初中现在完成时讲解练习 7页

现在完成时精讲和专练I.定义：表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，也可以表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态II.现在完成时的结构肯定句：have/has+done(过去分词)否定句：主语+have/has+not+done(过去分词)+其他.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+done(过去分词)+其他.简略答语:Yes,主语+have/has.(肯定)No,主语+haven't/hasn't.(否定)注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作，如live，study，be，wait等，常和since（自从）或for（经历）引导的词语连用。如：Ihavelivedhereformorethanthirtyyears.我已在此住了30多年。III.现在完成时的标志　　1.　现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,现在完成时通常和，ever,never,twice（once…）,sofar（到目前为止）,since，for，inthepast/lastfewyears（在过去几年）,already（肯定句）,yet（否定，疑问句）,just(刚刚),before（以前）,recently（近来）等词连用说明：already与yet都有“已经”的意思，但already常用于肯定句，并用于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑问句，并用于句末。例如：Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Ihaven’tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?Theyhaveleft.(他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里)Ihavehadmylunch.(我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿)Ican’tfindmywatchnow.IthinkIhavealreadylostit.2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在,甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手。①for+时段②since+过去一个时间点（过去从句）为标志注意：1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,lastweek,threeyearsago等;2)不能与when连用IV.现在完成时的用法7\nA．表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的影想或结果）。例如：Thecarhasarrived.　车子来了。（结果：车子已在门口）Someonehasbrokenthewindow.有人把窗户打破了。（结果：窗户仍破着）B.表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词howlong等。例如：Myunclehasworkedatthisfactoryforfiveyears.我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。Mr.BlackhaslivedinChinasince2002.自从2002年Mr.Black一直住在中国。Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?你来这里多久了？注意：此种用法中表示持续动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词（否定句除外）。例如：(1)这本书我已经买了三个月了。错误：Ihaveboughtthebookforthreemonths.正确：Ihavehadthebookforthreemonths.(2)你哥哥参军多长时间了？错误：Howlonghasyourbrotherjoinedthearmy?正确：Howlonghasyourbrotherbeeninthearmy/beenasoldier?延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换7leave---beawayborrow---keepbuy---havedie---bedeadbegin/start---beonfinish---beoverfallill---beillgetup---beupcatchacold---haveacoldputon→wearcome/become/go---beherefallasleep---beasleepgetto/arrive/reach---be(in)gettoknow---knowjoin----beamemberof...(成为…的一员)open---beopenclose---beclosed7用相应的延续性动词替换短暂性动词，句中谓语动词用现在完成时，时间状语为“for＋时间段”或“since＋时间点”。如：HehasbeenintheGreenChinaforthreeyears.HehasbeenamemberoftheGreenChinaforthreeyears.他加入“绿色中国”已经三年了。Theoldmandied4yearsago.----Theoldmanhasbeendeadfor4years.HejoinedtheParty2yearsago.----HehasbeeninthePartyfor2years.Iboughtthebook5daysago.----Ihavehadthebookfor5days.表示时间段的短语有:7\nfor+一段时间(for2years),since+从句(sincehecamehere),since+时间点名词(sincelastyear,since5daysago),howlong;foralongtime等。I.现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别1一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。Isawthisfilmyesterday.（强调动作发生的时间是yesterday。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）2一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：…ago,lastweek/...In2008,inthepast,justnow,thedaybeforeyesterday,yesterday...Then(那时),thatday,oneday,once(从前)现在完成时常和recently（近来），ever,never,twice,sofar（到目前为止）,since，for，inthepast/lastfewyears,already（肯定句）,yet（否定，疑问句）,just(刚刚),before（以前）连用。现在完成时不与表示过去的时间状语连用。现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.II.比较since和forsince后接时间点，for后接时间段，试比较：Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.Myaunthasworkedinacompanysince1949.Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.III.比较have/hasbeento、have/hasgoneto和havebeeninhave(has)beento...表示“曾去过某地，已经从那里回来了”，可以和ever、never、twice等连用。have(has)goneto表示“已经去了某地，在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来”。