Ifyouknowsomeoneyouknowdoingthis,youcanaskthem.15. AllIeverwantedtodowastraveling.二、用关系代词填空：that、which、who、whom、whose1.       Thisistheman________wantstoseeyou.2.       Thestudent___________answeredthequestionisZhangHua.3.       Theman__________youwenttoseehascome.4.       Theman___________Imetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.5.       Thewoman_______________yousawisourgeographyteacher.6.       Therunner________________youareaskingaboutisoverthere.7.       Theperson______________youshouldwritetoisMr.Ball.8.       Theman___________waspassingbysawwhathappened.9.       Hereisthepen_________youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.10.   Thesebooks_____________youlentmewereveryuseful.11.   Thestorybook____________Ihavejustreadcannotbeeasilyforgotten.12.   Aclockisamachine______tellspeoplethetime.13.   Thisisshirt_______________Iboughtyesterday.14.   Adictionaryisabook_____________givesthemeaningtotheword.15.   Thebook____________isonthetableismine.16.   Thefilm____________theyaretalkingaboutisveryinteresting.17.   Iwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplaces_____Ihaveevervisited.18.   Isthereanyone____________familyisinBeijing?19.   Showmetheboy______________motherisawell-knownsinger.20.   Theboy______fatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish.15\n三、单项选择()1.YourteacherofChineseisayounglady____comesfromBeijing.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose()2.What’sthenameoftheprogram________.A.whicharelisteningB.youarelisteningtoC.tothatyouarelisteningD.thatyouarelistening()3.Thestudentswereallinterested____youtoldthemyesterday.A.inwhichB.inthatthisC.allthatD.ineverything()4.Hewastheonlypersoninhisoffice______wasinvited.A.whomB.whoseC.thatD.which()5.Thisisthemuseum______wevisitedlastyear.A.whereB.inwhichC.whichD.inthat()6.Charlietoldhismotherall____hadhappened.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who()7.Doyouknowthestudent_____?A.whomIoftentalkB.withwhoIoftentalkC.IoftentalkwithD.thatIoftentalk()8.Ilikethehouse_____windowsfacesouth.A.whoseB.who’sC.it'sD.its()9.Wouldyoutellmewheretogetthedictionary_____?A.whatIneedB.IneedC.whichIneeditD.thatIneedit()10.Theyoungwoman_____Ispokejustnowisayoungdoctor.A.whoB.towhomC.whomD.that15\n练习(二)1.Don’ttalkaboutsuchthingsof_______youarenotsure.   A.which   B.what  C.as     D.those5.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces__________couldn’tbefound.    A.that      B.where       C.inwhich     D.inthat  6.Thefreezingpointisthetemperature__________waterchangesintoice.    A.atwhich   B.onthat      C.inwhich     D.ofwhat  7.Thisbookwillshowyou__________canbeusedinothercontexts..    A.howyouhaveobserved       B.whatyouhaveobserved    C.thatyouhaveobserved       D.howthatyouhaveobserved8.Thereasonis__________heisunabletooperatethemachine.    A.because   B.why       C.that     D.whether9.I’lltellyou__________hetoldmelastweek.    A.allwhich   B.that  C.allthat      D.which10.Thattree,__________branchesarealmostbare,isveryold.    A.whose    B.ofwhich      C.inwhich     D.onwhich11.Ihaveboughtthesamedress__________sheiswearing.     A.as       B.that     C.which       D.what12.Hefailedintheexamination,__________madehisfatherveryangry.    A.which    B.it       C.that   D.what13.We’retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist_______wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight. A.which     B.whom  C.who   D.that15\n14.Thegirl________anEnglishsonginthenextroomisTom’ssister. A.whoissinging    B.issinging     C.sang  D.wassinging15.Those_______notonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed. A.learn      B.who    C.thatlearns   D.wholearn16.Anyone________thisopinionmayspeakout. A.that against      B.that against   C.whoisagainst   D.whoareagainst17.Didn’tyouseetheman________?     A.Inoddedjustnow      B.whomInoddedjustnow     C.Inoddedtohimjustnow     D.Inoddedtojustnow18.Canyoulendmethenovel______theotherday?     A.thatyoutalked        B.youtalkedaboutit     C.whichyoutalkedwith       D.youtalkedabout19.Isthereanything_______toyou? A.thatisbelonged       B.thatbelongs    C.thatbelong    D.whichbelongs20.----“Howdoyoulikethebook?”    ----“It’squitedifferentfrom_______Ireadlastmonth.”    A.that        B.which      C.theone    D.theonewhat21.Mr.Zhanggavethetextbooktoallthepupilsexcept_______whohadalreadytakenthem.    A.theones    B.ones  C.some     D.theothers22.Thetrain_______shewastravellingwaslate.    A.which    B.where  C.onwhich       D.inthat23.Hehaslostthekeytothedrawer_______thepapersarekept.15\n    A.where       B.inwhich      C.underwhich   D.which24.Antarctic_______weknowverylittleiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround.    A.which        B.where  C.that   D.aboutwhich25.It’sthethirdtime_______latethismonth.    A.thatyouarrived      B.whenyouarrived    C.thatyou’vearrived   D.whenyou’vearrived26.Itwasin1969_______theAmericanastronautsucceededinlandingonthemoon. A.that    B.which   C.when       D.inwhich 27.Maythefourthistheday______weChinesepeoplewillneverforget. A.which        B.when   C.onwhich   D.aboutwhich28.WearegoingtospendtheSpringFestivalinGuangzhou,_______livemygrandparentsandsomerelatives. A.which   B.that    C.who  D.where29.Thehotel_______duringourholidaysstandsbytheseaside.    A.westayedat     B.wherewestayedat    C.westayed      D.inthatwestayed30.Isitinthatfactory_______“RedFlag”carsareproduced?A.inwhich      B.where      C.which      D.that三选择1-5ADACC6-10ACABB[参考答案]1—5AADBA6—10ABCCA11—15AADAD16—20CDDBC21—25ACBDC15\n26—30AADAD初中英语定语从句讲解及练习初中英语定语从句讲解及练习一.定语从句及相关术语1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；关系副词有where,when,why等。关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。二.关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.(2)Mr.LingisjusttheboywhomIwanttosee.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(5)Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion.(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(4)Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?(6)Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导(1)Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.(2)Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.15\n(3)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.(4)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.(5)We'llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/who)wehaveoftentalkedabout.(6)We'llgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.注意：1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等(1)Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.(T)(2)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(F)2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose(1)Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(T)(2)Themanwho/thatyoutalkedwithismyfriend.(F)(3)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(T)(4)TheplaneinthatweflewintoCanadaisverycomfortable.(F)3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词(1)Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.(2)Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.(3)Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.解答"介词+关系代词"类型的定语从句题时，关键在于分析定语从句中的谓语动词（该动词是不及物动词）习惯上常与什么介词搭配使用。这就需要同学们在平时学习时要注重某些不及物动词和介词惯用的情形，并要灵活运用。例如：Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasingleperson________shecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom简析:本题定语从句中的turn与介词to构成固定短语"turntosb.forhelp(向某人求助）"。所以，D是正确选项。四．关系副词引导的定语从句1.when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.2.where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.3.why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.(2)Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,15\n(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.(3)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinwhich/whereIwasborn.关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于"介词+which"结构，因此常常和"介词+which"结构交替使用，例如：Thereareoccasionswhen(onwhich)onemustyield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.北京是我的出生地。Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？五．限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句举例：(1)TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.(2)Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.非限制性定语从句举例：(1)Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.(2)China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.要注意区分以下几个句子的不同(1)Hisbrotherwhoisnowadoctoralwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。（他还有其他的哥哥）(2)Hisbrother,whoisnowadoctor,alwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。（他只有一个哥哥）难点分析（一）限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况1．当先行词是anything,everything,nothing(something除外),few,all,none,little,some等代词时，或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修饰时(1)HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lihassaid?(2)Thereseemstobenothingthatseemsimpossibleforhimintheworld.(3)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.(4)ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who(4)Anymanthat/.whohasasenseofdutywon'tdosuchathing.2.当先行词被序数词修饰(1)ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时(1)ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.15\n4.当形容词被thevery,theonly修饰时(1)ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy,(2)Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who(3)WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting/5.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时(1)Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?(2)WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?6.当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时(1)Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?（二）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：1．As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。(1)Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.(2)Hewashonest,as/whichwecansee.2.as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思(1)Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.(2)Heisfromthesouth,aswecanseefromhisaccent.(3)John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.(4)HehasbeentoParismorethanseveraltimes,whichIdon'tbelieve.注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which(5)Tomwasalwayslateforschool,whichmadehisteacherangry.3.当先行次受such,thesame修饰时，常用as(1)Ihaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.(2)Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.(3)ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.注意：当先行次由thesame修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同(4)SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary'swedding.她穿着她在Mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。(5)Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。15\n（三）以theway为先行词的定语从句通常由inwhich,that引导，而且通常可以省略。(1)Thewayinwhich/that/./heansweredthequestionwassurprising.(四)but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句(1)Thereareveryfewbutunderstandhisidea.(but=whodon't)(五)区分定语从句和同位语从句1．定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系(1)TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforLondon.定语从句(2)Thefactthathehasbeendeadisclear.同位于从句2．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when,where,how,why,whether,what等词引导，充当成分(1)Thenewshetoldmeistrue.(2)Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.(3)Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.定语(4)Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.3.同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以(1)Theideathatwecouldasktheteacherforadviceiswonderful.(2)Theideawasthatwecouldasktheteacherforadvice.(3)Thefactthattheearthmovesaroundtheearthisknowntoall.同位语(4)Thefactisthattheearthmovesaroundtheearth.15