have(has)beenin表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since,for,howlong等HewenttoShanghailastweek上周他去了上海HehasbeentoShanghai.他(曾经)到/去过上海.(但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了)HehasgonetoShanghai.他已经去上海了.(也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里)Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了7\n语法练习I.延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化1.Hedied10yearsago.——He______________for10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.——He_____________thebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.——He___________themotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.—He____________heresincethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedoffthelight2hoursago.——Thelight__________for2hours.6.Helefthere2yearsago.———He____________fromherefor2years.7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.——Thefilm__________for30minutes.8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.——Thedoor__________foranhour.9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.——Thedoor___________foranhour.10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.——He_____________a_______forayear.He_____________thearmyforayear.It____ayear____hejoinedthearmy.II.单项选择。()1.Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.Ａ.iswritingＢ.waswritingＣ.wroteＤ.haswritten()2.HaveyoumetMr.Li____？Ａ.JustＢ.agoＣ.beforeＤ.amomentago()3.—Howlonghaveyou____here?—Abouttwomonths.　　Ａ.beenＢ.goneＣ.comeＤ.arrived()4.—Ourcountry____alotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.　Ａ.haschanged;wellＢ.changed;goodＣ.haschanged;betterＤ.changed;better()5.—______you___yourhomeworkyet?—Yes.I_____itamomentago.Ａ.Did;do;finishedＢ.Have;done;finishedＣ.Have;done;havefinishedＤ.will;do;finish()6.We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.　　Ａ.knowＢ.hadknownＣ.haveknownＤ.knew()7.HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_____twice.　　Ａ.willseeＢ.haveseenＣ.sawＤ.see()8.—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.—Really?When_____there?Ａ.willtheygoＢ.didtheygoＣ.dotheygoＤ.havetheygone()9.ZhouLang______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.Ａ.was;studyingＢ.will;studyＣ.has;studiedＤ.are;studying()10.Hisfather______thePartysince1998.　　Ａ.joinedＢ.hasjoinedＣ.wasinＤ.hasbeenin()11.—Doyouknowhimwell?—Sure.We______friendssincetenyearsago.　　Ａ.wereＢ.havebeenＣ.havebecomeＤ.havemade()12.Hehas___beentoShanghai,hashe?Ａ.alreadyＢ.neverＣ.everＤ.still()13.Hurryup!Theplay__________fortenminutes.　　Ａ.hasbegunＢ.hadbegunＣ.hasbeenonＤ.began7\n()1.It___tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.Ａ.IsＢ.hasＣ.willＤ.was()2.MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.She_______tothelibrary.Ａ.hasgoneＢ.wentＣ.willgoＤ.hasbeen()3.Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.　　Ａ.havebeeninＢ.havebeento　Ｃ.havegonetoＤ.havebeen()4.Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,____?A.sotheyB.don’ttheyC.havetheyD.haven’tthey()5.hasMr.WhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehetoChina?A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived()6.Hisuncleformorethan9years.A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity二、句型转换。1、Hehasneversurfed,____________?（改成附加疑问句）2、Theyhavebeenheresince2001.(提问)___________havetheybeenhere?3、Theoldman_________lastyear.He____________forayear.(die)（动词填空）4、Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago.(同义句转换)Thisfactory____________________fortwentyyears.5、MissGreenleftanhourago.(同义句转换)MissGreen____________________anhourago.6、HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears.（同义句）　Hermother_______thePartythreeyears________.三、汉译英。1、他昨天收到一封信。________________________________________________2、我父亲以前到过长城。_______________________________________________4、她去过上海。______________________________________________________5、他这些天上哪儿去了？____________________________________现在完成时练习：一、单项选择。10、—______you___yourhomeworkyet?—Yes.I_____itamomentago.A.Did;do;finishedB.Have;done;finishedC.Have;done;havefinishedD.will;do;finish11、Hisfather______thePartysince1978.A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin12、—Doyouknowhimwell?—Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsago.A.wereB.havebeenC.havebecomeD.havemade21.Whenhearrivedatthebusstop,thebus_____for20minutes.A.hasleftB.hadleftC.hasbeenawayD.hadbeenaway22.I______theLeaguefor5yearssofar.A.joinedB.havejoinedC.havebeenin23.Thefactory____sincetheFebruaryof1988.A.hasbeenopenB.hasopenedC.wasopenD.opened24.MaryandRose____friendssincetheymetin2000.7\nA.havemadeB.havebeenC.madeD.havebecome26.Themeeting_____foraweeknow.A.hasfinishedB.hasendedC.hasbeenover27.MissGao______thisschoolfornearly5years.A.hasbeeninB.hascometoC.hastaught30.Howlong_______he________?A.diedB.has,diedC.has,beendead31.He______ateightyesterdayafternoon.A.sleptB.wassleepingC.hassleepD.hadslept32.He________thecarforaweek.A.boughtB.hasboughtC.hashad33.-----Howlong_____you_____ill?-----Twoweeks.A.didfallB.have,fellC.have,been35.I'lllendyouthebook,butyoucanonly_____itfor2days.A.borrowB.keepC.take40.-----HowlongcanI______thebook?------Twoweeks.A.borrowB.lendC.getD.keep二、句型转换。1、Hehasneversurfed,______?（改成反意疑问句）4、Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago.(同义句转换)Thisfactory______fortwentyyears.6、HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears.（同义句）Hermother_______thePartythreeyears________.7、TheGreenFamilymovedtoFrancetwoyearsago.(同义句转换)_______twoyears________theGreenfamilymovedtoFrance.一、用过去时或现在完成时填空：1.“_________you__________(have)lunch?”“Yes.”“When________you__________(have)it?”“I____________(have)itat12:00.”2.“_________you__________(write)alettertoyourauntyet?”“Yes,I___________.I________________(write)onelastweek.”3.“_________he___________(finish)hishomework?”“Notyet.”4.“_________theyever__________(be)abroad?”“Yes,justonce.”5.Yourfather_________just___________(finish)hiswork.6.Yourfather_________(finish)hisworkjustnow.7.LasttermI__________(learn)manyEnglishwords.8.They____________(notread)theinterestingbooksyet.9.He_____________never____________(go)tothesciencemuseum.10.____________youever____________(drink)coke?11.Haveyou_____________(buy)adictionary?““Yes,I__________.”“Where______you___________(buy)it?”“I_________(buy)itinabookstore.”“When___________you_____________(buy)it?”“Yesterday.”二、用since和for填空1.______twoyears2._______twoyearsago3._______lastmonth4.______19995._______yesterday6._______4o’clock7.______4hours9._______wewerechildren11.______shelefthere12.HehaslivedinNanjing________theyearbeforelast.7\n13.I’veknownhim__________wewerechildren.14.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese_________threeyears.15.Shehasbeenawayfromthecity___________abouttenyears.16.It’sabouttenyears__________sheleftthecity.三、用have/hasbeento/in,havegoneto及go的各种形式填空。1)WhereisJack?He__________hiscountry.2)David________theparkjustnow.3)John_______Englandsincehecameback.4)Howlong_____have_____thisvillage?5)TheSmiths______Beijingforyears.6)_____youever____America?--Yes,I_____theremanytimes.7)I_____thisschoolsincethreeyearsago.8)WhereisJim?He_____thefarm.9)When_____he_____?He_______anhourago.10)Wouldyouliketo_____thezoowithme?---Yes,butI_____therebefore.11)Where_____you_____now?---I____thezoo.12)Heoften_____swimming.13)_____you______therelastyear?14)_____theyoften______skatinginwinter?四、综合练习:I.用never,ever,already,yet,for,since填空1.Ihave_______seenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.2.Jackhas_________finishedhishomework________anhourago.3.Mr.Wanghastaughtinthisschool________tenyears.4.“Haveyou________seenthefilm?”“No,Ihave________seenit.”5.“Hasthebusleft_______?”“Yes,ithas_________left.”7